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Cameron K., Campbell A. The Devolution of Natural Resources and Nunavut’s Constitutional Status
Joual of Canadian Studies (July 2009), 43 (2), pg. 198-219

Published by University of Toronto Press

Abstract:
Nunavut was created by federal statute in 1999, to meet the Crown’s obligations under Article 4 of the Nunavut Land Claims Agreement (NLCA) and the associated Nunavut Political Accord. The Nunavut Act was based upon the Northwest Territories Act, but modeized. Since the 1905 creation of Alberta and Saskatchewan from the North-West Territories, territorial govements have gradually evolved in the direction of provincial status, while remaining under ultimate federal jurisdiction. Important matters to be reviewed include the following: (1) Are the parties (the federal govement, the Govement of Nunavut, and Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.) committed to serious negotiations? (2) What additional legislative powers would be conferred with the devolution of Crown lands and resources? (3) Will the existing federal programs for the administration of Crown lands and resources be adequately resourced? (4) To what extent will devolution provide significant own-source revenues to the Nunavut govement, both in the short run and in the longer term? (5) How may federal-Nunavut fiscal transfers be affected? (6) In what respect is the devolution process likely to enhance or detract from the meeting of govement obligations pursuant to the NLCA, particularly Article 23? (7) Given the provisions of the Nunavut Act, the NLCA, and federal-provincial considerations, how will the offshore areas and their resources be treated? The ultimate questions to be considered are whether the devolution of Crown lands and resources will advance the constitutional status of Nunavut; whether such devolution would be otherwise beneficial to the govement and people of Nunavut; and whether provincial status is ultimately the best objective for Nunavut or, as Gordon Robertson describes it, a mistaken goal.

R?sum?:
Nunavut a ?t? cr?? par acte du Parlement en 1999 pour satisfaire les obligations de la Couronne en vertu de l’article 4 de l’Accord sur les revendications territoriales du Nunavut et de l’Accord politique sur le Nunavut connexe. La Loi sur le Nunavut a ?t? fond?e sur la Loi sur les Territoires du Nord-Ouest « modeis?e ». Depuis la cr?ation en 1905 de l’Alberta et de la Saskatchewan ? partir des Territoires du Nord-Ouest, les gouveements territoriaux ont ?volu? graduellement vers le statut de province tout en demeurant sous la juridiction ultime du gouveement f?d?ral. Des points importants doivent ?tre analys?s, y compris : (1) Est-ce que les parties (le gouveement f?d?ral, le gouveement de Nunavut et Nunavut Tunngavik Inc.) se sont engag?es ? n?gocier s?rieusement? (2) Quels pouvoirs l?gislatifs additionnels seraient conf?r?s avec la d?volution des terres et des ressources de la Couronne? (3) Est-ce que les programmes f?d?raux actuels visant l’administration des terres et ressources de la Couronne seront ad?quatement impartis? (4) Jusqu’? quel point la d?volution va-t-elle fouir des revenus autonomes au gouveement de Nunavut, ? court et ? long terme? (5) Combien de transferts financiers entre le gouveement f?d?ral et Nunavut seront affect?s? (6) De quelle fa?on le processus de d?volution peut-il aider ou nuire aux engagements du gouveement, conform?ment ? l’Accord sur les revendications territoriales du Nunavut, sp?cialement l’article 23? (7) Compte tenu des dispositions de la Loi sur le Nunavut, de l’Accord sur les revendications territoriales du Nunavut et des facteurs f?d?raux-provinciaux, comment les zones au large des c?tes et leurs ressources seront-elles trait?es? Enfin, les questions qui doivent ultimement ?tre pos?es sont les suivantes : Est-ce que la d?volution des terres et ressources de la Couronne encouragera la reconnaissance constitutionnelle de Nunavut? Est-ce qu’une telle d?volution pourrait b?n?ficier autrement le gouveement et les citoyens de Nunavut? Est-ce que le statut de province est vraiment le meilleur objectif pour Nunavut ou est-ce, comme le d?crit Gordon Robertson, « un objectif erron? »?
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