Акулов О.А., Медведев Н.В. Информатика. Базовый курс

uouocSepnoe pacrposrpauenne

YKB

(pa.ccroanue

cBbrrue 1000

xru)

;

AalbHee

pacnpocrpaHeHrae

YKB

c ucuols3oBaHr4eM

ucKyccrBeH-

Hbrx

crrvrHr{xos

3eMlr.t.

Pa4raoaoarrrr

YKB

4nanasoHa

B

cr4ly rur ua.rr'ori

4araHbr

rrloxo

4r,repa-

rnpyror

BoKpyr

cQepnvecxoft

uoaepxnocrr,r

3euara r4

KpylHbrx HepoB-

Hocreri

geuHori

rroBepxHocrfi

r,r

Apynu

uperrflTcrBlrli.

Ilosror,ry

npu

pa-

6ote s

4rauasoHe

yKB

aHTeHHbI

crpeMflTcr pacuolo)Kr,rrb

Ha

3Hartr4Telb-

noti

ablcore

HaA

floBepxnocrbro

3eMlr,t,

rrro

rlo3Bo

-fler

yBe

uqrdrb

pac-

crotuue npalrori

Br{Ar{MocrH

ro

(xrrr),

onpeAe

fleMoe

coorHorrreHr{eM:

ro=3,75([4.,[4\ (8.26)

rp,e

ft,,

ftr- alrcora

coorBercrBeHHo

[epeAaloqefi

u npueuHhrx

aH-

TeHH,

M.

.A,rr,a

opraHz3arl[u

cBff

3r,r Ha

Ar,rHr,rr{

3eua-a-xocMoc

r{crrolb3yror

BoAHbr

B

Ar,rana3oHe

or 3 rrr

p,o

3

cu. Boanrtr

sroro

Ar{arra3oHa

rrpaKTu-

qecKr,r

He [or^orr{arorcr

B aruocQepe.

OHn

raKr(e

He orpa)Karorct

r.toHocQepoli.

llpuuenxr

crryrulrKn-perpaHcl-flTopbr,

Mo)KHo o6ecue-

.rurs

r,[o6a

bHyro

cBfl3b B

AaHHoM

Ar{ala3oHe

Borr.H,

8.3.3. Annapurypa

tralauit

cBtr3vr

Anuaparypa

ar,rur,rrl

cBfl 3r.r noA,pa3Aelrercr

Ha

a[naparypy [pr4eMa-

nepeAaqa

AaHHhrx,

Ha3hrBaeMyro

onnapamyport

oxonuaHun

KaHe

a

gaHtbtx

(DCE

-

Data

Circuit

terminating

Equipment)

,

xoropax

ne-

locpeAcrBeuuo

cBs3brBaer

r,rcroqHuK

r.r

nolfrarela

coo6qerrlafl.u

npo-

M UKW

o

tt

Hy ro

annap

tmwy.

DCE

pa6oraer

Ha

SusnvecxoM

ypoBne,

orBerrafl

3a [epeAaqy

u

[prdeM

cr4rHerla

Hyxnori

$opuar

ri

Morr{Hocru

n

euenvecKyro

cpeAy.

llpnuepu

DCE:

uo4errrLr,

TepMr.ruallbHbre

ananreprr

cereri, onrurrec-

Kue MoAeMbr, ycrpoftcrBa

[oAKAroqeHHx

K

rqnSpoarrrnr

KaHa

aM.

llporvrexcyroqHar

alnaparypa

r{crro,,r-s3yercfl

Ha

lr4Hr.rfl x

csq eu 6olb-

urori upornx<eHHocrn

u

peuaer

ABe

ocHoBHbre

3a^arrn:

.

y^yqlueHHe

KarIecTBa

cLIrHaIa;

r

co3AaHI{e

cocraBHoro

KaHarAa

cBE3n

Mexqy

a6oHeHrauu

B BhI-

qI{clJ.ITelSHbIX

C eTf X.

IlpouexyroqHafl

aunaparypa

Mox(er

coBceM

He r{cnolb3oBarbcfl

r

ec.,r-Lr

[porrrr(eHuocrb

$usuvecxofi

cpe4u

-

xa6eaeli

E u

paAr,rolfi-

HI{H no3Borrfi

er ocyrqecrBlrrb

npr{eM-flepeAarry

6es npolrexyrorrHo-

ro ycr{

eHr.rr.

B upotnaHoM

clfrae npr{MeHrror

cnequa bubre

ycrpoli-

cTBa

-

rroBTopr{Te^r4,

418

I

!

Ilonmopumett-

yctporlcrao,

o6ecnequsarcqee coxpauenne

Sopur,r

H aMn/\r.rlyAr,r curHa a IIpa flepeAarre efo Ha

6orr.rruee,

qeM

[peAycMorpe-

Ho

AaHHbrM

TLrnoM

Susuvecxoft

cpeAr-r,

paccrosHne.

Ecara rpe6yercs oOecuequrb KarrecrBeHr{yrc rIepeAaqy

cnrnarloB Ha

6oarurue

paccroflHufl,

ro Heo6xo4zMbr

ycr{Alrrellr

curH€L

.oB,

ycraHoB-

AeHHbre

qepe3

orrpeAeleHHbre

paccrorurrax,

B

cerrx

[epeAaqr,r

AaHHbrx

H Crr o^53yeTcfl

TaK)Ke r.r

Apyrafl

rrp

oMe)r(yToqHafl auuapaTypa :

.

MyAbTUfrAeKCOpbr;

.

AeMyi\bTr4u/\eKCOpbr;

.

KOMMyTaTOpbr.

6.

\

Myatmuntexcop

-

ycrpoftcrno,

o6ecneqrsarculee coBMerrlenrle

co-

o6u{eHuft, nocrynarcil{rlx

rro HecKolbKrrM

KaHaIaM BBoAa,

B

oAHoM

BLrxoA-

HOM KAHA E,

,Qexyttmuntexcop

-

ycrporicrro,

Br,rrolHsroulee oreparluro, o6par-

Hyro MylbrnnleKcupoBaHnrc

(ynrlor:Heunrc).

Konnymamop

-

xorvr6uuarlr{oHHarr cxeMa, KoMMyrnpyroular

o4rlH H3

n BxoAoB

c

m BblxoAaMr,t.

3ra auuaparypa

peruaer

BTopylo

3a^a{},

T.

e. co3Aaer

MexAyABy-

us a6onentaMr.r

cerlr cocrasuorf KaHarr H3 HeKoMMyrr.rpyeMbrx orpe3-

xoa

$nsnuecxorl

cpe4u.

llpor*rexyrorrHaf aflnaparypa

KaHir

a cBfl-

3r,I npo3paqHa

A^-rr

Ilo^b3oBaTe^r, oH ee He 3aMegaeT I,I

He

r{I{TbIBaeT

g

csoeft

pa6ore.

Paslu.rarcr [pocrpaHcrBeHHbre

r.r BpeMeHHbre KoMMyraropu

[l9].

llpocmp ancmaenauil KoMMymamop

paavre p

a NxM npe4craBlter

co6oli

cerKy

(rrrarprqy),

a

xoropofi

Naxo4oa [oAK

roqeHbl K ropl{3ou-

T.L,r.bHbrM ruHHaM, a

M sblxoAo Beprl4KalbHut"t

(puc.

B.lB).

1

2

BxoAu

3

4

5

6

1 2 3

4

5 67

BuxoAu

Pnc.

8.

lB. Marprqa flpocrpaHcrBeHnoro

KoMM]'raropa

419

B

ysaax cerKu

HMerorcfl

KoMMyrlrpyroullle

3leMeuTbrr

flpuqeM

B

Kar(AoM

croa6qe

cerKLI

Mox(er

6urr

orxprrro

He 6olee

qeM

rro o.a'Ho-

My 3AeMeHTy.

Ecara

N

<

M, To KoMMyrNarop

Mo)Ker

o6ecne'rl4rr

coeAl{-

Herrr{e

Kax(Aoro

BxoAa

c He

MeHee

qeM

oAHI'IM

BbIXOAOM;

B rrpOTlrBHOM

clfrae

KoMMyrarop

Ha3blBaercl

6rroxnpyroulllMr

T, e,

ne o6ecue'rrnsa-

roulr4M

coeAIaHeHI,Ig

aro6oro

BxoAa c oAHnM

I{3

Bblxo.a,oB.

O6uuno

upl't-

MeHfltorcfl

KoMMyraropbr

c

paBHbIM

tII4cloM

BxoAoB

I4 BbIxoAoB

Nx

N.

He4ocraror

paccMorpeHHoft cxeMbl

-

6oluuoe

quc,ro

KoMMyrI{-

pyrcqux 3AeMeHToB

B KBaAparHoft

uarpuqe,

paBHoe M'

,f4a

yctpane-

HLIfl STOrO

HeAOCTaTKa

[ppIMeHf

IoT

MHOrOCTmeHrraTbIe

KoMMyTaTopbI.

Hanpuuep,

cxeMa

rpexcryueHqaroro

KoMMyraropa

6xO

I4Meer

BI4A'

rrpeA,craBlenHrrti

na

pr,rc.

B.

19.

a1

a2

Puc. 8.19. Cxeua

rpexcryneHqaroro

npocrpaucrBeHnoro

KoMMyraropa

.A,o

crarovHsrM

yclo BI4eM orcyrcrBl{ff

6rroxll

p

on oK

BxoAoB

rBlger-

cs

paBeHcrso k 2 2n-l.

34ecr

k

-

qucao

6aoroe

B flpoMex(yroquoM

KacKaAe;

n

:

N/p;

p

-

qficrr.o

6.[oxos

Bo BxoAHoM

KacKaAe.

B

npuae-

4ennoti

Ha

pr{c.

B. 19

cxeue 3To

ycIoBI4e He

BbIrIoAHeno,

uoerouy

6rro-

KrrpoBKr{

Bo3Mox(HbI.

Hauputrrep,

ecax

rpe6yercq

BbIuoAHIaTb

coeAu-

HeHHe

ar-dr,

Ho

paHee

cKoMMyrI,IpoBaHbr

coeMHeHI{l

ar-br-_cn-dr,

ar-br-cr-dr,

ro

AAt

dr

AocrynHbl

lulrHbl br, cr14

csr oAHaKo

oHI4

He

re4yr

r d,.

B unorocryneHqarblx

KoMMfraropax

cyulecrBeHHo

yMeHbrueHo

r{uc'

AO nepeK

IoqaTeAbHbIx

gAeMeHTOB

3a CrreT

HeKOTOpOTO

yBe/\-uqeHl{q

3aAep)KKI{.

Bpeuennort

KaMMymamop

nocrpoeH

Ha ocHoBe

SyQepHoti

[aMflTI4'

3a[r4cb

npolr3BoAl{Tcfl

B ee

gqellxu

nocAeAoBareAbHL'IM

oupocoM

Bxo-

AoB,

a

Ko MMyraIII4q

o cyulecrBl-fl

ercfl

6aaro4apa

cqHTbIBaHH

ro

AaHHbIx

420

Ha BbrxoAbr

lr3 rryxHblx tqeeK

naMflTH, llpu srou

upoucxo4rlT

3aAep-

)KKa

Ha BpeMt oAHoro

quK^a

(34[LIcb-qTeHueD.

B

gasucntlrocrrt

or runa

fipoMexyrounoft anuaparypbl Bce rrlrHllri

cBfl3r4

AelrTcfl

Ha:

r

aHa^oroBble:

.

qu$poaue.

B

a n ato

ro n ax AuHu nx c

Bts u upoMex(yrovHafl

a[fiaparypa npeAHa3

-

HaqeHa

A^.'I

ycrr^eHrn

aHa^oroBblx

curHaIAoB, Koropble

HMeIoT Henpe-

puanufi

4uarra3oH

sna.reHurl,

Tarne irr.:vrrnvr cBg3I{

TpaAsIII{oHHo flpn-

MeHflrorcfl

n teaeSonnblx

cerflx

,q^-ff

CBE3H

ATC r"re:r4y co6ofi.

,{4-a

coe4arultr

Bblco Ko cKopocrHblx

KaHaIAoB

B aHaIAoroBbIx

lIHr{tx

cBfl

3H llcno^b3yercfl

TexHLrKa

rlacrorHoro My^brr{n^eKcHpoBaHl,tfl

(FDM),

rrpn Koropoli

n o4xou KaHale o6te4nnrerct

HecKoAbKo HI.I3-

KocKopocrHux

a6onenrcKux

KaHa

oB.

B tquQpoaux AUHuflx

ca.E3u

rrepeAaBaeMble crarHa,lbl

I,IMeIor KoHeq-

Hoe

quclo

cocrognufi, C

nomoqrro

raKux cltrHalloB

nepeAalorct KoM-

nbrorepHbre

AaHHbIe,

a

raK)I(e oqu$ponanHble

pesb

r.r nso6pa;xenne.

flpor're:ryroqHarr

an[aparypa

o6pasoaaHufl

BblcoKocKopocrHblx

quSponux

KaHaIAoB

pa6oraer,

KaK npaBI4 o,

rro upI,IHIInny

BpeMeHHo-

ro Mylrru rrle Kcr4poBaxl{ff

KaHaIoB

(TDM),

Kor.a,a Kax(AoMy

HLI 3KocKo

-

pocTHoMy

KaHa

y

BblAe/\seTcfi o[peAe^eHHaq,a,oJ\JI

BpeMeHr{ BbIcoKo-

cKopocTHoro

KaHa a.

8.4

I,1

HOOPMAUI,IOHH

bIE CET

V

B

o6u1er'r

clfrae

rroA TeleKoMMyHlrKallnonnofi

cerrro

noHr,IMaror clr-

cTeMy,

cocrorlqyrc

ug o6lexroB, ocyulecrB

.'Irolqilx

syHxrlHn

reHepa-

quu,

upeo6pa3oB6rHr4rl,

xpaHeHlra H norpe6leHur

npoAyKTa,

rra3blBaeMbD(

rryHKTaMIa

(yalauu)

ceru,

H

l.tuuh

flepeAatrlr

(cansv,

xor"u"ryar'rxaqnri,

coe4unenuri),

ocyulecraaarcull{x

repeAaqy

rpoAyKTa MexAy

n}rHKTaM}r.

B

gagncl,Irrocrr.I

or

BLIAa npoAyKTa

-

llH@opMaql4fi' 3Heprllr,

Mac-

ca

-

pa3lrdqaror

coorBercrBeHHo

r.rHQopuaquounbrer

gHeprerr,rqec-

Krne

r4 Beu{ecrBennble

cern

[19].

Tan, cpe4u

BeIr{ecrBeHHbIx

cereli

Mox(-

HO BhrAe

r{Tb TpaHc[opTHbIer

BoAoupoBoAHbIe

ceTH

rr

Ap.

LlnQopxaquotrnan

c emb

-

KoMMyHI,IKaIILIoHHIUI

cerb, B xoropofi

npo-

AyKTOM

reHepr.rpoBaHraa,

nepepa6orKlr,

xpaHeHl4t

I{ I.Icno^b3oBaHHs flB./\.'I-

erca

nH@opuaqvx.

\

421

Tpa4uquonuo

AAfl

uepeAarrx suyxoaoft nn$opr'raqrau

I{crrorrb3ylor-

cx rerreQonHbre cerH,

nso6pax<eHuri

-

rerresln.a,eHlle, TeKcra

-

TeIe-

rpaQ

(rerreraffn).

B Hacrorrqee BpeMq sce 6ol6uree

pacnpocrpaHeHr,Ie

lrrolfraror

un$opr"raquouHbre cemu u*merpelb*oro o6ctyx<uaanun,

no3Bolgrculue [epeAaBarb B eMHoM KaHa e cBt3r4 anyx,

uao6paxre-

HIlIe

V

AaHHbre,

\

9

ButucauatearHon cemb-

nHQopuaqnoHHrur cerb, B

cocraB

roropoli

BxoMT Bbrqlrclurelbnoe o6opy4oBaHr4e.

KouuonenraMr{ Bbrrruclr,rrearnori cerr{ Moryr 6urr 3BM

r{

nepu-

QepnirHue

ycrpofi

crna,

rBlflrorrlr4ecfl r{crorrHlrKaMil r4 rrpueMHr4KaMr{

AaHHbrx,

[epeAaBaeMbrx IIo

ceTr{,

8.4.

1.

K,raccu$uraryun

BbrrrrlcaurelbHbrx

cereit

Bsrqil clr,rrelbHhre c err{ Klaccr$uqnpyror no

pffAy

rrpn3HaKo

B.

B

gasucul{ocrri

or

paccroflHr4fl

Met(Ay

y3AaMH

cerv Bbrrrlrclr{Telb-

Hbre

cerr4

MoxHo

pa3AeAI{Tb

Ha TpI{ K acca:

.

^oKo brubre

(ABC,

LAN

-

Local Area Network)

-

oxBarbrBaro-

ulue

orpaHrjtreHHyro

reppr.rropr4ro

(o6rrvno

B npeAelax

yAa

eH-

Hocru

craHqnfi

ne 6oaee

qeM

Ha HecKolbKo.a,ecgrKoB I{

r,I

co-

TeH MerpoB

Apyr

or

Apyra,

pexe

Ha 1...2 rrrr);

.

KopnopamuBHHe

(uacwma6a

npegnpuflmufl)

-

coBoKyrrHocrb

cBfl3aHHbrx

Mex4y

co6oli

ABC, oxearLrBaroqr{x repprTopl4lor Ha

xoropori

pa3Merrleno

oArro upeAnpuflTue

I,I rd

yqpex.Aeul{e

B

oA-

HOM Ilt/\I4 HeCKOlbKr{X 6j\N SXO

paCrrOAO)KeHHbrX

3AaHI4JIX;

.

meppumopucr

bHHe

-

oxBarLlBaloqae 3Haqnre^bHoe reorpa-

$u.recroe

upocrpaHcrBo; cpeAn

reppr{Topr{albHsrx ceteft rroxt-

HO BbrAe^r.rrb cerr4

perlroHa

bHrre ra rao6aanHbrer EMeroulue co-

orBercrBeHHo

perproHalbHbre

(MAN

-

Metropolitan

Area

Network) rEau rrro6albHbre Macrura6u

(WAN

-

Wide Area

Network).

Oc o6o BbrAe^sror

rrro6arruryto c err Hnrepner.

\

5

Unmepnem

-

rno6aarnas re eKoMMyHItKaqIroHHaa

uH@opuaquou-

Has cerb

(ueracerr),

o6re4uHxrcIqasAecsrKrl

Trrcs.I cerell 3BM, oxnarrt-

Baroil{fix 6oaee cra crpan,

Mu,rr ]roHbr 1106

roqeHHhrx

y3AoBbIx

3BM,

4e-

cqTKLt MLII t,tOHOB [Olb30sare,\eli.

Bax<nrfi,r

up]r3HaKoM

xrraccnszxaqur{

Bblrrucj\ldTe^bHblx

ceTefi

fl B-

A-ff

eTcff

Hx To

II

OAOrI{tt,

OupeA,e^fl

lolqag

reoMeTpl'rqecKoe

pacn

o^o)Ke

-

HUe

ocHoBHbrx

pecypcoB Bbrql{cJltrTearHoft

cerra

n ceggei

MexAyHLIMI,I.

B sasgcraMocT?r

oT

Torro4orur4

coepgeHrili

yeaoa

pa371lrqaloT

ceTu

urrannofi

(

uarzcrpaalnorl),

roatqesori,

gsegAnofi

,

nepapxrauecxoti,

r

por{3Bolbuoti

ctPYxryPu.

Cpeln

ABC

narn6olee

pacrpocrpaHeHbl

(pnc.

8.20):

.

u)uunen

(bus)

-

AoKa,rbHat

cerb'

B roropofi

cBt3b

MOKAy

lro-

6uuu

AByMff

craHlllrsMll

ycranaBlr{Baerct

qepe3

o4nn

o6qnr1

nyrb

u

AaHHbIer

rrepeAaBaeMue

aro6ofi

ctanqrEeft,

oAHoBpeMeH-

Ho craHoBffTcfl

AocrlmHbrMll

44-ff

Bcex

Apyrux

ctaHquti,

noA'K

ro-

rreHHbrx

r erofi

r(e

cpeAe

llepeAaqn

AaHHbrx.

flpurraeportl

ABC

urrnHnori

cTpyKTypbr

flBlrroTcq

caMbre

pac[pocTpaHeHHble

B Ha-

crotlqee

BPeMt

cetu

Ethernet;

.

r<oabqeBan

(ring)

-

y3/\br cBs3aHbr

roarqeaoft

rursneft

neped,a-

qra

AaHHbIx

(x

xax<4or'ry

y3ly noAxoMT

To.lrsKo

4pe

aunrara)'

.A,aH-

HbIe,

npoxoM

no

KoAbIIy'

flooqepeAHo

craHoBflTcs

AocrynHbl-

Mr{

BceM

y3laM

ceru.

Ilpnuepou

ABC

xoarqeaoi

Torrolorr,rll

rBlflercq

cerr

Token

Ring

-

BTopaff

ro creneuz

pacnpocrpa-

HeHHocrLI

noc^e

cetefi

Ethernet,

a

raKrKe

BblcoKocKopocrHat

cerr

FDDI

(Fiber

Distributed

Data

Interface);

.

sBe3gfuan

(star)

-r{MeeTcrrIeHTpa

bHbliyserr,

oTKoTOpOTOpac-

xoMTcfl^InH}In[epeAaquAaHHbIxKKilI(AoMylI3ocTa^bHblxy3-

rron,

Ilpnrueportr

ABC

snes4Hofi

roflo^orru

tB

tercs

cetrArCnet.

Tou

oaorraq

ecKafl

cTpyKrypa

c eTI{

OKa3brBaeT

3HarI

fi

TeAbHoe

B I4fl

-

Hr,re

Ha

ee

[po[ycKnyro

cnoco6HocTb,

ycrotiuuaocTb

ceTH

K OTKa3aM

ee

o6opyAoBaHr,rfl,

Ha orHqecKrae

Bo3MO)I(HOCTLI

I4 CTOIIMOCTb

CeTU.

LIJuxa

(Bus)

Konuqo

(Ring)

Pnc,

8.20.

OcnosHble

lonolon{qecKue

clpyKrypbl

ltoKa

bHbrx

BIITIIICII{Te

-bHrrx ceteft

3eesAa

(Star)

422

423

B

gagncrauocrrr

or cnoco6a

yrrpaBleHut paglrarraror

cern:

. (KAUeHm-CepBep),

-

B HIrf,K BI-IAe

geTct

OAI|IH I{All HeCKO bKO

y3-

,ron

(rax

nasraHne

-

cepaepu), Bbr[o^Hflroulr{x B ceTr{

yupaB^flro-

ulrle r{Ar{

cflequarlbHbre

o6cryrrunarculse

$ynrqrara,

a ocrarlbHbre

ysarr

(xalrenrnr)

aaaarorcfl TepMr.rHalbHhrMu, B HHx

pa6oraror

no.lt'r€oBare fi.

Cerra

(K

neHT-cepBep))

pa3lruarorcrr

rro xapaKTe-

py pacnpeAe

ennn

QyHxqufi

uex<4y cepBepaMrd, r. e. tro rnnaM

cep-

BepoB

(naupuuep,

$afia-ceprepbr,

cepBepH 6as

4auunx).

IIpN

CneqnaIAI{3aIIIlIU CepBepOB nO O[peAeAeHHbIM IIpIiUrO)KeHlIflM HMe-

eM cernb

pacnpege

eHnlx

Buquorenuti, Taxue

ceru or

r,rqalor raK-

)Ke oT

r{eHTpirAr.rSoBaHHhD(

cHcTeM, nocrpoeHHbrK Ha Msftuspeftuax;

.

ogHopaHroBbre

-

B HHx Bce

y3lbr paBnonpaBHu,

Ilocxorrrry

a

O6I4eu CAyrIae

rrOA

K

]IeHT9M

lloHr{Maercs o6lexr

(yctpoit-

crBo Hrrr{ fiporpaMMa), sanparuuearcuqurl HeKoropbre

yclyrr{,

a rroA cepBepoM

-

o6rexr, [peAocraBl-flrouquri

gTLr

yc^yrn,

To

xax<4rrli

y3el

B

oAHopanroBbrx cerrrx Mo)Ker Bbrno,lrufiTb

Sysx-

uuvn

KirreHTar H cepBepa.

B

gasucurvrocrr{

or

roror

oAr4HaKoBhre

lrlrr

HeoAr{Harosble 3BM

npI,IMeHffIor B cerl{,

pa3luqaror

ceru oAHorrrnnux 3BM, HagbrBaeMbre

ogHopogHbtir{u, u

pasHorlrrrHbrx

3BM

-

HeogHopogHue

(remeporen-

ur;.e). B KpynHbrx aBToMarrl3r,rpoBaHHbrx clrcreMax, KaK npaBr{Ao,

cerr.r

oKa3brBaroTcfl

HeoAHopoAHbrMlr.

B

gagncuuocrr{

or upan co6crBenHocrlr

Ha

cer}r

uocleAHr,Ie

Moryr

6wry

cemauu o6u,ero

no^b3oBaHu.a

(public)

vtrn

qacmHHuu

(private).

Cpe4N cerer:r o6uqero rrolb3oBanr{r

BrrrAelrror reaeSonubre

cerr{

(PSTN

-

Public Switched Telephone Network) r{ cerr{ nepeAarrr

AaH-

narx

(PSDN

-

Public

Switched

Data Network).

llpusuarou

pa3lr4rrnfl

cerefi

flBlflercfl

TaK)r(e rr.rrr Hc[olb3yeMbrx

B

Hlrx nporoKoloB o6uena

ran$oprr,raqraerl.

flo cuo co6aM KoMMyrarlur.r

AaHHbrx

pa3luqaror

Bhrqr,rclrrrelbHhre

ceru c KoMMyraqr4erl xanarrog, coo6utrenuri u uaxerog.

8.4.2.

Merolbr rrepeAatrn

Aaxrrbrx

rro r(aHa,taM

cBfrstr

Kana.tox crtgu

Ha3brBaror

QnsnvecKyro

cpeAy

u aluaparypHbre cpeA-

crBa, ocyuecrB Eror{ue [epe4a.rynu@opMarlfiu MexAyy3laMr,r KoMrvryTarlulr.

B Hacronulee BpeMfl B TexHlrKe rrro6azrsHnrx u

perr,IoHarabnblx

BbI-

qr.rc^r{Te^.bHrrx

cereft u reaeo6pa6oTKr4

A^-rr

[epeAaqr4

AaHHbrx

HCIIo/ab-

3yror rlaBHurrr o6pasou aHaloroBhle KaHaIAhr cBn3l,I.

424

Ilepe4a.ra

4ucxpetnofi

(4rouvno-roppoBauxoft

)

uuQopual{I{u

ro

AH'IAOTOBbIM

KAHAAAM

CBS3I'I OCYUIECTB

'ETC'

IIYTEM MOWA.N\W

B IIC'

peAarouleM rryHKTe

xoae6anuri

ne cyu4eri

uacrorhl

ABo

I{IIHbIMI,I curHa-

AaMr.r

[epeAaBaeMoro

KoAa

c uocleAyroqeft

4er"ro4yl-aqaefi

-

Boccra-

HoBAeHrreM

nepBoHarla

bHorl

$opr"ru

coo6u4eHux

B upHeMHoM

uyHK-

re. OnepaqI,IH

MoAy sqnu

LI

AeMoAyA-ffIII{H

Bhlrrolrrstorcs

r

ycrporl-

crBirx,

Ha3brBaeMblx

Mo

geMa

Mu.

Mogen

(uogyaatop-geiloAy .nrop)

-

ycrpoticrBor BblnolHqloqee

npe-

o6paaoranue

ABoI4tIHbIx

Aannutx

(noronon

6utoa)

B aHa oroBLIe

cItrHaIbI'

[pr{roAHbre

M.fi

nepeAarllr

no HeKoropoMy

aHa^oroBoMy

KaHaAy cBfl3Ll

u

rrpr/rHxMaeMhre

aHaAoroBLIe

cHrHa./IbI

o6patuo

n

qu$posyto

Sopt"ty.

IlpnuenarcTcfl

TpIt ocHoBHbIx

BilAa Mo.qy tqvni

aMraumygHafu

Ya'

cmomHan

u

Qasosan.

Cuoco6

o6pasoaannfl

Ar{cKperuoro

KaH€IAa

rre-

peAarru

AaHHbIx

uoKa3ax

Ha

pl{c.

8.21

[15].

AHanoroaui

KaHan

cBqSll

Pnc. 8.2 l.

Ancrperrrutl

KaHiIA nepeAarlx

AasHbIx

Carura

nepep,aqa

AaHHhIx

B

KaHaAe

cBff3ll

Molr(er

6urr

acunxpon-

nofi

u cr,rHxpouHoft

(prEc.

8.22).TIpu

acuHxpoHHoil

nepegate

cnMBoAsI

[epeAalorcs

a cro6op,HoM

TeMne He3aBI'IcI'IMo

Ap]/r

or

Apyra'

upnaleM

xalxAutl

cLrMBo

nepe.d,aercq

co cBoHMPl

clrfHiIAaMIl

Cmapm

n Cmon,

yKa3blBaroqHMlr

I{a Haqa

o I4 KOHeq

nepeAaqn

cxMBo

a'

flpu

cuttxponnofi

nep

egaqe

6AoK cvruBo,roB

nepeAaercfl

HenpepblB-

HO

B IIpr.rHyAHTe

bHOM

TeMfIe, CI{HxpoHI{saIIXs

flepea'arculero

14 npld-

HHMaro

u{e ro

yctporicra

Aocrl,Iraercs

u ocanxoir

c nequaabHblx

Ko.4o

-

sbrx

xolr6uHaqnri

uepe4

Kax{,apIM

6aorou

AaHHbIx.

Acnnxponnat

nepeAarla

no3Bo.rr.aer

nepeAaBatr

uHQopruralllrrc

c

ycrpoficra, Koropble

BblAaror

ee

acl{HxpoHHo

Bo BpeMeHu'

OAnaro

cKopocrb

[epeAarllr

unQopuaquvr

trprl acunxpouuoM

MeroAe

HI43Ka'

TaK KaK

BeAr{Ka

ee

rng6rrro'rgocrb

r43-3a 6olbluoro

qxcla

crry:re6nux

crarnaloB,

CranxpoHHut:r

ueto4

o6ecne'rugaet

6oasuryro

cKopocrb

rre-

peAarru

AaHHbIx

t43-3a

Mexblueft

ns6blro'rnocru

unQopuaqul{'

Ho

rpe-

6yet

6orree

caoxcroti

arnaparypbl.

\

425

Syraa

M e xoAe

KO14-8

O4unaxoeue

r4HTepBanbr BpeMexu

MexAy cl4MBonaMx

6)

P ttc. 8,22.

flepe4aua

.qgHntrx

:

a) acunxponnaa;

6) cunxpoxHar.

Ko4oaaa

nepeAaqa coo6uleHufi

Mex(Ay

HaKorrltTel-fl MI{,

HaxoMIrIIi-

Muct B

y3lax

uuQopua4raonnorl

cerl{r Ha3blBaercfl

metemeKcoM

(a

ourvue or

releKca

-

reaerariuHoli

cnxsra), a

QaxcuiuuarHas

cBff3b

Ha3brBaeTcrr meteQaxcorw.

BrAsr Te^ereKca:

gAeKTpoHHax

no.rta

(E-

mail)

-

o6r'ren coo6uleHr,rffMll

Mex(Ay

AByMs

no

b3oBarelsMtr

cerllr

o6ues

Sariaaun,

(AocKa

o6tgsaeunl:r)

r.I TeleKon$epeHqzu

poKoBerrlare.rrlHat nepeAatra coo6ulenlrrl.

YcraH

oa.rr,euue coeALIHeHuf

MexAy orrrpaBuTeleM

I{ rr

olfrareleM

c

Bo3Mox(Hocrbro o6uena

coo6u{enr,rgun

6eg 3aMerHblx

BpeMeHHbIx

3ad,ep)KeK

xapaKrepl,I3yer

pe)KIrM

pa6oru

on-line

(<na

alHnrar).

llpz

cyrqecTBeHHbrx

3aAepxKax

c 3a[oMLIHaH]teM

unQopuaqulr

B rrpoMe-

xyroqHbrx

y3lax ItMeeM

pe)KuM

off-line

(

<

ane .,rranuutr

).

IIo no

guoxrHbrM

HarrpaBle

HI{fl M rle

peAaqn ran$ opr"raquu

pa3^r,Iqa

-

IOT KAHAAbI:

ll

cuuntexcnrre,

no3BolflIoulue

flepeAaBarb

AaHHbIe

rolbKo B o,r,-

HOM HanpaB eHHU;

2) notrygyruexcHbte,

uepe.0\alou{ne

AaHHbIe

s o6oux

HarrpaBlennsxr

HO

He

OAHOBpeMeHHO;

3)

gymexcnbre,

rlo3Boltroulue

rrepeAaBarb oAHoBpeMeHHo

AaHHbIe

s o6oux

HarrpaBrreunffx.

426

flolrexu

B KaHa-Lax

cB'.3n

MOryT

Bbr3hrBaTb

orur.r6xra

IIpn

fleperd,aqe

un$oprvraqr.ru.

r\ocmoaepHocmb

nepegaqu

groHllbtx

oqeHl{Baercf

orHo-

rueHr{eM

qlrc,la

orun6o.rgo

rrplrHflTblx

cI{MBoAoB

r o6qeuy

qncly

ne-

peAanHbrx.

.{44

reae$oHublx

KoMMyu{pyeMblx

KaHiIrroB

AocroBep-

Hocrb

nepeA,arru

cocraBlger

l0-3.

Taxoe

Hu3Koe

3HaqeHue

AocroBep-

HOCTH

[epeAar{u

3acraB^ter

B

pflAe

cA){aeB

[pI4MeHflTb

CUequaAbHbIe

MeTOAbr

(

xoHrpoar

no

q

eTH

ocTlr,

KoHTpoAbHbre

cyIuMbI

r

III{KIHrIe

cKue

xo4rr)

r{

cpeAcTBa

KoHTpol\r

npaBu^bHocTtr

[epeAaql4,

aBTOMaTnqec-

KO1O

[oBTOpeHI{fl

nepeAaqla

flpu IIOflB

ennrA

Orura6ru

YIAvt

aBTOMaT]I-

.recxofi

KoppeKqilI{,

Taxue ocHoBHbIe

xapaKTepl{crl'tKl{

cl{creMbr

uepeAarrra

unQopua-

qur.r,

KaK

rrpouycKHaq

cnoco6HocTb'

HaAe)r(HocTb

EepeAarrl4

nttsop-

MaIIun'

a

TaK)I(e

cAo)KHocTb

allllapaTypbl

Ha[pflMylo

3aBI'c'IT

oT BI,IAa

CLITHaAa'

}ICnO/\b3yeMOrO

B CI{CTeMe

[epeAaqu.

B nacrosu{ee

BpeMrr

Al\f

KoAlrpoBaHr,rfl

rEH$Oprtlaqau

IIJI{poKo

I{c-

ro^b3yroTcfl

ro4rr

NRZ

(Non

Return

toZero

-

6eg

Bo3Bpara

x noano),

RZ

(Return toZero

-

C

Bo3BpaToM

K

Ho^lo),

a raxxe

pa3^lrqHble

Bapl,r-

anrrr

Max.recrepcKoro

xo4a

[18]

.

Koa

NRZ

-

sro

npocreftruHft

roA,

npeAcraBlaroulnli

co6oft

rpaKrr.rqecKu

o6rr.rHblfi

qnsporoi

cI4tHa

(puc.

8.23).

Aorr'r'Iecxaq

1

(yponenr H

-

High)

upeAcraBlnercs

IroAoxI4re

bHbIM

Haupflx(e-

HlreM

BblcoKoro

ypoBnfl, a

Aornqecxufi

0

-

HI{3Koro

(yponeur

I

-

Low)

,

nanpurrep

TTA-ypoBHI4:

2,48

u 0,4

B, OcnoBHbrM

AocroI{H-

CTBOM

xO4a

NRZ

flB^sercrr

ero

orreHb

rrpocTarl

pea^It3aqllr

(nCxo4-

grrrl

curnal

He

HaAo

HI4 KoAllpoBarb

Ha

uepeAaloqeM

KoHqer

HI'I

AeKOAlrpoBaTb

Ha

npr4eMHOM

xOnqe).

cauui

6orrHuoi

HeAocTaToK

xoaa

NRZ

-

3TO

BO3MOT(HOCTb

nOTepr{

cr{HxpOHI{3aqHI4

npLIeMHI4-

KoM

npl{ npl4eMe

cAHIIJKoM

MI4HHsIX

6aoroe

(naxeroa) nu$opua-

qun.

llpueuHr4K

MO)r(eT

UpI4Bf

3brBaTb

MoMeHT

Haqa/\a

upI{eMa

ToAb-

Ko K

nepBouy

(craproaouy)

6ury

uaxera'

a

B TeqeHne

npl{eMa

rra-

KeTa

oH

BbrHyx(AeH

flo^b3oBaTbcff

ToAbKo

co6crseHHblM

BHyrpeH-

HflM

TaKTOBbTM

renepaTopoM,

Ecan.racbr

upr{eMHr4Ka

pacxoAflTcfl

c

qacaMl!uepeAaTquKaBryH

I,IApyrFocTopoHy'ToBpeMeHHo}IcABur

KKoHI{ynpl4eMaIIaKeTaMox(eTupeBblcl{TbA,trHTeAbHocTboAHoro

6u.rau/luAaxe

HecKo^bKr4x

6rar.

B

pe3y

bTaTe

nponsofi4eT

noTept

nepeAaHHbIx

AaHHbIx.

r{ro6rr

peilrraTb

3aAaqy

oAuHaKoBoro

oTcqera

BpeMeHHbIx

HHTep-

Ba

oB,

Hyx(Ho

cuHxpoHu3upoBamb

y3lbr

ceTI,I

(r.

e.

sa4atr

oAuHaKO-

sbrft

orc.rer

BpeMeHI{

.AAfl

[epeA'arrrl{Ka

I'r

upueuuuxa).

a)

foneMeHT_

_

r

t.5 SneMeHTa

2 eneuexra

Paexue hHTepBarbr

apeMeHtl

427

+12

B

(H)---

----

-12

B

(L)---

Pnc,8.23. [-{*rspoeoe

KoAI4poBaHI'Ie

AaHHbIx

no rvero4y

NRZ

O4Hu

us cnoco6on

cunxpoHl,r3allldlt

-

[ocbl,rKa

rlepeAaroql'IM

y3IoM

crarHa^oB

taxrosoll

qacrorbl

(puc.B.24

a). lIpneuHHK

B 3roM c^frae

BbI'

6rpaer

cHrHiIA

AaHHbtx

B MoMeHTbI

rroffBrreHl4q raKToBbtx

]IMIryAscoB

(puc.8.24

6

-

cunxpoHlr3aqnr

ro

]rpoBHIo

raKToBbrK curna.tos)'

llepe-

Aarra

KoporKr,rx

raKToBbIx

cnrna,roB,

.rto

Heo6xoAlaMo

44.a

yBel.lrqeHnn

cKopocrl,I

uepeAaqu, cra

Kl4Baercn

c upo6rrenorYr

scxaxteHufl

cI{rrIaIAoB

r{3-3a 3aryxaHurl

rl c npo6rleuaura

rax KoMpoBaHufl-AeKoMposaHI,Is'

flo-

groMy

Bocnplaflrue

cl{rua oB

AaHHbrx

o6H'IHo

rrpol4cxopT

uo

Spoury

(rrycrr

r4 r,rcKarKeHHoro)

czrHaaa

raKToBoIl

llacrorbl

(puc.8.24

n).

rlll

*---t

l-#',rl

Ifil

L--

| I

'

I

i

Lf--Ll

I

l+cnrxanAaHHbrx

ltttlll

l:_

Taxroeui

cvtr*an

i"i"i,-,|-lulul-l

'l

'l 'l

'l

npunuuaeuueAaHHb,e

l:-

rPqMwrojffi

CaHxpocnrHa^br

rrpil

r{cllo^b3oBaHnn

3T]Ix

MeTOAOB

rpe6ylor

or-

Aerrrnoft

nlu$uvt

cBfl3r{

B CeTeBOM

KaHale

cBff3ll,

IIpu

srou

rpe6ye-

MOe

Ko^r4qectso

ra6ej\t

yBe^r{trr{BaeTct

B

ABa

pa3a' TO )Ke

[poxoAI'IT

r{ c

KoluqecTBoM

up[eMHUKOB

r uepeAaTaluror.

flpu 6oabluoi

44u-

He

CeTI{

ra 6O

rUrOlr

KOAI,IqeCTBe

a6OHentOs

3TO

OKa3bIBaeTCfl

HeBbI-

ro.a,HbIM.

B cessn

c 3TrtM

xoa

NRZ

lrcno^b3yercr

ro^bKo

A'

s nepeAasl'I

KOporKr{M}r

IIaKeraMr{

(o6u.rHo

4o

1

K6nra)

.AAfl

cl{HxpoHI'I3aIlHI{

Harrala

upl{eMa

IIaKeTa

[pl{MeHteTcf

cTapToBsrfi

cayxte6nufi

6ut,

veri

ypouenb

oTAI,IrraeTcq

oT

naccHBHOrO

COCTOffHLItt

Ll,Hrru

cBq3u

(nanprar"rep,

nacCIIBHOe

COCTOfl

HI4e

I{HI4I4

npI.!

OTCyTCTBI{U

flepe-

AaqH-0,ctaptoaufi6nt-1).Hav6orreeu3BecrHoe[pI'IMeHe-

Hr4e KoAa

NRZ

-

cTaHA,apT

RS232-C,

roc^eAoBaTerrrHrrri

nopr

nep-

coualbnoro

KoMnblorepa

(pllc.

8.25)

' Ha

pHcyHKe nopr

uepeAaalrl

o6ogHa.reH

T

(Transmitter),

uopr

npr4eMa

-

R

(Reciever).

Ilepe4ava

zHQopr"raqr4r.r

B HeM

BeAeTcfl

6arlrauu

(8

6Hr)

,

coupoBo)KAaeMbIMIiI

craproBblM

I4 crorroBbIM

6nravru'

14xrepOeic

cpeAbl

_l

I

B)

-128

+128

Flepegaaaeuufi

curHatl

flpr,lxrttaeuui

chrHarl

LiT

6)

flepeAaBaeMble

Crapr

6urucurxara

Heeaxnrol

lt

1

|

(+5

B)

1

t

(or)o

Cron

o

'l

1

I

H"""""ro

_

(+128)H

_ n n

flepeAaeaeiruMllll

chrHanllll

l-tz6)L-

Pnc.8.25.

Aunetinne

6yQepu

RS-232

u

xo4uporaune

NRZ

Iluxns curaana

raKToBoi

qacrorbl

428

Pnc,8.24. fiepe4ava

crrrna

oB c cI4HxpoHI'I3aII[eIi

429

Ko.a, RZ

-

TpexypoBnesblfi

KoA,

flolf{Iasuu.uir

raKoe

Ha3BaHI{e

rro-

TOMy,

qTO

rroc1e 3HaIIauIerO

ypoBHg

CI{rHiI

a

a uepeoft

nOy1OBpIHe

rle-

peAaBaeMoro

6ura

uuQopMaql{u

cleAyer

Bo3Bpar

K

(HoAeBoMy))

ypoB-

uro

(Haupur'rep,

K

HoAeBoMy

rloreHlruany).

I-Iepexo4

K HeMy

npol{cxo-

AHT

B cepegHe

Kax(Aoro

6ura.

Aorra'recKoMy

Holro'

TaKI'IM

o6pa:ou,

c o orBercrByer

nolo)Kl{tearurui

I'IMuy

bc'

rro rt,r'I e crofr

eAuHI4IIe

pr{qarelbHblit

(wrtvr

nao6opot)

a

nepeoli

rroAoBHHe

6nrogoro

IaHTep-

aarra

[18].

Oco6ennocrblo

KoAa RZ

sa .aercq

ro,

qro

B IIeHTpe

6rra

gcerAa

ecrr

n epexoA

(

uorroxtnrear

:arrir unn orpl4ldarelbH

ufr

),

cae4oBarelbHo'

H3

sTOfO

KOAa

upI{eMHEK

MO)Ker

BbIAeAI'ITb

cl4Hxpol{Mnyrr'rc

(ctpo6).

B

4aHnon

ciyqae

Bo3Mox(Ha

BpeMeHHafl

[pLIBfl3Ka

He ro,rbKo

K

Haqa-

y

uaKera,

KaK

B clf{ae

KoAa

NRZ,

Ho t4 K Kax(AoMy

orAelbHoMy

6r4"ry,

uo3ToMy

uorepn

clduxpoHlr3aqull

He

upouaotl4er

rrpla aro6oi

Mr'IHe

[aKera.

Tarue

KoAbI,

Hecyulrae

s

ce6e

crpo6,

nory{I'I^rr

Ha3BaHI4e

ca-

MOCr{HxpoHI{3HpyIO

ql,Ixcfl

.

HeAocraror

ro4a

RZ cocrolaT

B ToM,

qro

4rrfl

uero

tpe6yercfl

BA,Boe

6orrrruas

rroloca

[ponycKaHl'It

KaHa a

upu

roti )Ke cKopocrl4

rrepeAa-

qH

rto cpaBHenl{ro

c NRZ

(rax

xax

3Aecb

Ha o4HH

6ur

flpl4xoAr{Tcfl

ABa

H3MeHeHlIff

ypoBHff uanpnx<eHur).

Koa RZ

[pl{MeHflerct

He

rolbKo

B

cerxx

Ha ocHoBe

3 eKTpI4qec-

Kofo

Ka6elg,

Ho I4

B

o[ToBoAoKoHHbIx

cerlx.

flocxoarxy

B HI4x He

cyu{ecrByer

nolo)r(I,ITelbHblx

I{ orpl4

IIareAbHbIx

ypoaHefr cI4rHaAa'

ncuolb3yercfl

TpI4

ypoBHfl:

orcyrcrBl{e

cBerar

caer,

caer.

IIpu 3ToM,

KorAa

Her

[eped,avra

raH$opuallulr'

cBer

BCe

paBHO

npPICyTCTByeTt

rITO

IIO3BOA'eT

erKO

OnpeAeALlTb

IIeAoc-

THocrb

onroBoloKounori

aunHn

cBgsu

6es

AonoaHI'ITe

bHbIx

Mep

(pr.rc.8.26).

Her cBera

Cunuxui

ceer

Ko4

Manvecrep-I

I,

xal{

MaHrlecrepcxt'tli

Ko.\

rrolf{Il

Han6o.irruree

pacupocTpaHeHr4e

B OKitAbHbrx

ceTflx

[181.

on

TaK)r(e oTHocr{Tcrr

K ca-

MOCTTTHXpOHI,I3I4pyIOITIHMCE

KOAaM,

HO B OTAlIqne

or KoAa

RZ

nr'reer He

Tpu, a

Bcero

rolbKo

ABa

ypoBHfl,

rrro

cuoco6crnyer

ero

Afrruefi

uoue-

xO3arrIHUIeHnOCrra.

AOraseCKOMy

HO

IO COOTBeTCTByeT

[O O)KI4TenrHrrri

lepexoA

B IIeHTpe

6uta

(r.

e.

uepBal

Iro oBIaHa

6utoaoro

IdHTepBiIAa

-

nugrufi

y-poBenb, BTopaq

Iro oBHHa

-

sblcoxnli),

a aoruvecrofr

e,a'u-

Hr,rqe

coorBercrByer

orpllllarelbuuft

uepexoAB

IIeHTpe

6ura

(uara

Ha-

o6opor).

llpnHIlnn

$opt"tllpoaaHr'Ifl

MaHrrecrepcKoro

Ko.l'a

[pe.a'craB-

rreH

Ha

puc.8.27.

O6qsarelbHoe

Halllarlue

[epexo.6,a

B IIeHTpe

6rara

uogeoltser

rrpl4-

eMHnKy

XO4a

Man.reCrep-Il

AerKO

BbIAe

I4Tb I43

llpuuleAluero

CLITHiLLa

cr{HxpocurHal,

sro

Aaer

Bo3Mot(Hocrb

uepeAaBarb

un$opr*laqnro

cKol.l

yroAHo

6o.iruuuun

[aKeraMld

6es

norepr

I{3-3a

paccl4HxpoHll-

3arIr4I,I.,A,onycrnuo

e

pacxo)r(AeHu e

qa

coB

npI4eMHHKa

I4 [epeAarrluKa

Mo)r(er

Aocrl{rarb

BeA.[rsLtHbI

25%.

Kar

r{ B c71frae

xoAo

pl,

[porrycKHat

CIOCO6HOCTb

J\yIHvtH

rpe6yerCa

B

ABa

pa3a

B6IIIIeT

qeM

11pU

14C11O71b3OBa-

Hr4r,r

npocTefturero

xoAa

NRZ.

KoA

Man.Iecrep-Il

nc[ols3yeTcn

KaK

B 3/\eKTpnqecKnx

xa6ea-sx,

TaK I'I

B onroBo^oKonnrrx

ra6ea-nx

(a noc-

AeAHeM

C^rrae

oAHHypoBeHb

coorBeTcrByeT

orcyrcrBHro

cBeTa'

aApy-

rorl

-

HaLLIaqurc

cBera).

ttlll

',er

+t<--+i<+{<-,

-l

t;l,"iX:L"#il"

ltlll

f'lepeAaaaeMue

AaHHbre

flepeAaeaeuufi

TaKToBbti

curHatl

Aaxxue

s

MaHqecTepcKoM

KOAe

Puc,

8.27,

flpunqnn

Soptuuponauut

MaHqecrepcKoro

KoAa

Eoarruoe

.a,ocTor.rHcTBo

MaHqecTepcKoro

KoAa

-

oTcyTcTBI{e

flocTo-

gnnOfi

COCTaBA.aIOu{efi

g

CHrHaIe

(uOaoaUrry BpeMeHu

ClIrHa71

1OAO)KI{-

rea.sHrrri,

4pyryro

no1oBr4r{y

-

oTpr4rqaTe

sHuri).

3ro

4aeT

Bo3Mo)I(HocTb

431

flarer

430

Pnc.8.26.

I,IcnoarsogaHl,te

roaa

RZ B orIToBoloKoHHbIx

cerflx

[praMeHflrb

lAAs

rar^bBaHnqecKoft

pa3Bff3KH ]rM[y

bcHble

rpancsopua-

Topbr.

flpu

srou

xe

rpe6yercr

.A,o[oAHr{Te

bHoro

r4cTorIHI4Ka

IIHTaHIIS

AJ\r

lrHlrr{

carsu

(xax

B cryrae

ucno^b3oBaHnfl

onTpoHnoii

pasaaaru),

pe3KoyMeHbIIIaeTcfB]\yrfrIlneHu3KoqacToTHbIxIIoMextKoTopbleHe

lpoxoArrT

qepe3

rpanc$oprtlaTop,

erKo

peuaeTcn

npo6aeua

cor^aco-

BaHHfl.

Ecau

xe

oArln

r43

yponneli curHar

a B

MauqecTepcKoM

KoAe

Ho-

aesori

(rax,

naupraMep,

B Cetu

Ethernet),

tO

BelI4rIHHa

nOCtOqHnoIi

cO-

cTaB1rrouleri

s

re.regre

nepeAaqu

6y4er

paBHa [pI,IMepHo

rroAoBHHe

aMrr

r4TyAbI

CI{tHiIAa.

3tO

uOgsOl-feT

AerKO

QuxCtEpoaaTb

CTOAI(HoBe-

Hr{ff

naKeTOB

B

CeT}I

(xOnQaraXr, 6O ATaSUTO)

uO OTKAOHSHI'IIO

BelItqI'IHbI

uocrossttofi

cocraBlslorqetl

sa

yctanoBlenHble

rrpeAierrbl'

Tax

xe

KaK u

B clfrae

xo4,a

RZ,

upl{ MaHrlecrepcKoM

KoAI'IpoBa-

Hr.rr4

oateHL

npocTo

onpeAe

LITb,

HAeT nepeAiaqa

uJ\fi

HeT,

T. e.

AeTeKTI{-

poBarb

3aHrrocrb

cerra

ltlrz, KaK

eule

roBoplr'

o6Hapyxrnaarb

Eecy-

ulyro

qacTory.

fur

3TOrO

AOCTaTOqHO

KOHTpOAT{poBaTb,

npoucxoAllT

Ag

r43MeHeHIde

ClIrHa^a

B

TeqeHHe

6rarosoro

ItHTepBaAa.

O6napyxte-

Hlre

Hecyuleft

.racrorbl

Heo6xo4nuo,

HanpuMep'

44-s

o[peAeleHllx

MOMeHTa

Haqa^a

I{ KOHIIa

[pI4HI{MaeMOro

[aKeTa'

a TaK)I(e

A

'fl

npe-

AorBpaqeHnr

Harrala

flepeAarln

B clfrae

3aHrrocrl'i

ceru

(xorga ue-

peAaqy ocylqecrBlfler

raxofi-to

Apyrofi

a6onenr),

craH4aprnuri

r"ran.recrepcrnrl

KoA

nMeeT

HecKoAbKo

BapuaHToB,

oAr4H

lr3 Koropblx

[oKa3al{

Ha

puc.

8.28,

Maxrecrep-ll

(Bapr4aHr)

Puc' 8.28.

Ko4

Manuec'rep-ll

u

ero

Bapr'IaHT

.A,aHnrrri

KoAr

B or^r,Iql{e

or

KJ\accldqecKoro,

He

3aBrrcI'IT

or

rlepeMe-

Hbr

MecTAByxupoBoAos

xa6elr,

Oco6esso

sroy4o6no

B clr{ae'

Kor-

Aa A^-rI

CBff3Vt

UCnOAb3yeTcg

BHTaf

rrapar

[poBoAa

KoTopori

rrerxo

ne-

pe[yTaTb.

I,lvenno

3ToT

KOA

rrpHMeHreTcr

a o4noi

Ia3 CaMbIX

LI3BeCT-

nsrx

cerefi

Token-Ring

Qupruru

IBM.

Ilpranquu

4aHHoro

KoAa

npocr:

B Haqale

Kat(Aoro

6utonoro

sHrep-

Ba a

curHa^

MeHfleT

ypoBeHb

Ha npoTlrBorroaoxGrsrri

upeAblAyu{eMy,

a

B CepeAnHe

eMHr4qHbrx

(u

rorrrxo eAr.rHr4irHbrx)

6nronux

uHTepBar

oB

ypoBeHb ld3MeHqercfi

eqe

pa3.

Tarru

o6pasou,

B

Harra e

orroeoro

432

nHTepBaLLa

BcerAa

ecTb

rrepexoA,

xoroprrrl

racllo^b3yeTct

li\s

CaMoCI'IH-

xpoHr43arlnu.

Kax

r{ B C^rrae

K^accurlecKoro

KoAa

Manvectep-Il,

B

TTaCTOTHOM

C[eKTpe

rrpl4

3ToM

npI.ICyTCTByIOTABe

qaCTOrU.

IIpr CxO-

pocrn

loM6ur/c

3ro

qacrorbr

10 Mfq

(npn

nocae4oBaTe^bHocrH

oA-

HHx

eAuHLiq:

11111111...)

ra 5

Mfq

(upu

uocae4oBare^buocrl{

oAHrx

no.rrerl:

00000000...)'

Bce

paspa6aTbrBaeMbre

B

rroc^eAHee

BpeMff

KOAbI

upll3Banu

natirll

KoM[poMr,rcc

Me)KAy

rpe6yerrroft

npu

3aAaHHOti

cxopoctl4

nepeAarln

uorrocorl

[ponycKaHrag

xa6eag

rd Bo3MO]r(HocTbIo

caMocl{HxpoHlt3a-

qran.

Paapa6orrrl{Kl4

crpeMflTcq

coxpaHl4Tb

caMocHHxpoHI'I3aIIHro'

Ho

se

qeuofi

AByKparHoro

yBeluqeHrs

norrocbl

rporycKaHnx

[18]'

t{aute

Bcero

M-rr

SToro

B [oToK

rrepeAaBaeMrrx

6nros

Ao6aBltIoT

6uru

cnnxpoHr{3arlur4t

Hanpr.rMep,

oAun

6nt

cHHxpoHI{3arIUra

na

4, 5

zlra

6

nnsopMarlrroHHbrx

6r,rT08

lrrru

ABa

6uta

cunxponusaqrau

na 8

zn$oprrlaqzoHHbrx

6r.rrog.

B

4efi

cranre^bHocTI4

eCe

O6CrOI4t

HeCKOAb-

KO C

O)KHee:

KoArrpoBaHr4e

He cBoALrTCfl

K

flpocToir

scrasre

B

nepeAa-

BaeME

Ie

AaHHbIe

AoroAHI4TeAbHHx

6uroe.

Ipynnn

unSopuaquoHHblx

6uroe

upeo6pasyroTcrr

B rrepeAaBaeMble

IIO CeTLI

rp]mnbl

c

KoAI4rIe-

CTBOM

6ur.os

Ha

oArlrH

u^r4

ABa

6olrure.

flpuerGrux'

ecTecTBeHHO'

OCy-

qecTBAteT

o6parHoe

upeo6pasonaHse,

BOCCTaHaBII,IBaeT

I4CXOAIIbIe

unQopuaqraoHHble

6nrrr'

Tax,

e cerz

FDDI

(cropocrr

repeAaqv

100

M6lrr/c)

npul*renxercn

xoy4b/5b,

xo:roputi

4 ranSoprrraIII4oHHbIX

6r'rra

upeo6pa3yer

s

5 ue-

peAaBaeMbrx

6uros.

IIpu

erou

cr4HxpoHlr3allus

upI4eMHI4Ka

ocyule-

crBl-aerca

oAI'IH

pa3

Ha 4 6ura,

a

He

B Kax(AoM

6r,rre,

xax

B

clyqae

xo4a

Manvecrep-II.

Tpe6yer'raa

uorroca

nporrycKaHI'Ig

yBelnqnBaer-

cff

no

cpaBHeHI,Ilo

c

KoA,oM

NRZ

ue

B

ABa

pa3a' a

ro^bKo

a 1,25

pasa

(r.

e.

cocrael.aer

He

100

Mfq,

a

Bcero

arlrur

62,5

Mfq)'

Ho

rouy

x<e

npr{Hrlr4uy

cTposTcs

r4

Apyrlte

KOAbr,

Hanpl4Mep

5b/6b,

racnorrrsyeurrfr

B-craHAapTnorl

ceru

l00vG-Anyl,AN,

ra,'rr.r

Bb/

I 0b,

ttcuoarsyeurrfr

B cerll

Gigabit

Ethernet'

B cenuenre

IOOBASE-T4

ceru

Fast

Ethernet

l4crob3oBaH

HecKoAbKo

unof

no4511111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111111o4.

Tarrl

upur'reHsIe'rcf

roA

Bb/6T,

EpeAycMarpunaruluf

ua-

pa

Ae/\sl{ylo

[epeAarry

rpex

rpexypcBHeBblx

cI{rHa

OB

uO

TpeM

B}rrbIM

,rupu}4.

3ro

uosso^fleT

AOCTr{trb

CKOpOCTI4

IIepeAaqI{

100

M6r'rr/c

Ha

Ae-

rueBbrx

xa6ea.sx

c

Br4TbrMr4

[apaMr4

KaTeropr,Iu

3,

r.rneroulr'rx

Ilo^ocy

npo-

rrycKaHl4t

Bcero

Attlub

6

Mfq.

flpaa4a,

ero

rpe6yer

6oanuero

pacxoAa

ra6eax

u

yeearaqeHr4fl

KOAr4qeCTBa

IIpUeMHI'IKOB

14

IIepeAaTquKoB.

K touy

x(e

uprlHrll4ulra

bHo

Ba)Ktto,

uto6u

ace

upoaop,a

6arau

o4uoti

4araHbl'

qro-

6u aa4ep:rxl4

cl4rrra^a

B

HIIX

He

pa3J\IlqaAI'Icb

Ha

3aMerHyro

BeArrII{}ry'

I

28 a-zto

433

Bce

ynounuyrble

KoAbI

npeAycMarpl{Balor

HeuocpeAcrBeuHyro

re-

peAa.ry B

cerb

qnQpoaux

4p1gr.-

ur\!r

rpexypoBHeBblx

nptMoyl'olbnblx

r{M[y bcoB.

Anarrorosble

cHrHiIAbI

c

AM,

tIM

ra

OM

Hcnols3ylorcfl

np[I

nepeAaqe

unQopuaquld

no KaHaIAy

c

ysxofi no,rocoft upouycKaHl'rq'

Harrpr4Mep

uo teleQonHblM

AriHHrMr

r{ B oKiIAbHbIx

cerffx

npl{Menfl-

rorcfl

pe,a,Ko

rr3-3a BblcoKoft

caoxcrocrtr

I4

crollMocru

KaK KoAltpyro-

ulero, TaK n

AeKoppyroqero

o6opy4oaaHIax.

8.4.3.

Cnoco6nr

ro.rarnyrarJuvr

4aHrrbrx

FIo4 xorur"ryraqueli

AaHHbrx

rlonuMaercl

ux flepeAaqa,

np]I Koro-

poli

xanaa

flepeAaqu

Mo)r(er

l,Icrrolb3oBarbcfl

nonepeMeHHo

444

o6-

ueua

nHSopr"raquefi

Me)rqa,y

pa3,lr'utIHbIMI{ uyHKTaMH

unQopuaqu

oH-

nori cerr.r

s

or

r,rrrge or cBr3H

qepe3

HeKoMlvryr[pyeMble

KaHiIAbI,

o6H'r-

Ho 3aKpe

rrAeHHbIe 3a

oupeAelenHbrMtt

a6onenraltu.

Pa

gllu.rarcr

cleAyloqve

cuoc o6u

KoMMyraquil

AaHHbIx

:

!

KoMrvryraql,Ifl

KaH.r

on

(circuit

switching);

!

KoMMyraqun

coo6rqeHaft

(message

switching);

.

KoMMyrarlr{ff

naKeros

(packet

switching).

Konxyma4uf,

xano,l.oB

-

o6pasoaaHl{e

HerpepblBHoro

Qasuvec-

KOrO

KaHaAa

lr3 UOC/IeAOBaTeAIHO

COeAI,IH

eHHbIX

OTAeI-bHbIX

rracTKo

B

ceru.

YcranoBleHue

cBfl3I,I

MexAy

l,tcrorrHuKoM

lI aApecatoM

lrpol{3-

B OAr4TCt

nyTeM

no cbIJlKLl

IyHKTOM OTrlpaB.tle

Hr!fl

cl'IrHa/\rr 3H

pylou{

ero

coo6uleHuq,

Koropoe,

nepeMelrlarcb

rro

cerl4

uepeAarlla

AaHHbIx

or

oAuoro

y3la

KoMMyraIlHI{

KaHaAoB

K

ApyroMy

lr 3aHIdMat

upotl4eunue

KaHa

br, upoK aAbIBaeT

nyrb

or lltcroqHl4Ka

K

nyHKTy Ha3Ha'reHLrR.

Sror

nyrr

(cocrasuofi xaHa

)

cocrour

ns

@usu'recKux

KaHarAoB,

lrMeloqux

oAHy

n ry )Ke

cKopocrb

nepeAaqu

AaHHbIx.

06

yctanoa,reHl'Iu

Susu-

IICCKOTO

COEA,I,IHCHHff

}I3

IIYHKTA

HA3HAIIEHI4ff

B I4CTOqHHK

IIOCbIAAETCS

curnaao6patHoli

cBr3LL

3ateu

n3 l,IcrovHnKa

rrepeAaercs

coo6udeHue

IIo

ycTaHoBAeHHoMy rlyrll c oAHoBpeMeHHbtM

Hc[olb3oBaHI4eM

BCeX

o6pasytouqnx

ero KaHaIoB,

Koropble

oKa3blBalorcff

HeAocrynHbrMI{

44.ff

Apyrux

flepeAaq,

[oKa

HcrorIHnK

I{x He ocao6o4rrr,

Or4earHue

yqacrKl,t

cetu

(xana.rr,rr)

coe4IaHnrorcfl

Mex(Ay co6oli

cuequ.r

buoli

annaparypoft

-

xouuyraropaMl{.

C

qerrrro

yaelsrleHl{fl rrponycxHoft

cnoco6Hocru

t*trtutrr

cBl3u

KoM-

Myrarophr,

a raK)Ke

coe.d,rrHflIoudl,Ie

I{x KaHa,rbI

AoAt(HbI

o6ecueqrasarr

Mylbrr{rrleKc}rpoBaHue

a6onegrcrr.rx

KaHaraoB.

B Hacronulee

BpeMf

M-a

My

brI,In eKcI{poBaHHr

a6onenrcKux

Ka-

H€IAOB Lr C[O^b3@fno,rrbruu

:

434

. rracrorgoe

My brurleKcnpoBaHue

(Frequency

Division Multip-

lexing,

FDMI;

I

BpeMeHHoe

My brr{n^eKcr4poBaHue

(Time

Division

Multiplexing,

TDMI.

Kounymaqun

KaHcL

oB Ha ocHoBe

\acmomHoro

MytbmuIweKcupoBct-

nun

(FDM)

6una

paspa6otana

47r-a

terre$onnurx

ceterir

Ho rIpI{MeHt-

ercff

B Hacrorudee

BpeMfl I,I

AAs

Apyrux

cerefi

(xa6enHroe

reAeBI,I,a,e-

uue u4p.).

Pe.reebre crrrHalbr

r{Meror cneKTp

urnpuHoti or

300

fq

4o

20 xfq,

oAHaKo

ocnoBnbre

rapMonnKut

Haxoprcf

B

Arlaua3one

300,..3400

fq.

Taruu

o6pasou,

M-a

KaqecrBennorl

nepeAarlu

peql,I

Mex(AyAByMs co-

6ece4unxauu

AocrarouHo

opraHra3oBarb

KaHiL

.

cBfl3l{

c nolocol;r

[po-

[ycKaHr4fl

3, 1 rfq.

B to :re

BpeMs noloca

upo[ycKauIas

xa6easHrrx

CI,ICTeM,

C OeA,r,IHtrO

UIUX terre

$onHble

KoMMyTaTOpbI

r

cocTaB^geT

coT-

Hrr Kr4lorepq,

qro

no3Bolfler

o6ecne.rurr

oAHoBpeMeHHyrc

nepeAaqy

cnrHir^oB

HecKo^sKlrx

a6oueHroe

MeroAoM

[epeHoca xa;r<Aoro

a6o-

HeHTcKoro

KaHaAa

s cgoli co6crBeuHblft

Bt{

AzanasoH

qacror.

llpunquu

vacroruoro

My brrrrrleKcupoBaHl{r

I4Ntrocrprpyer

puc.

8.29.

Ha axo4u

FDM xouuyraropa

[ocrynaror

trcxoAHble cnrHaabl

or

a6onenroa

reaeSoHnoft

cetu.

a6oxex:ru

a6oxexru

1

2

3

2

3

60

rFu

...

108 x|-tt

Pnc. 8.29. Korrrrrrynuxaqnt

Ha ocuoBe

tlacrorHoro

ynlorneHxff

Kourryrarop

Bbluo;rnser

[epeHoc

qacrorbl

Kilr(Aoro

KaHa a

s

csofi

p;larra3oH

Bt{. Btl-aualra3oH.telr{Tcr

Ha rrolocbl,

Koropble orBopTcl

44-r

a6onenrcKrrx

KaHaIAoB.

tlro6rr

c[eKTpiIAbHbIe

cocraBltrolque

a6o-

HeHTCKT.TX

CUTHarlOB

He CMeIUI4BaIALICb

Me)r(Ay Co6ofi, a6ouenrcKue

Ka-

Ha

br

pa3Aeltror

3alqurHbrM

npoMex(yrKoM

s 900

fq.

B rcaHaae

MetqyApyMs

FDM KoMlvryraropaMl,I

oAHoBpeMeHHo

uepe-

Aarorcff

cr4rrHa^bl

scex

a6oHeHTcKlrx

KaHaloa,

rax4,urri

u3 KoTopblx 3a-

Hr,rMaer cBoro

tro ocy

qacror,

Taxorl KaHiIA

Ha3uBaror

yIriorHeHHbIM.

Buxo4Hofi

KoMMyrarop

BblAerrger

MoAyAr{poBaHHbIe

c

I{rHa bI Ka)K-

4ori

necyrqeft

qacrotrt

H

nepeAaer I{x

Ha

coorBercrByoquti

BbIxoA-

uori xaHaa,

K

KoropoMy

rroAcoeAI{HeH

a6oneHtcxuft

teae$on.

435

B cersx

Ha ocuoBe FDM rouuyrallltl{

upt4HflTo HecKo

}Ko

ypoB-

Hei

)ruaorneHHbrx

KaHa oB:

.

6a3ogaq

rpy[na KaHaAoB

-

nepeutl

ypoBeHb

ynlorHeulIflr

12 a6oHenrcKr.rx KaHaloB,

3aHLtMaroIqHe

rrolocy rurapnnori

48 xfrl

(60

xfq ...

l0B rfq);

.

cyneprpyura

KaHa oB

-

tsTopotl

ypoaeur

)[IAorHeHI{s,

5

6aso-

Bbrx rpynn,

3aHvMaroutrrzx

rolocy

urHpunoti 240 xfq

(312

xfq ..,

552 xfq);

.

rAaBHas rpylna Kar{ar^oB

-rperHfiypoBeHbyrr^ourenua,

10 cy-

ueprpyrrnr 3aur{Marou{Hx

norlocy

qacror

He Mexee 2520 xfq

(564

xfq .., 3084 rfq).

frraanafl rplmra

nepeAaer

4aHuue

600

a6onenros n r4crrolb3yercr

44-a

cB.a3I4

Met(Ay KoMMyraropaMl{

na 6oalrunx

paccrotnr{fl

x.

Kouruyraropu

FDM Moryr BbrnolHflTb KaK

Ar.rHaMr{r{ecKyror

TaK n

IIocTosHHyro KoMMyrarIHro.

IIpn

4Hnann.recrorl

KoMMyrar{rlut oArlH a6oneur

I,IHnqplupyer co-

eAr{Heurie c

Apyrr,rM

a6onenror"rr

fiocbrlar B cerb HoMep

BbI3bIBaeMoro

a6oneHra.

Kor'ruyrarop

BbrAel-ff

er

4annouy

a6oHeHTy oAHy us cao6o4-

Hbrx uo^oc cBoefo

y[AoTHeHHoro KaHaAa.

llpr nocroannoli xor'rtiryrarlur4

ga

a6oneHroM

rroloca n 4 xlq sax-

penl-rrercfl

Ha

4rr'r{TelbHurfi

cpox

[yreM nacrporixlr KoMMyraropa

no

o'rAe^bHoMy

BxoAy.

K o uuy mau,un KaH

ctlo B Ho o c H o B e B

p

e Me H H o

ro

MytbmunAe

Kc up o B o.

-

nun

(TDM

)

oppreHrrapoBaua

Ha

ArrcKperHuti

xapaKrep rrepeAaBaeMblx

AaHHbrx.

Puc. 8.30 loflcHrer upr,rHrlnn KoMMyraqELI

Ha ocHoBe

pa3Ae-

eHHs KaHaIAa

nO BpeMeHH.

I-lzxrr

pa6orrr

o6opy4oaanua

TDM

paeeH

125

Inlxc,

qro

coorBercrBy-

er

rrepnoAy cleAoBaHr{fl

BpeMeHHhIx KaHaioB a

qnQponorrt

a6onentc-

KOM KAHA./|E,

Kax<4oir.ry coeAr4Heur4ro

BbrAel;lerct

qacrb

BpeMeHu

quKla

pa6o-

Tbr aflnaparypbr,

Ha3brBaeMaff TaKx(e

raftv-caorou.

rA4nreasHocrb

rafiu-c.,rora

3aBr,rcr.rr or

qr,rcla

a6oneHrcxux

KaHaI oB, o6cay:ruaae-

Mhrx

MylbrunleKcopoM I4,rH KoMMyraropoM

TDM. Myarrnn.,rexcop

[pr4Hr{Maer unSoprr,raqzrc

uo N BxoAHbIM KaHaAaM

ot a6oneuron,

Koropbre

rrepeAaror

AaHHbre

uo a6onenrcKoMy

KaHaAy co cKopocrbro

64x6ur/c,

t.

e,

1 6afit xax<Aue

125 rttrc. B xax<AoIvr

qLIK

e MyAbrI4-

lrleKcop o6ecne.rl4saer:

.

rrpr4eM or KilKAoro KaHa a oqepeAHol'o

6alira

AaHHbIx;

436

.

cocraBleHne

I43

npuHflTbrx

6alitos

y[lorHeHHoro KaApa'

Ha3bI-

BaeMoro

raK)I(e o6ofiuofr

;

I

uepeAarryy[loTHeHr{oro

KaApa

Ha KaHaI c

6rarosoli cKopocTblo

Nx64

K6urlc.

Ilopa4ox

6afit

s o6oliue

coorBercrByer

HoMepy

BxoAHoro

KaHaAa,

or

Koroporo

sror

6afir

rrol)rqeH.

Kcralr'{ecrso

o6c,tyxcraaaeMblx

MyAb-

Tl,rnleKcopou

a6onentcKrrx

KaHiIAoB

3aBucI'rr

or ero 6ucrpo4etlcraux

(ueprue

MylbrpluleKcopu,

pa6oramulPte rro rexHolorau

TDM

no,44ep-

sxuaatn24sxoAHblx

a6oHeHTcKHx

KaHaaa,

co3AaBaAIiI

Ha BbIxoAe

o6ofi-

Mbr,

repeAaBaeMble

c 6utosori

cKopocrblo

1,544M6ut/c)'

,A,euy,utllu,reKcop

Bblno^Hxet

o6patrryro

3aAarry

-

pas6usae'r

6afi

-

Tbr

ynAoTHeHHOrO

KaApa

I{

pacfipeAe^seT

I4x rIO CBOyM

BbIXOAHbIM

Ka-

HalaM,

npl4 3ToM

oH cql'ITaer'

rITo

rloprAKorrul

nouep 6arira

a o6ofiNle

coorBeTCTByeT

HoMepy

BbIxoAHOTO

KaHa

a.

Coeauxexne

2

-

1

z

N

L----J

SyOePHae

naMcrb

Pnc. 8.30.

Kottluyraqir.a

Ha ocHoBe

pa3AeleHufl KaHaia

no BpeMeHlr

Kournryrarop

npLIHHMaer

yrIAoTHeHHrrri

xa4p

no cKopocrHoMy

Ka-

Ha

y

or

Mylbrl{nleKcopa

I4 3arllacblBaer

ralx4alft

6aftt

ug

Hero

B or-

AelbHyro

aveirxy

csoeli

6ySepHofi

rIaMflTI'Ir

rtpl4qeM

B ToM

rlopsAKe'

B KoropoM

grla

6allrbl

6uau

yuaxoBanbl

B

ynlornenHsrfi

xa4p'

praa

arr-

uo^HeHr{rr

oneparlr{Lr

KoMMyTarInz

6afiru

H3B^eKaroTcr

raa 6yQepHofi

flaMflTr,r

He B

rropflAKe

rrocTynleHr{fl,

a B TaKOM

nopflAKe,

xotopr'rfi

co-

oTBeTCTByeT

[oMep)KHBaeMhrM

B ceTr4

coeA]rHenr{fl

tvr a6onenros.

437

Акулов О.А., Медведев Н.В. Информатика. Базовый курс

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.