Layer E., Tomczyk K. (editors) Measurements, Modelling and Simulation of Dynamic Systems
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Index
Accelerometer
piezoelectric 56, 57, 58, 59
Algorithm
genetic 134, 135, 138, 139
least-square 101, 124
Levenberg-Marquardt 111, 112, 113
Monte Carlo 84, 123
Bridge
asymmetrical 50
full 30, 32, 33, 34, 49
half 3, 30, 33, 34, 49, 53
Maxwell 41
Maxwell-Wien 41
strain gauge 30
Characteristic
accelerometer 53
frequency 4, 52, 53, 54, 55, 113, 114
integrator 19
linear 19
net 106
phase 27
sharp cut-off 4
step 106
system 47
vibrometer 54, 55
Chromosom 135, 136, 137, 138
Circuit
basic 49, 51
bridge 3, 30, 31, 41, 43, 49
diagram 57
electric 3, 40, 46
inductance 40
iron 44
isolated 3
logic 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 25
magnetic 40, 44
matching 3
measuring 3, 30, 49, 57
sample-and-hold 8, 9, 11, 24
thermocouple 46
Coefficient
adaptation 136
constant 63, 74
dumping 52
fit 121, 122
heat transfer 48
loss 41
scaling 136
successive 67
Code
binary 7, 10, 11, 25, 59, 60, 61
Gray 6, 11, 12, 59, 60
natural 6
temperature 11, 12
transmitted 27
Comparator
non-inverting 11
Constrain
magnitude 128, 129, 130, 131, 134,
140, 142, 144
rate of change 129, 130, 134, 148
Covariance 79, 80, 81
Conversion
A/D 10, 17, 28
D/A 24, 25, 26
Converter
A/D 5, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18,
19, 20, 22, 24, 27
D/A 12, 13, 22, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28
delta sigma 22, 23
follow-up 16
integrating 17, 18, 19, 20
ladder 26
Index
152
staircase-ramp 14
weighted 25
with parallel comparison 10
with successive approximation 12, 13
with uniform compensation 14
Convolution 140
Cycle
conversion 17, 21
iterative 135
measuring 13, 16, 17, 18, 20
Demultiplexer
analogue 8
digital 7
Detector 46, 59, 60, 61, 62, 136, 137, 138
Diaphragm
circular 35, 36
pressure gauge 35, 36, 38
sag 39
steel 35
Displacement
absolute 52
armature 44
linear 3, 44
magnitude 75
mass 51, 52
phase 75, 78
Distribution
normal 78
spectral 127
uniform 123
Equation
differential 51, 63
discrete 78
flux density 42
heat balance 47
Kalman 80
linear 84
matrix 98, 103, 112
parametric 108
state 79, 83, 103, 127, 128
system 85, 87, 91, 101, 131, 133
updating 80, 81
Error
absolute 140
aliasing 3, 4
approximation 111
covariance 80, 81
estimate 79, 123
integral-square 127, 128, 131, 134, 136,
139
mapping 127, 148
maximum 59
mean-square 81, 113
measurement 79
model 124
state 79
total 69, 70, 71, 136
Estimator
state 79
variance 78
Filter
analogue 4
anti-aliasing 3, 4, 5
Butterworth 4
digital 27
finite-impulse response 27, 28
infinite-impulse response 28
Kalman 63, 78, 79, 80, 81
low-pass 4
reconstruction 26, 27
Tchebychev 4
Frequency
characteristic 4, 27, 52, 53, 54, 55, 113,
114
cut-off 4
Nyquist 3
resonance 53
sampling 5
undamped natural 52
Function
arxstruc 122
“bang-bang” 142
cardinal 85, 88, 94
compare 121
cubic 99, 100
diaphragm radius 37
dtrend 119
Gamma Euler 107
Laplace transfer 51, 52, 54, 83, 103
orthogonal 88
output 119, 120, 121
present 121
runif 123
th 121
trend 119
weight 64, 65, 72, 74, 88, 89, 90, 95
weighted mean 63, 64, 65, 67
Index
153
Identification
black-box 84, 115, 117
experiment 117
Levenberg-Marguardt 111
net 106, 107, 108, 109, 110
non-parametric 105
parametric 106
process 118
standard net 106, 107, 108, 109, 110
system 117
toolbox 117, 118
Lead wire
effect 33
leakance 57
resistance 33, 50
Maclaurin 67, 68, 70, 83, 102, 104, 105
Matrix
covariance 80, 81
detector 59
gain 81
input 78
Jacobian 111
output 78
state 78
transmission 78
triangular 88
unit 111
Vandermonde 85
Measurement
acceleration 52
angular 59
capacitance 40
data 83, 109, 113, 115, 116
displacement 40, 44
error 79
force 34
pressure 3, 35, 38
process 14
signal 63
temperature 45, 46, 47, 49, 51
torque 35
velocity 55
vibration 51
Measuring
channel 3
circuit 3, 30, 49, 57
cycle 13, 16, 17, 18, 20
data 88, 92, 101, 124
point 84, 86, 88, 90, 92, 93, 95, 96, 101,
123, 124
signal 17, 20, 22
strain 33
system 1, 2, 3, 5, 43, 47, 57, 58, 110,
113, 114, 117, 118, 123
Method
approximation 83
black-box 117
cubic spline 95
finite difference 106
Gauss-Newton 111, 112
identification 105
iterative 111
Kalman filter 63, 78
least square 121
least-square approximation 101, 102
least square estimation 124
Monte-Carlo 84, 123
noise reduction 63
optimization 83, 111
roulette wheel 136
standard net 83, 106
steepest descent 111, 112
successive approximation 12
uniform compensation 15
weighted mean 63, 64, 78
Model
AR 117
ARMAX 117
ARX 115, 116, 117, 121
Box-Jenkins 117
development 1, 83, 105
discrete 84, 115
error 124
linear 111
mathematical 1, 127
non-linear 113
object 106
parametric 115
predicted 111
seismic sensor 51
Strejc 106
verification 119, 121, 122
Moment
dumping 51
elasticity 51
inertia 51
switching 130, 141, 142, 145
torsion 35
Multiplexer
Index
154
analogue 8
digital 6
Noise
reduction 63, 64, 65, 72, 78
vector 78
white 79, 115, 117
Operation
bidirectional 7
crossing 135, 138
mathematical 27
mutation 135, 138, 139
reproduction 135, 136
sample-and-hold 9
thermocouple 46
Overlap 3
Polynomial
coefficient 98
cubic 95, 96
Hermite 85, 93, 94, 95, 101
interpolating 85
Lagrange 84
Legendre 85, 90, 91, 92, 93, 101
orthogonal 88, 89, 90, 95
Tchebychev 85, 86, 87, 88, 89
Population 135, 136, 139
Prediction 79, 80
Program
LabVIEW 83, 106, 113
Maple 106
MathCad 106
MATLAB 84, 106, 117
Register 13, 14, 24, 25, 26, 28
Response
impulse 148
step 106, 107, 108, 109, 148
Sensor
accelerometer 51
binary coded 59, 60
capacitive 38, 40, 57
inductive 40, 41, 43, 44
piezoelectric 56, 57, 58, 59
seismic 51
strain gauge 29
temperature 45, 47
quartz 56
vibrometer 53
Signal
“bang-bang” 130, 131, 142, 148
clock generator 12, 13
distortion 67
measured 3, 63
processor 27
trapezoid 127, 130
triangular 129, 130, 144
weighted mean 65, 67, 72
Spline
cubic runout 96, 98
natural 98, 99
parabolic runout 96, 98, 99, 100
Strain
radial 35, 36
tangential 35, 36, 37
Stress
radial 35, 36
tangential 35, 36
System
adder 22
control 3, 13, 16, 17, 18, 20, 27, 28
formatting 24, 60
high-pass 54
main 23
measuring 1, 2, 3, 5, 43, 44, 47, 57, 58,
110, 117, 118, 123
strain gauge 33
third-order 114
Temperature
code 11, 12
compensation 31, 32
detector 46
measurement 45, 46, 47, 49, 51
sensor 45, 47
Theorem
Shannon 5
signal availability 127
signal existence 127
Transducer
binary-coded 61
piezoelectric 58
Value
absolute 39, 127, 140
frequency 53
initial 81, 112, 113, 121
Index
155
integral square error 136, 139
maximum 6, 31, 53, 64, 65, 71, 127,
131, 134, 139
peak-to-peak 7
real 80
relative 39
Vector
error 80
input signal 78
noise 78
state 78, 80, 81
Window
Nuttall 63, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 71, 72,
74, 75, 76, 78
triangular 65, 66, 70, 71, 72, 74, 75, 77