Index
functions and purpose of 124
legal-administrative controls 246, 247
ministerial government system 399, 432–4
and nature of autocracy 442–6
and need for first minister 441, 443
policy-making 429, 431
in ministerial system 432
reaction to 1905 anarchy 647
relations with local administration 450,
451–2
subordinate organs system 430–2
supreme organs (verkhovnye organy) 435–41,
448
and workers
attempts to appease 625–7, 631–2
commissions on factory legislation 622
reaction to strikes 622–3
see also autocracy; bureaucracy;
Chancellery; Council of Ministers;
ministries; State Council; state
finances
governors
Nizhnii Novgorod 275
and provincial assemblies 257, 275, 460
relations with local officials 454–5, 466
role in urban affairs 458
and zemstvo assemblies 453–4, 464
governors-general, drawn from
aristocracy 235
Grabczewski, Bronisaw 180
gra¸in
exports 400, 411,
416, 421
requisitions by state 391, 484
shortages in First World War 661, 669
trade 268, 423
see also bread
Granovskii, Timofei Nikolaevich, historian
and Westerniser 128
grazhdanstvennost’ (framework of civil
order) 56
Great Apostasy (1866) 217
Great Britain 18
and American War of Independence 511
and Anglo-Russian Convention (1907) 569
and Armed Neutrality 518, 519
English aristocracy and gentry 228, 232, 243
export of textile machinery 618
financial support to Russia 398, 419
and Great Northern War 499
naval power 13, 17, 575
and Poland 556
policy towards Russia 13, 18, 560
and Prussia 506
rivalry with France 13, 522
and Russian threat to India 40, 541, 555, 557,
562–3
and Russo-Turkish War (1878) 565
and Second Coalition 516, 517
and Third Coalition 523, 524, 525
trade with 399, 423, 493, 501
and Treaty of Reichenbach 527
see also British Empire
‘Great Game’ 18, 563, 569
Great Northern War (with Sweden)
(1700–21) 45, 69, 117, 168, 495–9, 531
declaration of 489
effect on commerce and industry 394
Mecklenburg Plan 499
Peter’s justification of 496–8
Russian casualties 537
Treaty of Nystad (1721) 499
Great Reforms, under Alexander II 37, 97, 101
and 1905 Revolution 613
aims of reformers 597, 599–602, 608
and bureaucracy 433, 447
and Church 287, 295
and counter-reforms 288, 318, 409, 615
and economic policy 405, 597
Editing Commissions 600–2, 604, 607
and land reforms 604–5
effect on political debate 130
General Memorandum (1860) 607
ideology and programme of 599–608
and Islam 203
and land reform 603–6
and later reform programme 612–13, 615
loss of momentum 609–10
Nizhnii Novgorod 275, 275n.43
and provincial assemblies 257
the reformers 597–8, 614
rise of merchant class 101
role of Peace Mediators 602, 611
as ‘watershed’ 593–4, 614
see also serfs, emancipation; zemstvo
assemblies
Gredeskul, Nikolai, Kadet jurist 651
Greece
and Catherine the Great’s ‘Greek
Project’ 146, 512–13, 514
war of independence (1820s) 126, 557, 559
Grenville, Lord 525
Grodekov, General N. I. 212
Gross-J
¨
agersdorf, battle of (1757) 506
Grotius, Hugo 117
Gruzinskii, Prince, marshal of nobility in
Nizhnii Novgorod 273, 273n.31
727
© Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-81529-1 - The Cambridge History of Russia, Volume II: Imperial Russia,
1689-1917
Edited by Dominic Lieven
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