As to their structure adverbs are divided into:
(1) Simple adverbs (long, enough, then, there etc.);
(2) Derivative adverbs (slowly, likewise) forward, headlong etc.); (The most productive adverb-forming suffix is -ly. There
are also some other suffixes: -wards, -ward, -long, -wise.)
(3) Compound adverbs (anyhow, sometimes, nowhere etc.);
(4) Composite adverbs (at once, at last etc.).
Some adverbs have degrees of comparison.
(a) If the adverb is a word of one syllable, the comparative degree is formed by adding -er and the superlative by adding -est.
fast — faster — fastest
hard — harder — hardest
(b) Adverbs ending in -ly form the comparative by means of more and the superlative by means of most.
wisely — more wisely — most wisely
beautifully—more beautifully—most beautifully
(c) Some adverbs have irregular forms of comparison:
well —better—best
badly — worse —- worst
much — more — most
little — less — least
According to their meaning adverbs fall under several groups:
(1) Adverbs of time (today, to-morrow, soon etc.);
(2) Adverbs of repetition or frequency (often, seldom, ever, never, sometimes etc.);
(3) Adverbs of place and direction (inside, outside, here, there, backward, upstairs etc.);
(4) Adverbs of cause and consequence (therefore, consequently, accordingly etc.);
(5) Adverbs of manner (kindly, quickly, hard etc.);
(6) Adverbs of degree, measure and quantity (very, enough, half, too, nearly, almost, much, little, hardly, rather,
exceedingly, quite, once, twice, firstly, secondly etc.).
Three groups of adverbs stand aside: interrogative, relative and conjunctive adverbs.
Interrogative adverbs (where, when, why, how) are used in special questions.
Conjunctive and relative adverbs are used to introduce subordinate clauses.
1. Adverbs of time – yesterday, then, yet, now, today, tomorrow, etc. – are placed at the end of the sentence or at
the very beginning of it.
I went to the theatre yesterday. Yesterday I went to the theatre.
2. Adverbs of repetition and frequency – often, never, seldom, sometimes, usually, still etc. - precede the principal
verb.
They never do this. He often goes there.
3. Adverbs of manner – kindly, badly, well, etc. and of place – here, there etc. – are usually placed after the direct
object or after the verb.
Mr. Black’s wife plays the piano well.
4. If an adverb of time and an adverb of place are used together the latter precedes the former.
I’ll go there tomorrow.
5. Adverbs of degree (almost, nearly, quite, just, too, very etc.) are generally placed before adjectives or other
adverbs.
I find him very clever. We know him quite well.
26. Verb is a part of speech, which denotes an action (run, play) or a state (love, seem). The verb has the following
grammatical categories: person, number, tense, aspect, voice and mood.
According to their morphological structure verbs are divided into:
a) simple (read, live, hide, speak),
b) derived, i. e. having affixes (magnify, fertilize, captivate, undo, decompose),
c) compound, i. e. consisting of two stems (daydream, browbeat),
d) composite, consisting of a verb and a postposition of adverbial origin (sit down, go away, give up).
The basic forms of the verb in Modern English are; the Infinitive, the Past Indefinite and Participle II: to speak—-spoke—
spoken.
According to the way in which the Past Indefinite and Participle II are formed, verbs are divided into three groups: regular
verbs, irregular verbs, and mixed verbs.
1. Regular verbs. They form the Past Indefinite and Participle II by adding -ed to the stem of the verb, or only -d if the stem
of the verb ends in
-e.
to want—wanted
to unite—united
to open—opened