27
ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ.
ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ, ɥɢɞɢɪɭɸɳɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɜ ɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɬɨɞɚɯ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɦɟɬɨɞ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɵɣ ɜ
ɦɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨ-ɜɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɚɯ (ɉȼɄ) ɞɥɹ ɉɄ, ɜ
ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɜ ɉȼɄ SCAD, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ.
Ɋɚɫɱɟɬɱɢɤɭ-ɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɸ ɉɄ ɢ ɉȼɄ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɢ
ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɨɜ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ
ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɢ ɆɄɗ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ.
Ɉɡɧɚɤɨɦɥɟɧɢɟ ɫ ɆɄɗ ɜ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɟɬɫɹ ɫ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɟɝɨ ɢɞɟɢ ɢ
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ.
2.5. ɂɞɟɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ
ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ ɆɄɗ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ
ɍɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɂɋɎ ɋɉɛȽɉɍ ɭɠɟ ɢɡɜɟɫɬɧɚ ɢɞɟɹ ɆɄɗ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ
ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɦ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɦ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ
ɦɟɯɚɧɢɤɢ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ [3–5].
ɂɞɟɹ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ
ɆɄɗ ɜ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɦɟɬɨɞɚ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɟɧɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɨɝɢɱɧɚ ɢɞɟɟ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɟɪɠɧɟɜɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ:
1. ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɦɨɟ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɟ ɬɟɥɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɟ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ (Ʉɗ). ȼ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɭɩɪɭɝɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ
ɱɟɬɵɪɟɯɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ (ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɩɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ) ɢ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ
[1, 6 – 8]. ȼɢɞ ɷɬɢɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɟɧ ɜ ɩɨɞɪɚɡɞɟɥɟ 2.6 ɭɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɹ.
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ, ɜɵɛɨɪɚ
ɬɢɩɨɜ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɫɱɟɬɚ ɢ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɚɰɢɢ ɨ ɪɚɡɛɢɜɤɟ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɧɚ Ʉɗ ɢ ɢɯ
ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɨɥɶ ɨɛɲɢɪɧɵ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɵ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ
ɧɟɛɨɥɶɲɨɦ ɩɨ ɨɛɴɟɦɭ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ. Ⱦɥɹ ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɷɬɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ
ɭɱɚɳɟɦɭɫɹ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶɫɹ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɤ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɦ [7 – 8].
ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɍɆɄ ɞɥɹ ɢɥɥɸɫɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɢɞɟɢ ɆɄɗ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ
Ɍɍ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɦɟɪ.
ɉɪɢɦɟɪ 1. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɟ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɨɟ ɬɟɥɨ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɳɟɟɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɣ
ɞɟɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɪɚɡɛɢɬɨ ɧɚ ɱɟɬɵɪɟ, ɲɟɫɬɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɢ ɫɬɨ ɬɪɟɭɝɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ (Ɋɢɫ. 2.4).
ɇɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɨɣ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ
ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɪɚɡɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɣ. ɇɚ ɪɢɫ. 2.4
ɩɨɤɚɡɚɧɚ ɧɭɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ ɭɡɥɨɜ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɩɟɪɜɵɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɛɢɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ,
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɨɣ SCAD.
Ɍɟɥɨ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɟ ɨɫɟɣ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬ. ȼ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɷɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɧɨ ɬɚɤ,
ɱɬɨ ɫɪɟɞɢɧɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɫɤɨɫɬɶ ɩɥɚɫɬɢɧɵ ɟɞɢɧɢɱɧɨɣ ɬɨɥɳɢɧɵ ɫɨɜɦɟɳɟɧɚ ɫ ɤɨɨɪɞɢɧɚɬɧɨɣ