530 Subject Index
sparking rate, 202
test facility, 201
spark
high-energy ignition unit, 190–191
surface discharge igniter, 191–195
torch igniter, 195–196
Ignition theory
gaseous mixtures
highly turbulent mixtures, 55–56
low-turbulence, 55
minimum ignition energy, 56
quenching distance, 55
turbulence intensity, 56
heterogeneous mixtures, 56
propane–air mixtures
inuence of turbulence intensity
on, 58
propane, pressure and oxygen
concentration, inuence of, 58
quiescent and owing mixtures,
relationship between, 57
Impingement cooling, 331, 342–343
Indirect combustion noise, 293
Industrial chambers, 28
Industrial combustor
aeroderivative engines, 31–32
by General Electric, 29
liner construction, 29–30
single tubular combustor, 30
Initial jet angle, 123–124
Integrated gasication combined cycle
(IGCC) plants, 443
Intermediate zone, 16–17
Internal convection, 322–323
Internal ow characteristics, 266
Internal-mixing conguration, 242
Internal radiation
from luminous gases, 320
from nonluminous gases, 318–320
International Civil Aviation
Organization (ICAO)
regulations for civil subsonic
turbojet/turbofan engines, 362
smoke emissions standards, 363
standards for gaseous emissions, 362
Isooctane fuel
water-fuel and equivalent pressure
ratio, relationship between, 172
Iso-parafnic kerosine (IPK), 463
J
Jet
initial jet angle, 123–124
mixing
annular ducts, 133
cylindrical ducts, 129–131
inuence of density ratio, 132
rate of, 129
rectangular ducts, 131
plain-jet airblast, 243–244
and sheet breakup, 223
fuel jets, 223–226
fuel sheets, 226–227
trajectories
congurations, 126–128
in crossow representation, 125
penetration data, 125–126
single jets, experiments on,
124–126
Jet Fuel Thermal Oxidation Tester
(JFTOT), 450
Jumo 004 tubular combustor, 5–6
K
Kerosine (JP4/5)
adiabatic temperature rise curves
for, 72
evaporation rate curves in, 50
Kidney-shaped prole, 124
Kinetic-energy coefcient of
diffuser, 86
L
LAER, see Lowest available emission
rate (LAER)
Lamilloy, 345
Laminar diffusion ames, 42–43
Laminar premixed ames
factors inuencing
equivalence ratio, 41–42
initial temperature, 42
pressure, 42
Landing-takeoff cycle (LTO), 362
Laser ignition, 197–198
Laser-induced spark (LIS) ignition, 198
Lean premixed (LPM) combustor, 304