Noonan Barry J., Steves Howard K. The performance of small arms ammunition when fired into water

(Нунан Барри Дж., Стевс Говард К. Эффективность стрельбы из стрелкового оружия в воду.) Scientific report. - White Oak, Maryland: US Naval Ordnance Laboratory. 1970. – 28 p. Standard small arms ammunition was tested by firing into water from air. The test results show this ammunition to be relatively ineffective in water, having a lethal slant range of 1.5 feet. By proper design of the projectile, staying within the restrictions for standard ammunition, the lethal slant range can be increased to about 8 feet.