ANGLO-AMERICAN RELATIONS
a
religious
civil war.
Hangings, burnings,
shootings,
the massacre
of
priests,
and
brutality
of
all
sorts
were the order
of
the
day.
The
new
Lord-Lieutenant,
Lord
Cornwallis,
admitted
himself
power-
less.
The
situation
was
intolerable,
but the
Irish
Parliament,
though
it did
not
represent
the
Irish
people,
could be
bought
for
cash.
In
1799
the
erstwhile
reformer
Pitt,
through
Lord
Castlereagh,
by
the
grant
of
peerages,
the
dispensing
of
patronage,
and
paying
i,-
200,000
for
the
seats of
rotten
boroughs,
secured control
and
took
what
he
considered
the
easy way
out of the
difficulty
by
abolishing
the
Irish
Parliament
entirely,
and
by
an
Act
of
Union
(
1
800)
gov-
erning
both
countries
through
the
one
Parliament
at
Westminster*
From
January
i,
1
801,
the
"United
Kingdom"
included
Wales,
England,
Scotland and
Ireland,
but
although
Wales,
long
since,
and
Scotland more
recently,
became
united
in
feeling,
Ireland
was
not and
may
never
be. It
remains
even
today England's
great
fail-
ure to
govern
and
to conciliate.
It
is
not
possible
to
say
how
much
of
the
failure is
due
to
the faults of
either nation.
One
thinks
of
Lord
Cromer's
remark
that the kind of
leadership
which
England
can furnish is successful
and
magnificent
for races of
a
low
order
of
civilization
but decreases
as
the
governed
rise
in
education
and
intellect.
This
seems to
be
borne out
in
India
and
elsewhere
but is
certainly
not
in
Wales
or
Scotland.
England's
complete,
terrible
and cruel
failure
in
Ireland
is
an
unique
problem
and
could
fill a
lengthy
study
by
itself.
However
that
may
be,
the
rising
sun
of a better
day
which
Pitt had
attempted
to
bring
to
full
noon
with his free
trade between the
two
coun-
tries,
had
been
completely
obscured
by
the
storm clouds which
were
to emit
their
thunders
and
lightnings
until
the
very
present.
II. ANGLO-AMERICAN RELATIONS
If it is
hard to
understand
the continued
misgovernment
of
Ire-
land
century
after
century,
it is
perhaps
easier to
comprehend
the
mismanagement
in
these
years
of
the
problem
opened
by
the suc-
cessful
revolt of the
American
colonies,
unfortunate
as
its effects
were for
long
to
be.
England
at the end of the
eighteenth
century
was
not
the
England
of
the
twentieth,
but
if
she
could
have
shown
37