Болсуновская Л.М., Абрамова Р.Н., Матвеенко И.А. (ред.) Petroleum engineering. Teachers book. Нефтегазовое дело. Книга для учителя
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5. Was outsourcing strategy an efficient measure? – Outsourcing was its
most spectacular strategy.
6. What is the logic of this strategy? – The logic of outsourcing is that by
shedding assets companies can concentrate on the interesting work.
Employees are remotivated to develop product or services, discover
solutions and be innovators or supply chain integrators.
Exercise 11. Put the sentences in the logical order.
A___ In the 1970s the British economist E. F. Schumacher coined the
phrase "small is beautiful.
B___ Schumacher was largely ignored outside Europe
C___ Yet the IBM staff still believed that creative, structural solutions
would save the day.
D___ Outsourcing was its most spectacular strategy.
E___ First, by outsourcing manufacturing IBM made possible a massive
strategic shift.
F___ They rightly question the general assumption that outsourcing is
always best.
G___ Small in this sense is beautiful.
Exercise 12. Match up the words and definitions.
1) economies of scale;
h) spread over a great distance;
2) to erode;
e) to wear or to be worn away gradually, esp. by
slow action of water, wind, etc.;
3) deviance;
a) something that is different from what is
socially acceptable;
4) exponent;
b) a person who expresses support, performs, or
is an example of a stated thing;
5) outsourcing;
f) if a company, organization, etc. employs
another company to do a part of its contract;
6) to outperform;
d) to perform better than anyone else;
7) far-flung;
c) the advantages that a big factory, shop, etc.
has over a smaller one because it can spread its
fixed costs over a larger number of units and
therefore produce or sell things more cheaply;
8) ambiguity.
g) a situation, when there is more than one
possible meaning or interpretation; unclear.
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Exercise 13. Translate into English.
Essence and structure of production costs
Production of any good is connected with definite costs. Material
resources costs, monetary funds’ costs, which producers incur on goods
production, are called production costs.
As in market economics the main aim of producer is to gain profit,
production costs, as one of its restraint, is always at the center of
producer’s attention.
One should distinguish the following production costs:
a) Direct and indirect;
b) External and internal;
c) Fixed and variable;
d) Short-term and long-term.
Direct costs are costs on output of products, which producer incurs.
In economic theory they are called “cost price”.
They are composed of the following elements at the factories with hired
workforce:
• Raw material and basic and subsidiary materials;
• Fuel and energy;
• Amortization;
• Salary and payments to social insurance;
• Other costs.
State incurs indirect costs on output of production. These are costs on
education, medicine, sport (financing by state) and etc. As a rule, these
costs provide workforce production on qualitatively new basis and create
conditions for normal production functioning. The main source of
cancellation of these costs is surplus produce, incurred by the state in the
form of taxes and obligatory payment. That is why it is not prime cost to
be primary in goods and services price, but social costs on output of
production.
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UNIT 7
BUSINESS PLAN
Lead-in. Elicits the ideas from the students as they suggest things connected
with Business plan, its organization, functions, make collective mind map on
the board as the ideas are suggested, so that they can see how T. draws out
the aspects of the topic.
The next stage in this procedure is discussing of Business plan usage and
benefit. T. May divide Ss into groups and discussion can be organized.
This activity will prepare Ss to work with the topic of the Unit 7.
Exercise 1. Read the text and comment on the principles of a Business Plan.
While reading, help Ss with difficult extracts explaining and translating
some words, if necessary. Ask to read and translate different Ss.
Exercise 2. Study the example of the Engineering Consulting Business
Plan.
Exercise 3. Using the information from Business Plan fulfill the following
tasks.
1. Create a company and imagine the sphere of your business. Make a
business plan summary pointing out the principles of your activity and
urgency of your business.
It is important to indicate the main point in the Business plan structure,
and to highlight the variation of structure, depending on the company’s
features.
2. Make a Power Point presentation of your business plan.
Make sure, Ss are aware of Power Point techniques (if not – give some
tips), specialize the presentation size.
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UNIT 8
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS ETIQUETTE AND ETHICS
Lead-in. Elicits the ideas from the students as they suggest things connected
with International business etiquette and ethics, make collective mind map
(spidergram) on the board as the ideas are suggested, so that they can see
how T. draws out the aspects of the topic. Discuss each point in detail.
Ask Ss to give examples of business etiquette they are familiar with, ask
about the difference between polite and rude behaviour. This activity will
prepare Ss to work with the topic of the Unit 8.
Exercise 1. Read the text and fulfill the exercises.
Start reading and translating the text, ask different Ss to read short
paragraph.
Exercise 2. Answer the following questions.
1. What is business etiquette? – It is in essence about building
relationships with people and a means of maximizing your business
potential.
2. What role does a comfort zone play? – If you feel comfortable around
someone and vice versa, better communication and mutual trust will
develop. This comfort zone is realized through presenting yourself
effectively.
3. What are the things round which the business etiquette revolves? –
Firstly, thoughtful consideration of the interests and feelings of others
and secondly, minimizing misunderstandings. Both are dependent
upon self conduct. Business etiquette polishes this conduct.
4. Is it necessary to concentrate deeply on business etiquette? – Business
etiquette varies from region to region and country to country. For the
international business person, focusing too deeply on international
business etiquette would leave no time for business.
5. What are the main principles of business etiquette? – They are
concentrated on the following fields: Behaviour, Honesty, Character.
Sensitivity, Diplomacy, Appearance.
6. Among all the principles, what do you think is the major one? Why?
Ss give they own example and opinion.
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Exercise 3. Match synonyms in columns A and B.
1. in essence
b) basis
2. vice versa
a) on the contrary
3. to revolve
f) to circle
4. pillar
d) in the main
5. uncouth
g) strange
6. trait
e) characteristic feature
7. integrity
j) honesty
8. arrogant
c) self sure
9. astray
i) lost
10. prosper
h) develop
Exercise 4. Translate the following sentences into English.
1. Бизнес этикет поможет вам избежать непонимания и ложной
интерпретации некоторых вопросов, а так же заложит основу
прочным партнёрским взаимоотношениям. – By avoiding
misunderstandings and misinterpretations through business etiquette
you lay foundations for a strong business relationship.
2. Для увеличения потенциала развития вашего бизнеса, просто
необходимо владеть основами бизнес этикета. – To increase
potential of your business development you just have to know
etiquettes basics.
3. Избежание бессмысленных слов и действий защитит вас от
негативных последствий. – Avoiding thoughtless words and actions
protects you from negative consequences.
4. Бизнес этикет учит вас, как выгодно представить себя и чего
избегать. – Business etiquette teaches you how to suitably present
yourself and what to avoid.
5. Ваш характер отражает то, что вы как личность привнесёте в
бизнес. – Your character refers to what you as an individual bring to
the business table.
Exercise 5. Talking point.
Listen to each S very carefully and comment on speech and behavior
mistakes, if there were any.
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Exercise 6. Watch the film “Guide to International Business Etiquette” and
do the quiz.
Choose the right variant (sometimes several variants are possible):
1. Good first impression includes communicating well and
a) understanding the protocols of business
b) knowing foreign languages
c) being a well-paid person.
2. Every culture has it’s own way of
a) making money
b) doing business
c) making conversation
3. Always say good bye
a) when leaving the room
b) to every person you met
c) if you said hello to somebody.
4. According to the video “People are most valuable resource because…
a) help reach your goals,
b) are easily motivated
c) become your friends , customers , employers, suppliers
5. Standing straight makes you feel
a) healthier
b) happier
c) more power
6. Slouching Poor Eye contact , crossing arms are
a) negative signals
b) impolite behavior
c) poor education
7. Introduction is started from
a) the first person you see
b) the closest person to you
c) the most important person
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8. Why should you hold a glass of red wine by the bottom
a) because it is the most comfortable way
b) not to spill the wine
c) because it is better when it is warm
9. What are tree things to remember when starting a small talk
a) find out the commonalities
b) ask names
c) complimenting
10.Why a business card should be given with the right hand?
a) because most persons are right-handed
b) because it is a hand of respect in most cultures
c) because it is very polite
Exercise 7. Read the text.
Start reading and translating the text, ask different Ss to read short
paragraph.
Exercise 8. Read the explanations of the words and try to guess the
translation.
sue (smb for
smth) (v)
to make a legal claim, especially
for an amount of money, because
of some loss or damage that one
has suffered
преследовать
charge (with)
(v)
to bring an especially criminal
charge against; accuse
обвинять,
осуждать
kickback -
(slang)
money paid, usually secretly or
dishonestly, to someone in return
for doing something
отстегивать,
давать откат
bribe (n)
something especially money,
offered or given in bribing
взятка
illicit (adj)
(done) against a law or a rule
незаконный
embezzle (v)
to steal (money that is placed in
one's care)
проматывать,
растрачивать
forbid (v)
to refuse to allow; command
against, especially officially or
запрещать
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with the right to be obeyed
govern (v)
to control and direct the affairs
управлять
conceal (v)
to hide; keep from being seen or
known
скрывать
penalize (v)
to punish for breaking a law or
rule
наказывать,
карать законом
hazardous (adj)
(especially of an activity) which
contains risks or danger
опасный,
рискованный
weed smb/smth
out (phr v)
to get rid of (people or things of
unacceptable quality) in order to
improve smth.
очищать,
отбирать
Exercise 9. Complete the sentences using the active vocabulary.
1. She was to be included in the investigation for accepting a bribe
2. The new tax laws weed out people who earn less than $ 7,000 a year.
3. The manager embezzles $ 1,000 from the bank where he worked.
4. He was penalized for the robbery.
5. If you do not return our property we will sue for you
6. The country was governed by a small elite of military officers.
7. They were convicted of racketeering and were ordered to repay $ 100
million in victim profits.
8. It was a hazardous occupation for him.
Exercise 10. Give synonyms to the following words and word combinations
in cash
by cash,
vendor
vender, shop-assistant
transaction
bargain, deal
lay off
stop
enforcement
compulsion
lawbreakers
criminals, offender , delinquent , wrongdoer
to govern their conduct
to manage their behaviour
ethical performance
ethic behaviour
abuse
insult
remote
distant
pricey
expensive
ethical injunction
forced ethical education
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Exercise 11. Work in groups and discuss the problem of major ethical
principles that can be violated by the employees and employers.
T can offer to discuss such problems as: improper behaviour of business
partners, salary and other payments questions, improper appearance at
work, etc. T can divide Ss into groups and organize competition – the one
who states more principles wins.
Exercise 12. Discuss these questions before reading the article.
Ask for Ss’ personal opinion.
Exercise 13. Scan the article and analyze your previous answers.
Exercise 14. Match up these words from the article with their meanings.
1) to hinder
j) to stop or delay the advance or development of
a person or activity;
2) mucky
d) dirty;
3) hefty price
i) large amount of money;
4) reckoning
f) calculation;
5) zealous
a) keen;
6) to allege
g) to state or declare without proof or before finding
proof;
7) indictment
e) charging someone officially with an offence in
law;
8) to bolster
b) to support, strengthen or increase;
9) litigant
h) a person on one side or the other in a noncriminal
case being decided by a law court;
10) to grouse
c) to complain, grumble.
Exercise 15. After reading the article, test your memory.
1. What new danger does the oil industry face? – It faces a new danger
largely of its own creation. High-profile bribery scandal; the growing
political sensitivity of the oil industry; changing attitudes to corporate
governance; and some potentially explosive lawsuits.
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2. What did the grand jury in New York issue against two Americans? –
It issued indictments against them. And why? Because Swiss
investigators were reported to have added a bribery and money-
laundering probe involving, among others, Credit Agricole, a French
bank, to continuing American investigations into alleged Caspian
corruption.
3. What is the largest investigation by American authorities called? What
can it involve and provide? – It involves well-known Russian
businessmen and politicians, payments for speedboats and fur coats,
and – if only because they too were involved in bidding for Kazakh
contracts – other big oil firms besides Mobil, including firms with
connections to senior Bush administration officials other than Miss
Rice.
4. How did the American firms work after introducing the Foreign
Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA) in 1977? – Many American oil firms
groused that the law handicapped them against foreign competitors
when dealing in the undemocratic and unscrupulous parts of the world
where oil is often found.
5. Does 'big oil' face legal troubles? – Exxon is being accused of
complicity in abuses committed by the Indonesian military in Aceh,
and Unocal stands accused of benefiting from forced labour deployed
by the military government in Myanmar. What are their
characteristics? – Firms deny wrongdoing, the law proceedings take
time.
6. What cases became tests of ATCA? – Exxon is being accused of
complicity in abuses committed by the Indonesian military in Aceh,
and Unocal stands accused of benefiting from forced labour deployed
by the military government in Myanmar.