Bradbury Jim. The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare

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The Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare

This comprehensive volume provides easily accessible factual material on all major areas

of warfare in the medieval west. The whole geographical area of medieval Europe,

including eastern Europe, is covered, together with essential elements from outside

Europe such as Byzantine warfare, nomadic horde invasions and the Crusades.

he Routledge Companion to Medieval Warfare

is presented in themed, illustrated

sections, each preceded by a narrative outline offering a brief introduction. Within each

section, Jim Bradbury presents clear information on battles and sieges, and generals and

leaders. Readable and engaging, this detailed work makes use of archaeological

information and includes clear discussions of controversial issues. The author examines

ractical topics including castle architecture, with descriptions of specific castles,

shipbuilding techniques, improvements in armour, specific weapons, and developments

in areas such as arms and armour, fortifications, tactics and supply.

im Bradbury

taught at a secondary school for ten years before becoming a senior

lecturer and head of section for history at Borough Road College, now part of Brunel

University. He has written widely on medieval history, with an emphasis on military

history.

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The Routledge Companion to

Medieval Warfare

JIM BRADBURY

LONDON AND NEW YORK

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First published 2004 by Routledge

11 New Fetter Lane, London EC4P 4EE

Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge

29 West 35th Street, New York, NY 10001

Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group

This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.

To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of

thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.

or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means,

now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording,

or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission

in writing from the publishers.

British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data

Bradbury, Jim

The Routledge companion to medieval warfare/Jim Bradbury

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical reference and index.

1. Military art and science—Europe—History—To 1500.

2. Military history, Medieval. 3. Middle Ages. I Title.

U37.B63 2004

355

.0094 0902–DC 22 2003020094

ISBN 0-203-64466-2 Master e-book ISBN

ISBN 0-203-68604-7 (OEB Format)

ISBN 0-415-22126-9 (Print Edition) (Hardcover)

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To Will and Maisie who have joined us since my last book

Contents

Preface

PART I

Generals and leaders, A–Z

PART II

Military events

This part includes in each section a narrative account of

the main political and military events; a list of generals and leaders who relate to the

section, details of whom may be found in the A–Z in Part I; an A–Z of battles and

sieges for each section.

108

Romans and barbarians, 400–750 110

Charlemagne and the Carolingians, 750–850 120

The Vikings, Scandinavia and northern Europe, 850–1050 127

The Anglo-Saxon invasions and England, 450–1066 138

The Norman Conquests in Britain and Europe, 911–1154 151

The Holy Roman Empire and central Europe, 850–1500 165

The Byzantine Empire and eastern Europe, 400–1453 177

The Crusades, 1095–1500 189

The Capetians and the Valois, France 987–1500 201

The Angevins to the Tudors, Britain 1154–1485 217

Iberia and the

Reconquista,

850–1492 229

Renaissance Italy, 1250–1525 237

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PART III

Military topics

This part includes a general account of the significance

of each topic and an A–Z of relevant terms for each section. Where appropriate a list

of relevant names that appear in Part I is provided. Also where appropriate a list of

events that appear in Part II is provided; the number in brackets notes the relevant

section.

245

Arms of the warrior 247

Medieval armour 260

Heraldry 272

Medieval armies 281

Castles and siege warfare 294

Medieval naval warfare 320

The medieval military orders 326

PART IV

Further information

330

Primary sources for the history of medieval warfare

An essay with a select

bibliography of printed sources

332

Historians of medieval warfare and recommendations for further reading 335

Bibliography of secondary sources and further reading

A select list of relevant

secondary works and suggestions for further study

338

Aids to study 346

Index

382

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Preface

This book has been nearly five years in the making. The idea was first put to me by the

ublisher and agreed with Heather McCallum, who has since moved on. Vicky Peters has

taken over the unenviable task of keeping an eye on the project. It has been my intention

to make the work enjoyable rather than a chore. I should also like to thank Carole

Drummond and the people at The Running Head for their work in preparing the

manuscript for publication. They have been extremely careful and accurate in their

suggested corrections. I can honestly say that of the eight or so books I have so far had

ublished they have done the best work of this nature that I have encountered. The length

may be deceptive but certainly does not imply comprehensive cover. Firstly the book

only attempts to look at warfare in medieval Europe, with the Crusades included as a

western venture. Then, early on, it became clear that one must be selective in every area

if the material was to be contained within one volume. It is therefore obvious that there

must be omissions. My thanks for help go to my many friends in the field of medieval

warfare who have talked over some areas included in the book, including Matt Bennett,

ick Hooper, John Gillingham, Cyril Edwards and many others. I hope that the book will

e of use to students of the subject at various levels who can use it as a starting point.

Probably the most useful part is the (very select) bibliography, from which the works

mentioned will undoubtedly lead on the interested reader to many other contributors to

this subject. I can only say that history has been a lifelong friend to me and I hope it may

be to others.

Jim Bradbury

Selsey November 2003

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