Coburn J.W. Algebra and Trigonometry
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xxx Contents
CHAPTER 4 Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 411
4.1 One-to-One and Inverse Functions 412
Technology Highlight: Investigating Inverse Functions 419
4.2 Exponential Functions 424
Technology Highlight: Solving Exponential Equations Graphically 431
4.3 Logarithms and Logarithmic Functions 436
Mid-Chapter Check 449
Reinforcing Basic Concepts: Linear and Logarithm Scales 450
4.4 Properties of Logarithms; Solving Exponential Logarithmic
Equations 451
4.5 Applications from Business, Finance, and Science 467
Technology Highlight: Exploring Compound Interest 474
Summary and Concept Review 480
Mixed Review 484
Practice Test 485
Calculator Exploration and Discovery: Investigating Logistic Equations 486
Strengthening Core Skills: Understanding Properties of Logarithms 488
Cumulative Review: Chapters 1–4 488
Modeling With Technology II: Exponential, Logarithmic,
and Other Regression Models 491
CHAPTER 5 An Introduction to Trigonometric Functions 503
5.1 Angle Measure, Special Triangles, and Special Angles 504
5.2 The Trigonometry of Right Triangles 518
5.3 Trigonometry and the Coordinate Plane 531
5.4 Unit Circles and the Trigonometry of Real Numbers 542
Mid-Chapter Check 555
Reinforcing Basic Concepts: Trigonometry of the Real Numbers and the
Wrapping Function 556
5.5 Graphs of the Sine and Cosine Functions; Cosecant and Secant
Functions
557
Technology Highlight: Exploring Amplitudes and Periods 567
5.6 Graphs of Tangent and Cotangent Functions 574
Technology Highlight: Zeroes, Asymptotes, and the Tangent/Cotangent
Functions 581
5.7 Transformations and Applications of Trigonometric Graphs 587
Technology Highlight: Locating Zeroes, Roots, and x-Intercepts 595
Summary and Concept Review 601
Mixed Review 607
Practice Test 609
Calculator Exploration and Discovery: Variable Amplitudes and
Modeling the Tides 611
Strengthening Core Skills: Standard Angles, Reference Angles,
and the Trig Functions 612
Cumulative Review: Chapters 1–5 613
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Contents xxxi
CHAPTER 6 Trigonometric Identities, Inverses, and Equations 615
6.1 Fundamental Identities and Families of Identities 616
6.2 Constructing and Verifying Identities 624
6.3 The Sum and Difference Identities 630
6.4 The Double-Angle, Half-Angle, and Product-to-Sum Identities 640
Mid-Chapter Check 652
Reinforcing Basic Concepts: Identities—Connections and Relationships 653
6.5 The Inverse Trig Functions and Their Applications 654
Technology Highlight: More on Inverse Functions 664
6.6 Solving Basic Trig Equations 671
Technology Highlight: Solving Equations Graphically 677
6.7 General Trig Equations and Applications 682
Summary and Concept Review 691
Mixed Review 695
Practice Test 697
Calculator Exploration and Discovery: Seeing the Beats as
the Beats Go On 697
Strengthening Core Skills: Trigonometric Equations and Inequalities 698
Cumulative Review: Chapters 1–6 699
Modeling With Technology III: Trigonometric Equation Models 701
CHAPTER 7 Applications of Trigonometry 711
7.1 Oblique Triangles and the Law of Sines 712
7.2 The Law of Cosines; the Area of a Triangle 724
7.3 Vectors and Vector Diagrams 736
Technology Highlight: Vector Components Given the Magnitude
and the Angle 746
Mid-Chapter Check 751
Reinforcing Basic Concepts: Scaled Drawings and the Laws of Sine
and Cosine 751
7.4 Vector Applications and the Dot Product 752
7.5 Complex Numbers in Trigonometric Form 765
7.6 De Moivre’s Theorem and the Theorem on nth Roots 776
Summary and Concept Review 783
Mixed Review 787
Practice Test 788
Calculator Exploration and Discovery: Investigating Projectile Motion 790
Strengthening Core Skills: Vectors and Static Equilibrium 791
Cumulative Review: Chapters 1–7 791
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xxxii Contents
CHAPTER 8 Systems of Equations and Inequalities 793
8.1 Linear Systems in Two Variables with Applications 794
Technology Highlight: Solving Systems Graphically 801
8.2 Linear Systems in Three Variables with Applications 806
Technology Highlight: More on Parameterized Solutions 813
Mid-Chapter Check 817
Reinforcing Basic Concepts: Window Size and Graphing Technology 818
8.3 Nonlinear Systems of Equations and Inequalities 819
8.4 Systems of Inequalities and Linear Programming 826
Technology Highlight: Systems of Linear Inequalities 834
Summary and Concept Review 839
Mixed Review 841
Practice Test 842
Calculator Exploration and Discovery: Optimal Solutions and Linear
Programming 843
Strengthening Core Skills: Understanding Why Elimination
and Substitution “Work” 844
Cumulative Review: Chapters 1–8 845
CHAPTER 9 Matrices and Matrix Applications 847
9.1 Solving Linear Systems Using Matrices and Row Operations 848
Technology Highlight: Solving Systems Using Matrices
and Calculating Technology 854
9.2 The Algebra of Matrices 859
Mid-Chapter Check 870
Reinforcing Basic Concepts: More on Matrix Multiplication 871
9.3 Solving Linear Systems Using Matrix Equations 872
9.4 Applications of Matrices and Determinants: Cramer’s Rule, Partial
Fractions, and More 886
Summary and Concept Review 899
Mixed Review 901
Practice Test 902
Calculator Exploration and Discovery: Cramer’s Rule 903
Strengthening Core Skills: Augmented Matrices and Matrix Inverses 904
Cumulative Review: Chapters 1–9 905
Modeling With Technology IV: Matrix Applications 907
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CHAPTER 10 Analytic Geometry and the Conic Sections 919
10.1 A Brief Introduction to Analytical Geometry 920
10.2 The Circle and the Ellipse 927
10.3 The Hyperbola 940
Technology Highlight: Studying Hyperbolas 949
10.4 The Analytic Parabola 954
Mid-Chapter Check 964
Reinforcing Basic Concepts: Ellipses and Hyperbolas with
Rational/Irrational Values of a and b 964
10.5 Polar Coordinates, Equations, and Graphs 965
10.6 More on the Conic Sections: Rotation of Axis and Polar Form 978
Technology Highlight: Investigating the Eccentricity e 989
10.7 Parametric Equations and Graphs 995
Technology Highlight: Exploring Parametric Graphs 1001
Summary and Concept Review 1006
Mixed Review 1010
Practice Test 1011
Calculator Exploration and Discovery: Conic Rotations in
Polar Form 1012
Strengthening Core Skills: Simplifying and Streamlining Computations
for the Rotation of Axes 1013
Cumulative Review: Chapters 1–10 1015
CHAPTER 11 Additional Topics in Algebra 1017
11.1 Sequences and Series 1018
Technology Highlight: Studying Sequences and Series 1023
11.2 Arithmetic Sequences 1027
11.3 Geometric Sequences 1034
11.4 Mathematical Induction 1044
Mid-Chapter Check 1051
Reinforcing Basic Concepts: Applications of Summation 1052
11.5 Counting Techniques 1053
Technology Highlight: Calculating Permutations and Combinations 1059
11.6 Introduction to Probability 1065
Technology Highlight: Principles of Quick-Counting,
Combinations, and Probability 1070
11.7 The Binomial Theorem 1077
Summary and Concept Review 1085
Mixed Review 1089
Practice Test 1091
Calculator Exploration and Discovery: Infinite Series, Finite Results 1092
Strengthening Core Skills: Probability, Quick Counting,
and Card Games 1093
Cumulative Review: Chapters 1–11 1094
Contents xxxiii
C
HAPTER 1
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Appendix I More on Synthetic Division A-1
Appendix II More on Matrices A-3
Appendix III Deriving the Equation of a Conic A-5
Appendix IV Selected Proofs A-7
Appendix V Families of Polar Curves A-13
Student Answer Appendix (SE only) SA-1
Instructor Answer Appendix (AIE only) IA-1
Index I-1
Additional Topics Online
(Visit www.mhhe.com/coburn)
R.7 Geometry Review with Unit Conversions
R.8 Expressions, Tables and Graphing Calculators
5.0 An Introduction to Cycles and Periodic Functions
7.7 Complex Numbers in Exponential Form
7.8 Trigonometry, Complex Numbers, and Cubic Equations
11.8 Conditional Probability and Expected Value
11.9 Probability and the Normal Curve with Applications
xxxiv Contents
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xxxv
AGRICULTURE
crop duster speed, 528
laying sod, 553
plowing a field, 763
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
body proportions, 292
head circumference, 495, 502
height vs. shoe size, 291
height vs. weight, 175
height vs. wing span, 290
ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGN
apartment wiring, 553–554
CNN Tower, 529, 805
construction planning, 731
decorative fireplaces, 938
decorative gardens, 938
Eiffel Tower, 805
elliptical arches, 928
height of building, 525, 528–530, 609,
611, 722, 751
height of windows, 525
length of rafter, 722
pitch of a roof, 20, 175
seven-leaf rose in foyer, 1011
suspension bridges, 84
ART, FINE ARTS, THEATER
Comedy of Errors, 803
cornucopia composition, 1091
mathematics and, 638
origami, 651
original value of collector’s items, 853
playtime for William Tell Overture, 818
purchase at auction, 816
rare books, 857
soft drinks sold, 880
ticket sales, 803
viewing angles at art show, 668–669
BIOLOGY AND ZOOLOGY
animal birth weight, 1026
animal diet, 884
animal gestation periods, 816
animal length-to-weight models, 66
animal lifespan, 1092
animal territories, 977
animal weight, 486, 1090
bacteria growth, 434, 478, 1042
chicken production, 498
daily food intake and weight, 148
flight path of bird, 974
fruit fly population, 473
insect population, 342
observation of wildlife, 529
pest control, 19
predator/prey models, 501
species preservation, 1026
temperature and cricket chirps, 177
wildlife population growth, 54, 141, 478,
484, 498
wingspan of birds, 816
BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS
account balance/service fees, 94
advertising and sales, 250, 359, 460,
464, 485
annuities, 471, 477–478, 483
balance of payments, 343
billboard design, 735
break-even analysis, 800, 804, 822, 825
business loans, 903
canned good cost, 842
car rental cost, 95, 203
cell phone charges, 140, 252
cereal package weight, 102
coffee sales, 689
company logo, 681
convenience store sales, 883
copper tubing cost, 397, 405
cost/revenue/profit, 126, 268, 315,
409, 500
credit card transactions, 291
currency conversion, 268
customer service, 1074, 1091
depreciation, 84, 176, 184, 189, 434, 464,
485, 497, 826, 1026, 1042, 1091
DVD rentals, 1084
envelope size, 139
equipment aging, 1042
exponential growth, 435
express mail rates, 288
fruit cost, 898
fuel consumption, 393
gas mileage, 177, 203
gasoline cost, 19, 803
gross domestic product, 289
home appreciation, 449, 465, 1090
home location, 993
hourly wage, 1026
households holding stock, 251, 289
inflation, 435, 1026, 1043
Internet commerce, 398
manufacturing cost, 360, 367,
372–373, 404
marketing strategies, 444, 448
maximizing profit/revenue, 34, 71,
301–303, 832, 837–838,
841–842, 845
miles per gallon, 100
milk cost, 19
minimizing cost, 833, 838
minimum wage, 21
mixture exercises, 80, 85, 799, 803, 841
natural gas prices, 251
overtime wage, 252
package size regulations, 84
packaging material cost, 373
paper size, 134, 139, 842
patent applications, 290
patents issued, 290
personnel decisions, 1061
phone service charges, 252
postage history cost, 21
postage rates, 252
price of beef, 1015
pricing for undeveloped lots, 735
pricing strategies, 302
printing and publishing, 140, 262,
373–374
profit/loss, 221
quality control stress test, 102
rate of production, 175
real estate sales, 289
recycling cost, 358
repair cost, 21
research and development, 500
resource allocation, 884
revenue equation models, 140, 145,
146–147
running shoes cost, 140, 396
salary calculations, 92, 1086
sales goals, 1033
seasonal income, 689
seasonal revenue, 148
seasonal sales, 689
service calls, 203
sinking funds, 472
sorting coins, 803, 816, 840
spending on Internet media, 163
stock prices, 54
stock purchase, 1023
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Index of Applications
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xxxvi
stock value, 102
supply and demand, 397, 804, 825
surveillance camera, 735
ticket sales revenue, 1016
touch-tone phone, 647, 651
union membership, 1092
viewing angles for advertising, 669
warranties sold, 871
CHEMISTRY
absorption rates of fabric, 501
chemical mixtures, 816
concentration and dilution, 360
froth height, 498
pH levels, 446, 448
photochromatic sunglasses, 435
COMMUNICATION
cable length, 67
cell phone subscriptions, 127, 501
e-mail addresses, 1064
Internet connections, 189, 858
phone call volume, 397, 498
phone numbers, 1063
phone service charges, 252
radio broadcast range, 164
television programming, 1063
COMPUTERS
animations, 1033
consultant salaries, 102
e-mail addresses, 1064
memory cards, 1094
ownership, 1075
repairs, 19
CONSTRUCTION
building codes, 369
deck dimensions, 825
diagonal of cube, 530
fence an area, 303, 330
flooded basement, 146
home cost per square foot, 174
home improvement, 868, 903
home ventilation, 448
lawn dimensions, 20
lift capacity, 94
manufacturing cylindrical vents, 824
maximum safe load, 398, 406, 466
pitch of a roof, 20, 175
runway length, 734
sewer line slope, 175
tool rental, 95
tunnel length, 734
CRIMINAL JUSTICE AND
LEGAL STUDIES
accident investigation, 67
disarm explosive device, 1075
illegal drugs seizure, 53
law enforcement, 289
prison population, 189
speeding fines, 422
stopping distance, 239, 397
DEMOGRAPHICS
age, 818
AIDS cases, 501
cable television subscriptions, 496, 500
convenience store sales, 883
crop allocation, 837
debit card use, 499
eating out, 189
females in the work force, 291
fighter pilot training, 344
Goldsboro, 424, 479
homeschooling, 292
households holding stock, 251, 289
Internet connections, 189, 858
law enforcement, 289
lottery numbers, 1058
military conflicts, 1076
military expenditures, 252
military veterans, 498, 1073
military volunteer enlistments, 865
milk production, 498
multiple births, 251, 488
new books published, 288
newspapers published, 250
opinion polls, 1084
Pacific coastal population, 499
per capita debt, 32
per capita spending, 245
population density, 358
population growth, 464, 479, 486, 1042
post offices, 497
raffle tickets, 1090
reporting of ages, 252
smoking, 288
tourist population, 314
t-shirt sales, 868–869
women in politics, 289
EDUCATION AND TRAINING
club membership, 869
college costs, 177
course scheduling, 1060–1061
credit hours taught, 1087
detention, 903
faculty committee, 1059
faculty retreat food cost, 869
grades, 91, 94, 361, 499, 1060
homeschooling, 292
lab project, 585
learning curves, 465
memory retention, 54, 359, 448
moving hand-over-hand across rope, 791
new and used texts, 871
scholarship awards, 1063
Stooge IQ, 857
true/false quizzes, 1075
typing speed, 54
working students, 1090
ENGINEERING
Civil
angle between cables, 638
nuclear cooling towers, 952
traffic and travel time, 409
traffic volume, 102, 342
Electrical
AC circuits, 113, 572–573, 638, 771,
772, 775, 782
electric current, 774–775
impedance calculations, 113
parabolic car headlights, 962
parabolic receiver, 959, 962
resistance, 20, 387, 397, 405
resistors in parallel, 50
voltage calculations, 113
Mechanical
fluid mechanics, 638
heat flow on pipe, 668
kinetic energy, 396
machine gears, 651
pitch diameter, 12
wind-powered energy, 67, 141, 239,
397, 423
ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
chemical waste removal, 355
contaminated soil, 406
current speed, 517
energy rationing, 251
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xxxvii
forest fires, 269, 723
fuel consumption, 393
hazardous waste, 837, 1052
landfill volume, 175
motion detectors, 721
oil spills, 263
pollution removal, 141, 358
pollution testing, 1084
recycling cost, 358
resource depletion, 497
runway length, 734
solar furnace, 962
stocking a lake, 464, 1026
water rationing, 251
water usage, 611
wildlife population growth, 54
wind-powered energy, 67, 141, 239,
397, 423
FINANCE
charitable giving, 1033
compound annual growth, 268
compound interest, 469, 476–477,
483–486, 1084
continuously compounding interest, 470,
477, 483, 845
debt load, 314, 499
inheritance tax, 479
interest earnings, 176, 278, 397, 803, 858
investment in coins, 189, 803, 885
investment return, 805, 898
investment strategies, 829
leaving money to grandchildren, 837
mortgage interest, 222, 478
mortgage payment, 34, 478
NYSE trading volume, 289
per capita debt, 32
simple interest, 467, 476, 483–484, 803,
812, 816
student loans, 903
subsidies for heating and cooling, 95
value of investment, 339, 446, 448, 826,
842, 1091
GEOGRAPHY AND GEOLOGY
area of Nile River Delta, 735
area of Yukon Territory, 735
contour maps, 529
cradle of civilization, 84
daylight hours, 600
deep-sea fishing depth, 102
discharge rate of rivers, 311, 685–686, 689
distance between cities, 511, 516, 530,
721, 733–734, 857
earthquakes, 163, 442–443, 447, 450, 485
geological surveys, 727
global positioning systems, 609
height of cliff, 507, 524
height of mountain, 723
land area, 79, 805, 842
land tract dimensions, 825
length of trail, 517
map distance, 722, 723
mining, 486, 497
mountain height, 443, 447
natural gas prices, 251
oceanography, 324
predicting tides, 204
rock formation, 1015
temperature of ocean water, 501
tidal motion, 571, 611–612
width of canyon, 723
width of continent, 516
HISTORY
American Flag dimensions, 825
important dates in U.S. history, 805, 816
major wars, 816
postage costs, 21
Zeno’s Paradox, 1092
INDUSTRY
cable winch, 553
industrial spotlight, 963
mirror manufacturing, 993
prop manufacturing, 977
solar furnace, 962–963
velocity of industrial conveyor belt, 513
INTERNATIONAL STUDIES
currency conversion, 268
shoe sizing, 95, 268
MATHEMATICS
analyzing graphs, 221, 328
arc length, 103, 516
area
of circle, 32
of cone, 67, 139
of cylinder, 44, 83, 126–127, 224, 268,
372, 374
of frustum, 67
of inscribed circle, 164
of inscribed square, 163
of inscribed triangle, 164
of Norman window, 898
of open cylinder, 375
of parabolic segment, 826
of parallelogram, 898
of pentagon, 898
and radius, 423
of rectangle, 95, 139, 868
of rectangular box with square
ends, 301
of sector, 516
of sphere, 395
of trapezoid, 826
of triangle, 95, 372, 514, 837, 857,
898, 903
of triangular pyramid, 898
art and, 638
average rate of change, 214, 215–216,
223–224, 278–279, 436
circumscribed triangle, 723
clock angles, 651
combinations and permutations
books, 1062, 1091
colored balls, 1062
cornucopia, 1091
course schedules, 1060–1061
grades, 1060
group photographs, 1061, 1088
horse racing, 1061, 1088
key rings, 1090
letter permutations, 1061, 1088, 1090
license plates, 1060, 1091
lock, 1060, 1088
menu items, 1060
numbers, 1060
outfits, 1060, 1088
personnel, 1061, 1088
remote door opener, 1060
seating arrangements, 1061, 1063
songs, 1062
team members, 1062
tournament finalists, 1061
combined absolute value graphs, 253
complex numbers, 113
absolute value, 327
cubes, 113
Girolamo Cardano, 113, 329
square roots, 114, 327
complex polynomials, 127, 329
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composite figures, 140
conic sections, 220, 926, 935, 993
consecutive integers, 84, 134
constructing graphs, 222, 239, 278
correlation coefficient, 502
counting by listing and tree diagrams,
1060, 1088, 1091
cubic fit, 884
cylindrical tank dimensions, 825
diagonal of cube, 530
diagonal of rectangular parallelepiped, 530
discriminant of quadratic, 123, 145
discriminant of reduced cubic, 386
equipoise cylinder, 418
factorials, 1062
first differences, 1033
folium of Descartes, 386
functions and rational exponents, 221
geometry, 681, 734, 857–858
identities, 651
imaginary numbers, 113
involute of circle, 540
linear equations, 172, 206
maximum and minimum values,
328, 330
negative exponents, 34
nested factoring, 45
number puzzles, 134
parallelogram method, 746
perfect numbers, 1076
perimeter of rectangle, 868
Pick’s theorem, 203
polar coordinates, 977
polar curves, 977
polygon angles, 1033
probability
binomial, 1083
coin toss, 102, 435, 1071, 1074, 1076
colored balls, 1075
dice, 1072, 1088, 1090
dominos, 1072
drawing a card, 1071–1073, 1088, 1090
filling a roster, 1072
going first, 1071–1072
group selection, 1073, 1076
letter selection, 1076
number selection, 1072–1073, 1076
points on a graph, 1075
production, 1072
routes, 1072
site selection, 1072
spinning a spinner, 434, 1071–1072,
1074, 1091
winning the lottery, 435
protractor measurement, 554
Pythagorean Theorem, 63, 71, 480, 629
quadratic applications
geometry, 134–135, 146
rational equation, 137
revenue, 136
work application, 136
quadratic formula, 122, 123, 282
quadratic solutions, 149
quartic polynomials, 342
radius of a ripple, 269
radius of a sphere, 422
rational function, 816
reading graphs, 266–267
regressions and parameters, 1005
Spiral of Archimedes, 540
Stirling’s Formula, 1062
sum of consecutive cubes, 388
sum of consecutive squares, 388, 1032
sum of n integers, 1032
tangent lines, 586
trigonometric graphs, 221
variation equations, 394–398, 405
volume of
an egg, 398
circular coin, 405
cone, 423, 688–689, 837
conical shell, 44
cube, 32, 203, 328
cylinder/cylindrical shells, 44, 203,
224, 374, 688
equipoise cylinder, 418
hot air balloon, 147
open box, 314, 405
open cylinder, 375
rectangular box, 44, 328
sphere, 85, 238, 279
spherical cap, 374
spherical shells, 44
MEDICINE, NURSING,
NUTRITION, DIETETICS,
HEALTH
AIDS cases, 501
appointment scheduling, 1089
body mass index, 94
deaths due to heart disease, 278
drug absorption, 465
exercise routine, 689–690
female physicians, 177, 497
fertility rates, 204
growth rates of children, 502
hodophobia, 1076
human life expectancy, 176
ideal weight, 203
low birth weight, 500
medical procedures, 928
medication in the bloodstream, 33, 54,
359, 406
multiple births, 251, 488
pediatric dosages/Clark’s Rule, 12
Poiseuille’s Law, 44
prescription drugs, 189
pressure on eardrum, 638
SARS cases, 496
smokers, 177
time of death, 464
weight loss, 497
weight of fetus, 204
METEOROLOGY
addition of ordinates, 270
altitude and atmospheric pressure,
447–448
atmospheric pressure, 289, 461
atmospheric temperature, 184
avalanche conditions, 668
barometric pressure, 461, 483
jet stream altitude, 102
lake water levels, 176
monthly rainfall, 144, 609
predicting tides, 204
reservoir water levels, 343, 1087
seasonal ice thickness, 689
seasonal temperatures, 689
sinusoidal models, 571, 572
storm location, 948
temperature, 12, 95
and altitude, 422, 464
and atmospheric pressure, 443, 447
conversions, 203
drop, 12, 223, 1033
record high, 12
record low, 12
tidal motion, 571, 611–612
MUSIC
classical, 869
Mozart’s arias, 884
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notes and frequency, 499
Rolling Stones, 883
sound waves, 594–595, 599
PHYSICS, ASTRONOMY,
PLANETARY STUDIES
acceleration of a vehicle, 189
attraction between particles, 34
boiling temperature of water, 176, 289
Boyle’s Law, 392
charged particles, 397, 952
climb rate, aircraft, 175
coefficients of friction, 586
comet path, 947–948, 1011, 1012
creating a vacuum, 1043
deflection of a beam, 387
density of objects, 329
depth and water pressure, 499
depth of a dive, 302
distance between planes, 517, 734
distance between planets, 32, 84,
717–718, 721
drag resistance on a boat, 328
elastic rebound, 1043, 1077
electron motion, 1005
fan blade speed, 541
fluid motion, 238
gravity, 215, 238, 423
acceleration due to, 239, 680
acting on object placed on ramp or
inclined plane, 754
timing a falling object, 66
harmonic motion, 599
height of rainbow, 530
index of refraction, 680–681
interplanetary measurement, 554
Kepler’s Third Law, 67, 141
kinetic energy of planets, 572
light intensity, 34, 398
Lorentz transformations, 44
metric time, 21
mixture exercises, 80, 85, 799, 803, 841
model rocketry, 302
movement of light beam, 580–581
Newton’s Law of Cooling, 430, 434, 464
Newton’s law of universal gravitation, 398
particle motion, 1005
pendulums, 397, 1039, 1042, 1091
planetary motion, 992–993
planet orbit, 501, 938–939, 987, 988,
994, 1001, 1011
projected image, 422
projectile height, 126–127, 140, 223,
292, 302–303
projectile motion, 761, 764, 790
projectile position, 670, 1000
projectile range, 221, 391, 651
projectile velocity, 44, 145, 146, 213
radioactive Carbon-14 dating, 479
radioactive decay, 436, 473–474, 479,
483, 489
radioactive half-life, 466, 473–474, 489
sound intensity, 398, 447, 449–450
sound speed, 188, 650
spaceship velocity, 465
spring oscillation, 102
star intensity, 447
supernova expansion, 269
temperature scales, 803
thermal conductivity, 884
traveling waves, 638
uniform motion, 80, 84, 800, 803–805
velocity of a falling object, 223
velocity of a particle, 382
velocity of moon, 517
velocity of planetary orbit, 517
visible light, 572
volume and pressure, 20
weight on other planets/moon, 390, 397
work and force, 755–756, 764
POLITICS
city council composition, 1063
conservative and liberals in senate, 269
dependency on foreign oil, 251
federal deficit (historical data), 222
government deficits, 328, 406
guns vs. butter, 837
military expenditures, 252
per capita debt, 32
Supreme Court Justices, 175
tax reform, 805
U.S. International trade balance, 127
voting tendencies, 1070
women in politics, 289
SOCIAL SCIENCES AND
HUMAN SERVICES
AIDS cases, 501
females/males in the workforce, 291
homeschooling, 292
law enforcement, 289
memory retention, 54, 359, 448
population density, 358
smoking, 288
SPORTS AND LEISURE
admission price, 252
amusement park attendance, 314
angle of belly-flop, 540
angle of carnival game spin, 540
angle of dive, 540
arcades, 252
archery, 1092
archery competition, 1004
athletic performance, 398
average bowling score, 148
barrel races, 554
baseball
card value, 176
exponential decay of pitcher’s
mound, 434
basketball
free throw shooting average, 1082
height of players, 147
NBA championship, 857
salaries, 500
batting averages, 1084
blanket toss competition, 303
cartoon character height, 883
chess tournaments, 1061
circus clowns, 841
city park dimensions, 19
Clue, 1063
darts, 1075
dice games, 1072
diet and training, 884
distance to movie screen, 629
dominoes, 1072
eight ball, 1073
exercise routing, 689–690
fish tank dimensions, 826
fitness center membership, 902
flagpole height, 605
flying clubs, 952
football competition, 1004–1005
football player weight, 94
400-m race, 224
golfball distance to hole, 668
height of blimp, 723
height of climber, 529
high-wire walking, 530
hitting a target, 721, 722, 1075
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