Colin Mark. The Gaelic-English Dictionary/Гэльско-английский словарь
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fine, fineachan nf clan, race, sept, tribe
□
in pl sometimes means ‘heathens’
□
na
fineachan Gaidhealach the Highland clans
□
bha iad uile nam fineachan òga they
were all young heathens
fineachail a heathenish
□
bha e air a bhith
fineachail ruinn he had been heathenish
towards us
□
creideamh fineachail
heathenish creed
fineachas, -ais nm clanship
fìneadair, -ean nm refinery
fìneadair-ola nm oil refinery
fìneadh, -idh nm refining
□
… far a bheil
iad a’ fineadh na h-ola … where they
refine the oil
fineag, -eige, -an nf mite
□
làn fhineag full
of mites
fineal, -eil nm fennel
fìnealta a fine, delicate, polished (of
manners etc.), sensitive
fìnealtachd nf fineness, polished manners,
sensitivity
fìnealtas, -ais nm delicacy
fineamhainn nf osier willow
finic nf jet
□
cho dubh ri finic as black as jet
finid nf end, close, conclusion
□
uncommon
except occasionally in the expression
cuir ceann finid air bring to an end, close
etc.
□
… agus a chur ceann finid air
gnothaichean… and to bring matters to
a close …
fìobrosas, -ais nm fibrositis
fiodh, -a nm timber, wood
□
de fhiodh / de
dh’fhiodh of wood, wooden
□
fiodh balsa
balsa wood
fiodh-almaig nm sandalwood f.-chraiceann
nm veneer f.-chraiceannaich. v veneer
f.-connaidh nm firewood f.-fillte nm
plywood f.-puill nm bogwood
fiodha a wooden, of wood, timbered
□
dh’fhosgail e an doras le iuchair fhiodha
he opened the door with a wooden key
□
bothain fhiodha wooden huts
fiodhach a ligneous, wooden, of wood
fiodhall, fìdhle, fidhlean nf
□
same as
fidheall
fiodhrach, -aich nm timber
fìogais, -ean nf fig
fiolam, -aim nm phylum
fiolan, -ain, -an nm insect (in some areas
‘an earwig’but gòbhlag / fiolan-gòbhlach
are less ambiguous, while meanbh-fhrìd(e)
is generally recommended for ‘insect’)
□
cleachdaidhean nam fiolan the habits of
[the] insects
fìon, -a nm wine
□
liosta f ìona / clàr f ìona
wine-list
□
bha iad ag òl fìona they were
drinking wine
□
f ìon tanaichte diluted
wine
fìon-amar nm vine-press, wine-press
f.-dearc nf grape f.-fhoghar nm vintage
f.-geur nm vinegar f.-lios nm vineyard
f.-òstair nm vintner f.-poirt nm port
(wine)
fìonach a vinous
fìonan, -ain, -ain nm vine
fionn, -a a fair, white
fionn, -adh v
□
same as feann
fionnach, -aiche a hairy, shaggy
□
bha a’
bhratag reamhar fionnach the caterpillar
was fat and hairy
fionnadh, -aidh, -aidhean nm & vn of
fionn hair (of animals), skin, hide
□
tilg
fionnadh moult
□
tilgeil an fhionnaidh
moulting
□
bha a chulaidh de fhionnadh
chàmhal his attire was [made] of the skin
of camels
fionnan-feòir nm grasshopper
□
casan an
fhionnain-fheòir the legs of the grasshop-
per
□
chuala sinn na fionnain-fheòir we
heard the grasshoppers
□
fuaim nam
fionnan-feòir the sound of the grasshoppers
fionnar, -aire a chilly, cool (and fresh),
crisp (of air, weather), fresh (of atmos-
phere)
□
sheall i orm gu fionnar she
looked at me coolly
□
“Tha mi coma,” ars
esan gu math fionnar “I don’t care,” he
said rather coolly
fionnarachadh, -aidh nm & vn of
fionnaraich cooling etc., ventilation,
refrigeration
fionnarachd nf coolness
fionnaraich, -achadh v cool, fan, refriger-
ate, ventilate
fionnaraigh nf gloaming
□
air an fhion-
naraigh in the gloaming
□
bha iad a’
coiseachd dhachaigh air an fhionnaraigh
they were walking home in the gloaming
fionnsgeul, -geòil, -geòil / -an nm legend
□
anns na fionnsgeòil in the legends
fionnsgeulach, -aiche a legendary
fionn-sgoth nm grass of Parnassus
fine 302
fìor, fìre a actual, authentic, extra,
extreme, genuine, real, stark
(absolute), sheer, sterling, substantial,
true, veritable, very
Some basic examples: a bheil e fìor
a ràdh gu bheil e …? is it true to say
that he is …?
□
dè cho fìor ’s a tha
seo? how true is this?
□
… agus mar
a thuirt, b’fhìor … and as [he] said, it
was (i.e. it was as [he] said it would be)
□
is e am f ìor adhbhar gu bheil iad
leisg the real reason is that they are
lazy
gu fìor, ‘really’, is the adverb form
used after a verb
□
an do rinn e sin gu
f ìor? he do that really?
□
but is
most often used preceding a noun /
adj, and without gu with the meanings
‘really’, ‘extremely’, ‘very’
□
fìor
dhroch phrògraman really bad pro-
grammes
□
b’fhìor thoigh leam tuil-
leadh dhiubh seo fhaicinn I would
really like to see more of these
□
fìor
mhath really good, high-class
□
(ann)
am f ìor thoiseach na linne in the very
beginning of the century
□
am f ìor
Urr. Dòmhnall Domhnallach the very
Rev. Donald MacDonald
(Urr. ⫽ Urramach)
□
anns an fhìor
shreath chùil in the very back row
□
…
agus mu dheidhinn an aithne dhuinn
cho fìor bheag… and about whom we
know so very little
□
chan eil fhios
againn ach air f ìor bheag mu a
bheatha we only know a very little
about his life
□
aig an fhìor àm a bha
iad a’ tighinn dhachaigh at the very
time they were coming home
□
bha
f ìor chorra dhuine a’ toirt a-mach
ceum le urram very few people were
gaining an honours degree
□
… a tha
a’ dèanamh a leithid de dh’fhìor obair
… who is doing such sterling work
mas fìor / mas fhìor present tense / ma
b’fhìor past tense apparently, seem-
ingly, supposedly, to all intents and
purposes, quasi
□
tha iad a’ dèanamh
tàir air a’ chreideamh a tha iad, mas
f ìor, a’ leantainn they disgrace the
belief that they, supposedly, follow
□
shocraich e e fhèin anns an leabaidh
airson cadal ma b’fhìor he settled
himself in the bed, apparently to sleep
□
thuirt e rud faoin ma b’fhìor he said
an apparently foolish thing / he made
an apparently trivial remark
□
mas
fhìor gu bheil iad fhèin cho dìcheal-
lach! they give the appearance that
they are so diligent! / as if they were so
diligent themselves!
□
but note:- mas f ìor
na dotairean … if what the doctors say
is true / if the doctors are to be believed
(lit. if the doctors are genuine …)
fìor-chraiceann nm epidermis f.-
eòlaiche nm specialist f.-ghlan a
□
see
fios, -a, -an nm 1. indication, informa-
tion, knowledge, news, notice, notifi-
cation
□
tre chion fiosa through lack of
knowledge
□
fiosan co-cheangailte
related facts
□
le fios knowingly
□
cha
dìochuimhnichear le fios iad they will
not knowingly be forgotten
tha fios / fhios aig know – where
fios may be / or not be lenited
□
the
following examples mostly show fios
with the lenition, but it may well be
unlenited:-
tha fhios agam I know
□
tha fhios agam
air sin / tha fhios agam mu dheidhinn
sin I know about that
□
tha fhios aige
nach còir dha sin a dhèanamh he
knows better than to do that
□
… cha
robh fhios aice dè dhèanadh e she didn’t
know what he would do
□
’s ann
aig an Tighearna tha fios the Lord
knows
□
cha robh fhios co às a thàinig
e it wasn’t known where he came from
□
bha fhios aige càit an robh gach
sgillinn a’ dol he knew where every
penny was going
□
chuir iad cùmhnan-
tan oirnn a bha fhios aca nach gabhadh
sinn riutha they imposed conditions
which they knew we wouldn’t accept
□
carson a rinn thu sin is fios agad gu
bheil … why did you do that when you
know that … is …?
□
is math tha fhios
aige dè thachair he knows well what
happened
□
tha làn fhios aca nach
do rinn e seo they know full well
that he didn’t do this
□
note also:- chan
eil càil a dh’fhios agam I have no
idea / not the slightest idea – where
a dh’ ⫽ de of (q.v)
fhios and agam are frequently run
together to make fhiosam
□
chan eil
303 fìorghlan
fìorghlan f.-ghloine nf pureness,
purity f.-shamhlachail a characteris-
tic
□
ceist fhior-shamhlachail a char-
acteristic problem f.-shean(n) pref
paleo- f.-thoiseach nm outset
fìorachas, -ais nm realism
fìoreun, fìoreòin, fìoreòin nm eagle
fìorfhuil, fìorfhala nf noble blood
fìorghlan, -aine a chaste, immaculate,
pure
□
beachd-smuaintean fìorghlana
pure thoughts
fhiosam fhathast dè bha fa-near dha
I still don’t know what he had in mind
□
dh’fhosgail e dorsan dhomh nach
robh fiù ’s fhiosam gun robh iad ann he
opened doors for me which I didn’t
even know existed
a bheil fhios agad (often shortened to
eil fhios agad?) is the equivalent of the
English conversational phrase ‘you
know’ or ‘don’t you know’ and may be
translated as ‘of course’
□
bha e gu
math sean eil fhios agad he was quite
old of course
□
nach eil fhios agad
gu bheil cuimhne agam of course
I remember
□
note also: fhios agad.
you know. (before going on to explain
further)
cuir fios gu contact, inform, send word
to, send a message to
□
feumaidh
sinn fios a chur thuca we must inform
them / send word to them
□
chaidh fios
a chur thuca word was sent to them
□
feuch gun cuir thu fios thugam please
let me know
□
but note also:- cuir fios
air an dotair call the doctor
faigh fios ascertain, get word, receive
a message
□
fhuair e fios gun robh iad
air a thòir he got word that they were
after him
□
bu toigh leinn fios fhaigh-
inn bhuaibh we would like to hear
from you
thoir / leig fios (do) notify
□
thoir fios
meallta (do) misinform
□
note also: a’
toirt fios (do) has / had the specialised
meaning of ‘calling for someone’ e.g.
on the way to school
gun fhios secretly, without warning,
unawares, unexpectedly, unperceived
□
thuit iad gun fhios air a’ bhaile they
fell without warning upon the town
□
thig gun fhios air surprise
□
… far
nach bitheadh iad fo eagal an nàmhaid
a thighinn orra gun fhios … where
they would not be in fear of the enemy
surprising them / coming upon them
unexpectedly
gun fhios is often followed by do or
a prep pron of it
□
b’iongantach mar
a fhuair e a-staigh gun fhios dhomh it
was surprising how he got in without
my knowing / unperceived by me etc.
□
but gun fhiosta is often used with /
without a prep / prep pron
□
thàinig a’
cheist caran gun fhiosta air the ques-
tion was put to him rather unexpect-
edly (lit. came upon him)
□
thàinig
arm a’Phrionnsa air Cope gun fhiosta
the Prince’s army fell upon Cope
without warning / taking Cope
unawares
□
may be used with the
meaning ‘secretly’, ‘unknown to any-
one’, ‘inadvertently’
□
bha e ag òl gun
fhiosta he was drinking secretly
gun fhios aig without the knowledge
of, unknown to, not knowing etc.
□
gun fhios aig a’ bhaillidh without
the factor’s knowledge
□
gun fhios
aca dè bu chòir dhaibh a ràdh not
knowing / with no idea what they
ought to say
is beag a tha dh’fhios agad air… it is
little that you know of…/ little do you
know of …
□
is beag a tha dh’fhios
agad air cunnartan na mara little do
you know of the perils of the sea
□
is
beag a bha dh’fhios aca gur e Sìm
a rinn seo little did they know that it
was Simon who had done this
□
note
that this phrase may be used imperson-
ally:- is beag a tha dh’fhios dè cho
fada air adhart ’s a tha e it’s little
known how far on it is
Further idioms still retaining the
meaning of ‘knowledge’ are:-
a) sin bu choireach gun do rinn e e –
chan eil fhios nach e. that’s why he
did it – perhaps it is. (lit. there isn’t
knowledge that it isn’t)
□
chan eil
fhios càit an deachaidh iad it’s not
known where they went / nobody
knows etc. / who knows etc.?
□
nach eil fhios gun cuala tu …?
surely you’ve heard …?
b) tha fhios gu bheil … it is clear, cer-
tain, obvious etc.
□
ged a tha fhios
gu bheil … though obviously … /
though of course …
□
tha fhios gun
do chuir thu… you must have
put … / no doubt you put … / you
probably put …
□
tha fhios gun
deach iad a Lunnainn gus a lorg
they must have gone to London to
find it
□
thuirt e rium , os ìseal tha
fhios, gun robh e … he said to me,
privately of course, that he was …
c) chan eil fhios am / an ⫹ question
form there’s no knowing if / …
probably won’t
□
… chan eil fhios
an tig iad air ais a-rithist there’s
no knowing if they’ll come back
again
fìorghlan 304
fiosachd, -an nf augury
fiosaiche, -ean nm fortuneteller, prophet,
seer, soothsayer, scout, spy
fiosaigeach, iche a physical
fiosam / fhiosam
□
see fios
fiosgail nm procurator fiscal
fiosgail a fiscal
fiosrach, -aiche a aware, curious, informed,
knowledgeable, learned, versed
□
fiosrach
mu / air conversant with, knowledgeable
about
□
tha e fiosrach air eachdraidh
a’ chaisteil he is knowledgeable about the
castle’s history
□
sgrìobh e gu fiosrach mu
na h-eileanan he wrote knowledgeably
about the islands
□
fhad’s as fhiosrach mi /
fhad ’s is fiosrach leam as far as I know /
am aware
□
fhad ’s is fiosrach leamsa
co-dhiù as far as I am aware anyway
□
cho
fad ’s a b’fhiosrach duine cha robh e na
shaighdear a-riamh as far as anyone knew
he was never a soldier
fiosrachadh, -aidh, -aidhean nm & vn of
fiosraich experiencing etc., dossier, expe-
rience, fact(s), information
□
fiosrachadh
agus tuigse knowledge and understanding
□
fiosrachadh rathad road information
□
tha e gann de dh’fhiosrachadh mion-
aideach it’s scarce of detailed information
□
tha fiosrachadh agaibh air na rudan sin
you have experience of these things
□
cùn-
ntas de a fhiosrachaidhean spioradail an
account of his spiritual experiences
□
tha
e a’sealltainn bho fhiosrachadh pearsanta
gu bheil … he shows from personal expe-
rience that … is…
□
gus fiosrachadh
a thoirt seachad (in order) to convey infor-
mation
□
seo a’chiad leabhar den t-seòrsa
le m’ fhiosrachadh this is the first book of
the kind to my knowledge
fiosrachaidh a information
□
seirbhisean
fiosrachaidh information services
fiosrachail, -e a expert
□
tha iad a’ lorg
comhairle fhiosrachail they are seeking
expert advice
□
tha iad air comhairle
fhiosrachail a lorg they have found expert
advice
fiosraich, -achadh v 1. inquire, ask
2. examine 3. experience
□
cha do
dh’fhiosraich mi riamh sabaid cho cru-
aidh rithe I have never experienced a fight
as hard as it
fir
□
gen sing and nom & dat pl of fear
fir-chlis, na fir-chlis the Aurora Borealis,
Northern Lights, Merry Dancers
□
chun-
naic iad na fir-chlis anns an àirde tuath
they saw the Merry Dancers in the north
fireach, -ich, -ichean nm hill, moor, moun-
tain
□
b’àbhaist dhaibh a bhith a’tathaich
nam fireach sin they used to frequent those
moors
fìrean, -an nm righteous man
□
is ann don
fhìrean a tha beatha fhada air a gealltainn
it is to the righteous man that a long life is
promised
fìreanachadh, -aidh nm & vn of fìre-
anaich justifying etc., exoneration, justifi-
cation, verification, vindication
□
an
robh càil ann a bha na fhìreanachadh do
a dhòigh-bheatha? was there anything
which justified his life-style?
fìreanaich, -achadh v excuse, exonerate,
justify, substantiate, verify, vindicate
□
ciamar a ghabhas cogadh a bhith air [a]
fhìreanachadh idir? how can war ever be
justified [at all]?
fireann a male
fireann-boireann nm hermaphrodite
fireann-boireann a hermaphrodite
fireannach, -aich, -aich nm male, man
fireannta a masculine
fìreantach, -aiche a righteous
fìreantachd nf righteousness, veracity
f ìrinn nf 1. fact, reality, truth
□
f ìrinn
dhearbhte verity
□
f ìrinn shoilleir axiom
□
… ach ’s e an fhìrinn gu bheil àireamh
cloinne le Gàidhlig a’ tuiteam … but the
fact is that the number of children with
Gaelic is falling
□
’s e an fhìrinn nach eil
iad ann the fact is they don’t exist
□
cuir
ris an fhìrinn exaggerate
□
f ìrinn mhì-
reusanta an irrational fact
□
’s ann agad a
tha an fhìrinn you have the truth of it / you’re
right there
□
an e an fhìrinn a tha ann gu
bheil e …? is it the truth that he is …? / is
it a fact etc.?
□
an e an fhìrinn a tha sin?
is that a fact?
□
’s e ‘n fhìrinn (a) tha sin!
305 f ìrinn
d) gun fhios nach… in case … / in the
hope that …
□
gun fhios nach eil e
ga lorg … in case he’s looking for
it
□
gun fhios nach fhaic thu e in
case / in the hope that you see him
2. invitation (uncommon in this
meaning)
□
cha d’fhuair iad fios
chun na cuirme they didn’t receive
an invitation to the feast…
e) eil fhios…? I wonder if …?
fios-labhairt nf announcement
□
fios-labhairt phoballach public
announcement
that’s a fact!
□
… a dh’innse na f ìrinn …to
tell the truth
□
… mas e an fhìrinn a bha
aige… if he was telling the truth 2. an
fhìrinn the gospel
fìrinneach, -iche a true, just, honest (in
word), exact, reliable, faithful
□
a chum
forfhais fhìrinneach a sholar … (in order)
to procure reliable information
□
tha naid-
heachd fhìrinneach ann mu dheidhinn
duine a bha … there is a true story about a
man who was …
□
… tha e a’ feuchainn ri
dealbh fhìrinneach a tharraing he is trying
to draw a faithful picture
□
gu f ìrinneach
surely, truly
fìrinneachadh, -aidh nm & vn of fìrin-
nich justifying etc.
fìrinnich, -eachadh v
□
same as
fireanaich, -eachadh
fisic nf physic (medicine)
fisiceach a physical
fisico-matamataiceach a physico-
mathematical
fitheach, -ich, -ich nm raven
fiù nm worth
□
gun fhiù trashy, trivial,
worthless
□
bha iad a’ deasbad air ceis-
tean beaga gun fhiù they were debating
small, trivial problems
fiù a worth, worthy
□
chan fhiù e dad it’s
not worth anything
fiù (’s) adv even
□
cha robh fiù ’s aon
chuileag ri faicinn there wasn’t even one
fly to be seen
□
chan fheum e fiù ’s deoch
it doesn’t even need a drink
□
fhuair iad
soithichean agus fiù ’s àirneis-taighe they
got dishes and even furniture
□
… ach fiù
’s aon daoine cha do nochd e fhèin …but
not even one person showed himself
□
chan eil fhios agam fiù dè an t-ainm a th’ort
I don’t know what your name is, even
fiùdalach, -aiche a feudal
□
laghan
fiùdalach feudal laws
fiùga nf fugue
fiùghail, -e a esteemed, worthy, of good
quality
□
tha an deas-gnàth seo fiùghail
aig muinntir an àite this ceremony is
esteemed by the people of the place
□
obair a tha glè fhiùghail gu dearbh work
which is indeed of good quality
□
corra
neach fiùghail a few worthy people
fiughair nf expectation
□
tha fiughair agam
ris I am expecting him
□
chan eil fiughair
againn ris we are not expecting him / it
masc
□
… ris nach robh fiughair aige…
whom / that he did not expect
□
cuine a
bhios fiughair riutha falbh? when will
they be expected to go?
□
tha sinn a’
dèanamh fiughair ri breithneachadh air
an iomradh seo we are looking forward to
studying this report
□
tha a h-uile fiughair
ann gun teid an sàbhaladh there is every
expectation that they will be saved
□
tha fiughair (mhòr) oirnn gu tighinn
a chèilidh oirbh we are (very much) look-
ing forward to visiting you
fiùghanta a same as fiùghantach
fiùghantach, -aiche a 1. worthy, worth-
while
□
deoch fhiùghantach thaitneach
a worthwhile, pleasing drink 2. generous,
liberal, benevolent
□
chan eil sluagh air
aghaidh na talmhainn a tha cho fialaidh
fiùghantach riutha there isn’t a people on
the face of the earth that is so liberal and
generous as they 3. brave 4. dynamic
□
cumhachd fiùghantach a dynamic force
fiùghantachd nf 1. worthiness 2. generos-
ity, liberality, benevolence 3. bravery
4. dynamism
fiùran, -ain, -ain nm branch, scion
□
bha
fiùrain churanta eile den teaghlach seo
there were other valorous branches of this
family
fiùranach, -aiche a flourishing, blooming
fiùranta a
□
same as fiùranach
fiusa, -aichean nm fuse
fiùisia, –athan nm fiuschia
flagach, -aiche a flaccid, loose, slack
□
rinn
e gàire mòr flagach he gave a great flaccid
laugh
□
tha an sgrìobhadh rudeigin flagach
the writing is somewhat loose
□
tha an
doras car flagach the door is rather loose
flaigeallach a flagellated (biol.)
flaitheanas, -ais nm
□
same as flaitheas
flaitheas, -eis nm heaven
□
seo mar
a dhealbh mi am flaitheas dhomh fhèin
this is how I pictured heaven to myself
flanainn nf flannel
Flandrach a Flemish
flann-dhearg nf vermilion
flat, -aichean nm 1. saucer 2. apartment,
flat (accommodation)
□
flataichean àrd-
thogte high-rise flats
□
flataichean
cuibhreann-ùine time share apartments
flat a flat (mus.)
flath, -aith, -aith / -an nm noble, prince
flathail, -e a gallant, gay, majestic, noble,
patrician, splendid
□
bha e cho flathail it
was so splendid
flathalachd nf gallantry
fleadh, -a, -an nm banquet, carousal, feast,
treat
fleadhach, -aiche a festive
fleadhachas, -ais nm banqueting, carous-
ing, feasting, revelry
□
dèan fleadhachas
carouse, feast
fìrinneach 306
fleann-uisge nf water crow-foot
fleasg, -a, -an nf diadem, garland, spray (of
a tree)
□
le fleasgan de fhlùraichean mu an
amhaich with garlands of flowers about
their necks
fleasgach, -aich, -aich nm bachelor, youth
□
thàinig iomadh fleasgach a dhèanamh
suirghe oirre many a bachelor came to
woo her
fleisg, -e, -ean nf flex
fleòd, air fleod adv afloat
fleòdrach, -aiche a buoyant
fleòdrachd nf buoyancy
fleòdradh, -aidh nm 1. floating
□
air fleò-
dradh afloat, floating adv
□
bi a’fleòdradh /
bi air fleòdradh float 2. buoyancy
□
see
fleòdrachd
fleòdragan, -ain, -ain nm float
fliche nf moisture
flige nf sandwort
flin nm sleet
fliodh, -a nm 1. chickweed 2. weeds in
general
fliodh-a’-bhalla nm dwarf elder
flion
□
same as flin
fliù nf influenza
fliuch, fliche a watery, wet, moist
□
bog
fliuch soaking wet / dripping wet
□
bha e
fliuch chun a’ chraicinn he was wet to the
skin
□
dè bhitheas tu a’ dèanamh air
làithean fliucha? what do you do on wet
days?
□
nach e tha fliuch an-diugh? isn’t it
wet today?
fliuch, -adh v swill, water, wet, make wet
□
bha an t-uisge a’ fliuchadh gach neach
nach robh fo dhìon the rain was wetting
everyone who wasn’t under shelter
□
cha
mhòr nach do fhliuch e e fhèin he almost
wet himself
fliuch-bhòrd nm keel-board
□
fliuch-bhòrd
na luinge the keelboard of the ship
fliuiche nf wet, wetness
fliuichead, -eid nm wetness
flodach, -aiche a lukewarm, tepid
□
bha an
t-uisge dubh flodach the water was black
and tepid
flòdrachd
□
same as fleòdrachd
fluoraid nm fluoride
fluorain nm fluorine
flùr, flùir, -aichean nm 1. flower
□
flùraichean geàrrte cut flowers
□
flùraichean an achaidh the flowers of the
field
□
bha iad a’ trusadh fhlùraichean
they were gathering flowers 2. flour
flùr-a’-bhalla nm wallflower f.-bhileag nf
petal
flùranach, -aiche a floral, flowery
flùranachd nf floriculture
fluth, -uith, -uith nm excrescence,
tumour, wen
fluthach, -aiche a tumorous
307 fluthach
fo prep ⫹ dat (len foll. word) below,
beneath, under, underneath
Some basic examples: fo fhichead bli-
adhna a dh’aois under twenty (years
of age)
□
fo làn bhlàth in full bloom
□
fo làn d(h)uilleach in full leaf
□
fo làn
mheas in full fruit
□
fo an cothrom
available to them
□
fo bhàrr under
crops
□
fo fhraoch covered / overgrown
by heather
□
bha am fearann air a dhol
fo fheanntaig is ghìogan the land was
overgrown with nettles and thistles
□
in some phrases used with the under-
lying meaning ‘under the influence of’
□
fo iomagain in a state of anxiety
□
fo
imcheist / fo churam anxious
□
note
also: fo fheasgar before evening
□
fo
mhadainn before morning
fo ⫹ sing def art an combine to make
fon
□
fo bhòrd under a table
□
fon
bhòrd under the table
□
fo thalamh
underground
□
fon talamh under the
ground
□
but the plural remains
unchanged: a-muigh fo na h-iarmailtean
outside under the heavens
The prep prons are:- fodham under me
fodhad under you fodha under him / it
masc foipe under her / it fem fodhainn
under us fodhaibh under you pl &
polite fopa / fodhpa under them
The emphatic forms of these are:- fod-
hamsa, fodhadsa, fodhasan, foipese,
fodhainne, fodhaibhse, fopasan /
fodhpasan
Some examples: bha na clachan air an
cladhach fopa the stones had been
undermined (lit. had been dug under
them)
□
bha e gus a bheul a bhualadh
fodha he was on the point of collapse
□
tha tighinn fodham I am inclined /
disposed to
□
thàinig e fodham I
thought of (doing something) These
two latter expressions are now rare
□
for fodha as an adv see under fodha
itself
The following prep poss adjs may be
found, but it is now recommended that
these be written in full
. The prep fo
combines with poss adjs as follows:-
fom ⫹ len under my fod ⫹ len under
your sing fo ⫹ len under his / its masc
fo (without len but with fo h- before
vowels) but fo ar under our (fo ur n-
before vowels) fo ur under your pl &
polite (fo ur n- before vowels) fon
(fom before b, f, p, m) under their
fo- pref denoting ‘sub-’ / ‘under’,
‘subordinate’
fo-aodach nm underclothes, underwear
f.-bhuidhean nm sub-group f.-
chearclach a concave f.-cheumaiche
nm undergraduate f.-chlàs nm subor-
dinate clause f.-chomataidh nf sub-
committee tha an fho-chomataidh an
sàs ann an deasbad na ceiste seo an-
dràsta the sub-committee is engaged
in discussing this problem at present
f.-chraicneach a hypodermic f.-
dhearg nm infra-red f.-dhearg a infra-
red f.-fhear dheasachaidh nm sub
editor
□
tha ceathrar fo-
luchd-deasachaidh ann there are four
sub-editors f.-ghearradh nm under-
cutting / wave-cut notch f.-innleadair
nm sub-engineer f.-inntinn nf subcon-
scious
□
anns an fho-inntinn in the
subconscious f.-lagh nm/f bye-law
f.-loighne nf byline (pl ⫽ f.-loigh-
nichean) f.-luaimnich, -eachadh v
hover f.-mhothachail a subconscious
f.-roinn v subdivide f.-rèile nm under-
ground railway, subway f.-roinn nf
subdivision f.-rùnaire nm under-
secretary f.-sgiorta nf under-skirt
f.-sgoil nf pre-school f.-sgoil a pre-school
f.-sgrìobh v subscribe, underwrite f.-
sgrìobhadh nm & vn of f.-sgrìobh
subscribing etc. f.-sgriobhadair nm
subscriber f.-sgrìobhair nm subscriber
f.-shruth nm undercurrent f.-stracte
pp underlined f.-structair nm infra-
structure
□
tha iad a’ feuchainn ri fo-
structair na Gàidhlig a neartachadh
they are trying to consolidate Gaelic’s
infrastructure f.-thalamh nf sub-soil
f.-thiotal nm caption, sub-title, sub-
heading
□
film le fo-thiotalan afilm
with sub-titles
□
’s e fo-thiotal an
leabhair seo…the subtitle of this
book is … f.-thiotal v sub-title
□
dòighean ura fo-thiotaladh new ways
of sub-titling f.-thìreach a under-
ground, subterranean
□
faisg air an
stèisean fo-thìreach close to the
underground station f.-thropaigeach
a sub-tropical f.-thropaigean n pl
fòcas, -ais nm focus
□
fòcas lionsa lens
focus
fochaid, -e nf derision, gibe, mocking,
ridicule, scoffing, scorn
□
dèan fochaid air
deride, mock, ridicule, scoff, scorn, twit
fochaideach, -iche a derisive, gibing,
mocking, ridiculing, scoffing, scorning
□
briathran fochaideach derisive words
fochair nm (also fochar) company, pres-
ence
□
na fhochair in his presence
□
na
fochair in her presence etc.
□
bha e na
fochair air gach cothrom he was in her
company at every opportunity
fochann, -ainn nm corn in the blade
□
bha
a’ ghrian a’ deàrrsadh air an fhochann
ghorm the sun was shining on the young
corn
□
… an toiseach am fochann, an sin
an dias … first the blade, then the ear
□
tha
fochann air an eòrna the barley is in blade
□
also fo fhochann in blade
fòd, fòide, -ean nf clod, turf, sod
□
also fòid
nf as nom
fodha adv below, down, under, underneath
□
cuir do sheòladh sìos fodha put your
address down below it
□
cuir fodha
immerse, sink trans
□
chuir e am bàta
fodha he sank the boat
□
cur fodha immer-
sion
□
rach / theirig fodha founder, sink
intrans
□
chaidh am bàta fodha the boat
sank
□
chaidh i fodha she (i.e. the boat)
sank
□
note that a boat is always referred
to as ‘she’ even though the word being
used for ship / boat / vessel may be masc
□
bha iad a’ dol fodha le obair they were
up to their eyes / ears in work
□
cùm fodha
suppress
□
cumail fodha suppression
□
tha
a’ ghaoth air leigeil fodha the wind has
dropped
□
bi fodha be sunk
□
bha a bhrò-
gan fodha anns a’ pholl his boots were
sunk in the mud
□
dèan fodha! backwater!
fodha / fodhasan, fodhad / fodhadsa,
fodhaibh / fodhaibhse, fodhainn /
fodhainne, fodham / fodhamsa, fodhpa /
fodhpasan (or fopasan) prep prons /
emph prep prons resp. of fo (q.v)
fodar, -air nm fodder, provender, straw
fògair, fògairt / fògradh v banish, dispel,
drive away, exile, expel, proscribe, relegate
fluthach 308
sub-tropics f.-thuigse nf subconscious
□
’s ann às an fho-thuigse a tha iad ag
èirigh they rise from the subconscious
(lit. it’s from the s. that they’re rising)
f.-thuiteam nm subsidence f.-ùir nf
subsoil
□
dh’fhògair e an t-sìth gu buileach he
banished the peace completely
fògarrach, -aich, -aich nm exile, fugitive,
outlaw, refugee
□
nuair a bha iad nam
fògarraich when they were exiles
fòghail, -e nf bustle, excitement
□
bha
fòghail air chrith nan cùislean excitement
was trembling in their veins
fòghainn, fòghnadh v avail, do (be enough
etc.) suffice, be sufficient
□
note that, like
all verbs ending in -ainn, fòghainn suffers
syncope in the fut tenses and in the impf /
cond tense
□
fòghnaidh sin that will do /
suffice
□
fòghnaidh na dh’fhòghnas
enough is enough / enough’s good as
a feast
□
dh’fhòghainn sin dha that was
enough for him
□
dh’fhòghnadh sin fhèin
gu do chur an cunnart bho aire a’phoileis
dhìomhair that in itself would be sufficient
to put you in danger of attention from the
secret police
□
fhuair e na dh’fhòghainn
dha den bhaile he had had enough of the
town (lit. he had got what sufficed to him
etc.)
□
fòghnaidh e dhomh a ràdh gu …it
will suffice for me to say that…
□
sin
an rud a dh’fhòghainn dha that’s what did
for him
foghainteach, -iche a mighty, valiant
foghair a autumn
□
(air) madainn fhoghair
(on) an autumn morning
foghar, -air nm harvest
□
Am Foghar
autumn deireadh an fhoghair the end of
autumn as t-fhoghar in the autumn
fogharach, -aiche a phonetic
fogharadh, -aidh nm same as foghar
□
aig
àm an fhogharaidh at harvest time
fogharail, -e a autumnal
foghlaim a educational
□
leabhraichean
foghlaim educational books
foghlaim, foghlam v discipline, educate,
learn
□
bha an teaghlach air am foghlam
aig an taigh the family was educated at
home
□
note that, though teaghlach is
sing, the accompanying pron is pl – this is
common with coll nouns (lit. the family
was after their educating at home)
□
foghlaimibh uamsa learn from me
foghlaimte pp of foghlaim educated,
learned
foghlam, -aim nm & vn of foghlaim
educating etc., (scholastic) discipline,
education, learning, scholarship
□
foghlam
corporra physical education
□
foghlam
mòr-chuairteach comprehensive educa-
tion
□
foghlam àrd-sgoile secondary edu-
cation
□
dh’fheuch e ri a fhoghlam a chur
am meud he tried to widen / extend his
education
□
Foghlam Inbheach Adult
Education
□
Foghlam Leantainneach
Further Education
foghlamaiche, -ean nm learner, tyro
fòghnadh, -aidh nm & vn of fòghainn
sufficing etc., sufficiency
fòghnan, -ain, -ain nm thistle
□
fòghnan
calgach a prickly thistle
fòghnan-beannaichte nm Mary’s thistle
fòghnan-breac nm
□
same as fòghnan-
beannaichte
fòghnan-soilleir nm carline thistle
fògradh, -aidh nm & vn of fògair exiling
etc., banishment, exile, (the state), expul-
sion, relegation
□
fògradh deiridh ultima-
tum
□
air fògradh in exile
□
… a bha thall
air fògradh … who was overseas in exile
fòid, -e, -ean nf turf, sod
foidhl nm foil (tinfoil etc.)
foighidinn, -e nf patience
□
feumaidh
foighidinn a bhith againn we must have
patience
□
tha foighidinn anabarrach aig
an t-seòrsa againne our sort have exceed-
ing patience (lit. there is exc. patience at
the sort at us)
foighidneach, -iche a patient
□
bha e math
dhuit èisteachd rium cho foighidneach it
was good of (lit. for) you to listen to me so
patiently
foighneachd
□
same as faighneachd
foighnich, foighneachd v
□
same as
faighnich, faighneachd
foileag, -eige, -an nf pancake
□
dhèanadh
iad foileagan is tì they used to make
pancakes and tea
foilio, -othan nf folio
foill, -e nf deceit, deception, fraud, guile
□
dèan foill plot
□
dèan foill (air) cheat
□
thuirt e gun robh iad a’ dèanamh foill
(oirnn) he said that they were cheating (us)
foilleachadh, -aidh nm & vn of foillich
fiddling (being dishonest)
foilleil, -e a deceitful, fraudulent, guileful,
perfidious
foilleireachd nf fiddling (being dishonest)
foillich, -eachadh v fiddle (be dishonest)
foillseachadh, -aidh nm & vn of foillsich
publishing etc., disclosure, display, indica-
tion, manifestation, manifesto, publica-
tion, revelation
foillseachaidh a publishing
□
companaidh
fhoillseachaidh a publishing company
foillseachail, -e a (⫹ air) indicative (of)
foillsich, -eachadh v disclose, display,
divulge, manifest, publish, reveal, show,
unfold
□
dh’fhoillsich e e fhèin na charaid
dhuinn he revealed himself as a friend of
309 foillsich
ours (lit. to us – see caraid or do)
□
cha
robh e a’foillseachadh dhuinn iomlanachd
na cùise he wasn’t giving us the whole
picture (lit. disclosing the completeness of
the matter to us)
foillsichear, -eir, -an nm publisher
foinne, -ean nf wart
□
bha foinne mhòr
dhubh air a ghruaidh there was a great
black wart on his cheek
foinneach, -aiche a warty
foipe / foipese prep pron / emph prep pron
resp. of fo (q.v) under her / it fem
fòir, fòirtinn v (⫹ air) succour help, aid,
succour, save, deliver (uncommon)
□
a
Thighearna, fòir orm Lord, save me
fòir, -e nf aid, help, succour
□
dèan fòir air
aid, help, succour v
foireann, -inn, -an nm band (military),
draft, fount / font (type), gang, staff (e.g. of
office staff), troop etc.
□
bha foireannan
fòirneartach anns a’bhaile there were vio-
lent gangs in the town
□
… am measg
foireann an ospadail… among the hospi-
tal staff
foireigneach, -aiche a oppressive
foirfe a perfect
□
dèan foirfe perfect v
foirfeach, -ich, -ich nm elder (of a church)
□
dreuchd foirfich eldership
□
thàinig fear
de na foirfich a-steach one of the elders
came in
foirfeachd nf perfection, maturity
□
thig gu
foirfeachd reach maturity
foirlionach a supplementary
foirlionadh, -aidh nm supplement
foirmealachd nf formality
foirmeil, -e a formal
foirmle, -ean nf formula
fòirneart, -eirt nm violence
fòirneartach, -aiche a oppressive, violent
□
bha foireannan fòirneartach anns
a’ bhaile there were violent gangs in
the town
□
bha e an sàs ann an gnìomha-
ran a’ chomainn fhòirneartaich ud he
was involved in the deeds of that violent
association
fois, -e nf ease, leisure, peace, relaxation,
repose, respite, rest, standstill, tranquillity
□
faigh fois get rest
□
is beag fois a fhuair
iad little respite did they get
□
aig fois at
peace
□
tha e aig fois a-nis he is at peace
now
□
ann am fois in peace
□
bha iad a’
fuireach an seo ann am fois they were liv-
ing here in peace
□
gabh fois rest
□
cuir
inntinn aig fois reassure
□
chuir mi a
h-inntinn aig fois I reassured her
foiseil, -e a peaceful, tranquil
folachd, -an nf blood-feud
follais nf openness, publicness etc.
□
usually used in the form [ann] am follais
‘displayed’, ‘exposed’, ‘open to view’ as
follows:- thig am follais appear, transpire
□
cha tàinig e am follais he didn’t appear /
show up
□
thàinig a’ chiad chlò-bhualadh
de a bhàrdachd am follais anns a’
bhliadhna 1768 the first edition of his
poetry appeared in (the year) 1768
□
… ma
thig iad am follais…if they show up
□
tighinn am follais emergent
follaiseach, -iche a clear, evident, flagrant,
manifest, obvious, patent, prominent, pub-
lic
□
gairm fhollaiseach manifesto
□
bha e
follaiseach gu leòr gu robh e … it was
clear enough that he was…
□
bha brù
mhòr a’ fàs gu math follaiseach air…
a large stomach was becoming quite evi-
dent on him
□
Rannsachadh Follaiseach
a Public Inquiry
□
tha e follaiseach, mar
eisimpleir, nach eil e … it is obvious, for
example, that he isn’t…
□
faodaidh sinn
na h-ùrnaighean seo a chur gu feum gu
dìomhair is gu follaiseach we may use
these prayers privately and publicly
follaiseachd nf publicity
□
tha aon rud
a dhìth oirnn agus is e sin follaiseachd
mhòr a bhith againn we need one thing
and that is to have great publicity
follaiseadh, -idh nm publicity
follaisich, -eachadh v same as foillsich
follasgain nf goldilocks (plant)
fòn, fònaichean nm/f phone, telephone
□
leabhar a’ / na fòn telephone directory
□
bha e air a’fòn he was on the phone
□
bha
Raibeart air a’ fòn ri Mairead Robert was
on the phone to Margaret
□
tha e air a’fòn
dhut he’s on the phone to you
□
these
examples show that the word fòn has
not been fully assimilated into Gaelic, as
there is a reluctance to lenite in the gen
and dat cases
□
chuir mi fòn thuice grunn
thursan I called her a number of times
□
tha am fòn a’ dol the phone is ringing
□
càite a bheil leabhar a’ fòn? where’s the
phone book?
fòn, -adh v phone followed by gu or its prep
prons
□
dh’fhòn e he phoned
□
dh’fhòn mi
gu Seumas I phoned [to] James
□
fònaidh
mi thugad I’ll phone you
□
fòn thugam
anns a’ mhadainn phone me in the morn-
ing
□
iarraidh mi air fònadh air ais thugad
I’ll ask him to phone you back
fòn-cluaise nm earphone
□
bha
fònaichean-cluaise air he was wearing
earphones
fònaiche, -ean nm telephonist
foillsichear 310
fonn, fuinn, fuinn nm 1. air, descant, tone,
tune
□
tog am fonn precent bha e a’ togail
an fhuinn he was precenting 2. gusto,
humour, mood, zest
□
bha e [ann] an
deagh fhonn he was in a good mood /
humour 3. ground, territory
fonnmhor, -oire a dulcet, jovial, melodious,
tuneful
fonnmhorachd nf joviality
fopa / fopasan prep pron / emph prep pron
resp. of fo (q.v) under them
for nm heed, attention, idea, thought, inter-
est
□
cha robh for agam air … I had no
idea of …
□
an rud nach robh for aige air,
’s e gun robh iad … what he had no idea of
was, that they were …
□
uaireannan chan
eil iad a’ toirt for oirnn sometimes they
don’t heed us
□
… gun fhor aige ach air a
ghnothaichean fhèin… with interest only
in his own affairs
for- pref (a) sur- (b) a form of air on, upon
for-chàin nf surtax f.-chosgais nm sur-
charge f.-dhoras nm vestibule f.-sheòmar
nm lobby f.-thalla nm foyer f.-uinneag nf
balcony
fòram, -aim, -an nm forum
forc, fuirc, -an / -aichean nf fork
forc, an fhorc nf spasm, cramp
forca, -an / -aichean nf fork
forca-gleusaidh tuning fork
forfhais.-e nf 1. information
□
… a chum
forfhais fhìrinneach a sholar … (in order)
to procure reliable information
□
cha b’ur-
rainn iad forfhais a thoirt dha they could-
n’t give him [any] information 2. inquiry
□
an dèidh forfhais a dhèanamh…after
making inquiries
□
cha robh fios no
forfhais aca gun robh e a’tighinn they had
no idea he was coming
fòrfhas-ais nm excrescence
fòrladh, -aidh, -aidhean nm furlough,
leave
□
chuir iad seachad am fòrladh
ann am Paris they spent their leave in
Paris
formailteach, -iche a formal
□
bha e air
èideadh car formailteach airson an àite
he was dressed rather formally for the
location
forsail, -e a prosperous, well-to-do
forsair, -ean nm forester
forsaireachd nf forestry
fortan, -ain nm fortune, luck
□
bha fortan
nar fàbhar fortune was in our favour
□
bha
e an dùil fortan a dhèanamh air buntàta
he hoped to make a fortune in (lit. on)
potatoes
fortanach, -aiche a fortunate, lucky
fòs adv moreover, yet, still – much less
common than fhathast
fos (as in fos cionn) dial form of os cionn
(see cionn, os cionn)
fosadh, -aidh, -aidhean nm respite, truce
fosail, -ean nm fossil
fosaileach a fossil
fosfat, -ait nm phosphate
fosfor, -oir nm phosphorus
fosforail a phosphorous
fosgail, fosgladh v open, unfold, unpack,
unseal, clear (land of trees)
□
fosgail (glas)
unlock
□
fosgail sùil(ean) disabuse
□
bidh
seo a’ fosgladh ur sùilean this will disa-
buse you / open your eyes
□
fosgail an
doras open the door
□
dh’fhosgail i an uin-
neag she opened the window
□
cala a tha
a’ fosgladh ris an ear-dheas a harbour
which opens to the southeast
□
bha an litir
fhathast gun a fosgladh the letter was still
unopened
□
a’ fosgladh sheann lotan
opening old wounds
fosgailte pp open, explicit, frank, free, overt
□
gu fosgailte openly adv
□
an t-Oilthigh
Fosgailte the Open University
□
anns a’
mhargadh fhosgailte in the open market
□
bha i air na h-uinneagan fhàgail fosgailte
she had left the windows open
□
tha e glè
fhosgailte ris a’ chuan it is very open to
the sea
□
fosgailte (ri / do) amenable (to)
tha sinn fosgailte ri beachdan-smaoin ùra
we are amenable to new ideas
fosgailteachd nf frankness, openness
fosgarra a frank, free, ingenuous, open
□
duine fosgarra extrovert
fosgarrachd nf candour
fosgladh, -aidh, -aidhean nm & vn of
fosgail opening etc., aperture, loophole,
orifice, overture, shaft (of a mine), vent
□
fosgladh sùla enlightenment
fosglair, -ean nm opener (tin, bottle)
□
fosglair chanastair tin-opener
fosglan, -ain, -ain nm porch
□
fosglan a’
chaolain rectum
fòthannan, -ain, -ain nm
□
same as
fòghnan
foto-cho-chur nm photosynthesis
foto-cho-churte a photosynthetic
fotograf, -an nm photograph
fotografachd nf photography
fotostat nm photostat
fradharc, -airc nm (older radharc) eye-
sight, seeing, sight, prospect, vision
□
thig
am fradharc appear, show up
□
thoir am
fradharc reveal, show
□
fradharc lèirsinn
eyesight
□
fradharc tìre landfall
□
ceart
fhradharc perspective
311 fradharc