Цветков Е.В., Алябышева Т.М., Парфенов Л.Г. Оптимальные режимы гидроэлектростанций в энергетических системах
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
.tt
.#
rc
F
4.
<
aa
-.
-)
IT-I F
tllti
>)1< l
lf
rrl
-
tJ!
'.d
-
4
-
-)
c
7
t'
{t
a.l
'<r{
tq
iv
P !--
Pco
=\
\J
"--1
F.
sa
rd
o"\
af\
t3\
sa!
r'.1
v
d-$
^^
o
l-\
'r<
tsd
e
t-1
F{
U
E
Fi(
r)
X
fF(
)-(
v
U
trl
IrF(
b",
|Fr{
F\
F4
tri
t-{
Fr
14
F1.{
f*{
o
-t4
fF(
F>'
FJ{
F"f
FF{
F1-(
f*(
F{
L)
\"r'
R-(
F{
b(
t;rl
F(
*)
(D
A
v
F.l
fr
"--\L
lF(
h>l
t-{
fr{
A
|.Ll
b-r(
a
lF{
N
hd
(\
hd
F\
t-{
ic
ld(
^l
l+{
lr{
trfrr{
ba
F..n(
F--)
tsq
A
lr5
>d
F-(
F-(
fE{
v
cg
Fft
-
q)
f-,t
E
rA
\o
H
Fn0
--l
H
t
at
t'F(
\t,
t,
r t-t
r-
Fd
.
lE(
Fa
f*(
i!^
h*(
F.<
)<r
q/
F--
f6
l-f
f-{
"^
f-l
F-f
EEK 31.5
U2z
YAK
621.31
1.21 :658.514.01
2.t22
P
eqeH
s ent
B.
A.
CTenaHoa
NCNOBI,IE
f"lporner(TpocraHulra
Bbr[o/rHrror Becblra orBercrBeHHbIe
Qytixquu
B coBpelreHHbrx
gHeprer?rqecKHX
cncrervrax,
yqacr-
Byfl
B 6a"uaHcax
NfollrHocrri H
aHeprrru,
[oKpbrBar Han6onee
HepaBHoMepHyto
qacrb
rpa$nxon Harpy3oK,
o6ecneqrBafl,
pe-
3epBbr
MoII{HocrH H
gHeprHH.
Ha,rinqlie
B cocraBe
gHeprocu-
creM
fuAposJreKTpocraHunri
yc,/'rox{Hfler
rrJraHHpoBaHI{e H
aHa-
ilH3
peIKHMOB
3HeprOCHCTerr, HO
B
TO
X(e
BpeMf H COSAaeT
3Har{HTe.rrbHbte
Bo3ilto}KHocTH
'.J[fl
onT}ilvlH3auHH
pex{HMoB.
faApoeneKTpocraHuHH
ocyqecrBJrflror cyror{Hoe,
HeAe,.rbHoe,
ce3oHHoe, foAoBoe
fi
IvIHofoJreTHee
pefy/[rpoBariHe
cToKa
cBoHMI{
eoAoxpaHHJrHuIaMH.
floerouy
AJrfl
f3C
craBflTcf
rr
peuaroTcq
3aAarrH
orrTprMH3arJ.Hvr
pelKHMoB
Ka)r(Aoro Lr3
yKa-
3aHHbrx
BbrIUe BHAOB
peryJrHpoBaEkrfl,,
flpnqeM B
yBff3Ke
c
pelKHrvraMH
Apyfr4x
THnoB
3reKTpocrasr{uft,
TaK KaK
rHApo-
3"rleI(TpocraHl{prH-cocraBHafl
qacrb
3HeprocHcreM.
Irlureg-
cpIBHo nporcxoAsurHli
npoqecc
yKpynneHHfi
kr
o6'reAnseHnfl
3Heprocr.rcreilr
t4
co3.{,aHHfl
Elprsofi
gHeprocncreMbt
crpaHbr
BbrHy)KAaer
paccMarpaBarb
pelKr.rMbr
f3C
B
cocraBe
6o"uee
o6u{ux
3HeprernqecKprx
3aAaq,
peuaeMbtx
AJrn
o6teAnneHubrx
SHeDrOCHCTer,t.
l-HAposneKTpocraHr{Hrr
pa6oranr
raK}Ke
B
cocraBe BoAo-
xogqHcrBeHHbrx
cHcreM,
odecneqlteaq noMr{iuo
3HeprerHKH
HylKAbr
Lr H€HepreruqecKax
BoAonorpe6urerefi kr
BoAonoJrb-
soaaterefi,
qro
raKiKe
npprxoAHTCfl yrIHTbrBarb
rrpH
pacqere
H 2H2,i'rH3e pe}IiprMoB
f3c. Pons
He3HepferHqecKHX
yqacrHH-
KoB
BoAoxo3flficreeHHoro
Koruil"'reKca
c
reqenneM
BpeMeHH
Bo3pacraer,
yqer
HX
rpe6oeauuli
craHoBtrrcfl Bce
6onee
cnoxsofi
saAaqeri.
B
cu/ry orNIeqeHnbrx
rtpHr{HH
rl,fldHHpoBaHr.ie
onrn},la,'rbHbrx
pelKI,IMoB
pa6orlt
KacKaAoB
fDC
B 3Heprerur{ecKr,rx Lr
BoAo-
xossrtcrBeHHbrx
cncreMax
craHoBr.rrcfl
Bce 6onee
cnoxHoft
ga-
Aa.Iefi
n rpe6yer
npnbieHeHHr
coBpeMeHHbIX
l,rareiuarnriecKux
IueroAoB
u 3BM.
BHe!,peHrte
3Bi\l
kr
aBrolrarn3prpoBaHHbrx
cprcrelr
]*npaB-
/TeHHfi,
KaK
II3BeCTHO,
HHTeHCLTBIIO
pa3BUBaeTCfi
BO BCeX OT-
pacrflx
HapoxHoro
xo3flfrcrBa,
n rorr
qr.rc,{e
i{
B 3HeprerHKe.
B
3Heprerrrr(e
co3AaHbr rrepBarr rr
BTopan
oqepeAH
orpac"{e-
nPEA
l{nerxoe
E.
3.
n
AP.
lJ27
OnrnuanbHbre
pelKirMbr
rHApo3iteKrporrayuqti
B
sHeprerHqecKHx
cHCreM
axl
E
B.
I-iser_KoB,
T.
M.
Ans-
6lrureea,
II.
f.
flapQeHoe;
fIoA
peA. E.
B.
I-[eerl{o-
Ba.
-
M.:
Sneproarolt
Llr.D,ar,
1984.-304
c',
u''t'
B nep.
I
p.
l0 ri.
1200
gKs.
H 3KCnJIyaTaqI{oHHI'IKOB'
230501
0000-286
rr--:-
-
236-84
*o5l
(01)-84
E6K 31.5
6n2.3
3ueproarotuH3Aar,
198,1
A\
$,,
eoft
OACy
<SueprnR>,
BKflioqatoulue
6onru:oe
qHcJIO
pa3no-
o6pt.totx
rexHo.r'lornqecKnx
3!ta:
l^!a3npylolqnt:Lgu
38M
3-io
noKolennff.
B
UI.y
EOC
CCCP'
Bo Bcex
OAy'
Kpyn'
Hblx
3HeprocHcTebfax,
a
TaKlKe
B
npoeKTHblx
opraHH3aqHfiX
co3AaHbI
Bblq[icJIHTeJIb]Ible
I{eHTpbI'
Ha
KOTOpbIX
peIIIaeTCfi
6onlurOe
eHCa'Io
TeXHoJIorHqecKHx
3aAaq
ynpaBaeHHf;
IJ
co-
cTaB
3THX
3aAaq
BXoAflT
H 3aAaqH
pacqeTa
H aHz.r-IH3a
pe)KI4:
MoB
pa6otut
KacKaAoB
f3C
B
3HeprernqecKux
H
eoAoxossft-
CTBCHHbIX
CHCTCMAX.
OcHoeHtlIyI
coAeplKaHHeM
nactosir{eli
KHI{rlI
nBJlsercfi
H3-
JIOIKeHIIe
MeTOAOB
H
aJIfOpHTMOB
OIITHMH3AI\LrLr,
pacqeTa
Ll
aHaJIH3a
KaK
AoJlrocpoqHblx
(Ha MHoroJlerHe,
foA,
qacrb
ro4a),
raK
H KparKOCpOqHbrx
(Ha
_ue4eJrro,
cyrxra)
peIKHMOB
pa6otur
fOC
B
3neprocucTeN1ax. Kpoivre
roro,
paccMorpeHbl
MeTOAbl
H
aJITOpHTMbI
perleHHfl
3aAaq
onepaTliBHoro
ynpaB-
JreHHff
peX(HIvIaMH
l3C,
nolyqarclque
IIIHpoKoe
pacnpocrpa-
HeHHe
B
nocJIeAHHe
foAbl,
a TaKlKe
MeTOAbI
H
aJITOpHTMbI
onTHMaJIbHoro
nIaHHpoBaHHfl
peMoHroB
arperaroB
f3C
c
yqeToM
peIKHMOB
3HeprocHcreM.
-
VxagaHHble
MeToAbI
O6ecneqHBalOT
eAuHslli
83aHMOyBff-
gasusltl
KoMIIJIeKc
pe[IeHHfl 3aAaq
nJIaHHpoBaHHn
H
ynpaBJle'
HHfl
peiKHMaMH
fOC Ha
Bcex
ypoBHflx npeueHuofi
lr
reppn-
TopHaJIbHoIi
HepapxHH
ynpaBJIeHHn
coBpeMeHHblx
3Hepro-
cncrenn.
OHu
cocraBJlfiIor
cyu{ecTBeHnylo
qacTb
aBToMaTr3tt'
ponannoir
cncreMbl
A6cnerqepcKoro
ynpaBJIeHHfl
(ACtry)
H
TecHO
CBf3aHbI
c
O6IIIHMH
3aAarIaMH
nJIaHLIpOBaHHf
H
ynpaB-
JIeHHf
3HepreTHqeCKHIvlH
peX(I{MaMII,
-paCCN{OTpeHHbIMli
B
KHH'
re
noA
peA. B.
M.
FopHrgreftHa
<<MeroAsI onrHMPI3aUHlI
pe-
x{rIMoB
3neprocncreM)>
[49].
Ha oCHOBe
paccNIOTpeHHblX
B
KHHre MeTOAOB
PI
aJlro-
pHrMoB
Bo
BHkIHg
-
BU
fTy
pa3pa6oraHlt
MaTIHHHbIe
flporpal{Mbl,
BHeApeHHbIe
B
npaKTHKy
3Kcnnyarallnn
6onl-
IxI{HCTBA OTCqECTBCHHbIX
KACKAAOB
fHAPOY3JIOB.
OnpeleneHHoe
BHHIr{aHHe
B
KHHte
yAeJIeHo
npaKTHI{ecKI{M
aCneKTat,,t
npHMeHeHHfl
MeToAoB
Pr aJIropHTMOB.
flpueoAnrcn
pacr{eTHbIe
npHMepbI,
noKa3bIBaFoIII,He
aQQenrH-eHocTb
npeA'
JraraeIvIbtX
aJIropHTMOB,
BO3MolKHocTH
pa3pa60TaHHblx
Ma'
r.trHHHblx
fiporpaNt}|[,
nyTH
HCIO,IIb3OBaHHf
STHX
npOfpal\'IM
B
3KCn/IyaTaIIHOHHbIX
H
npOeKTHblx
pacqeTax.
Kontn.nexcHbIIi
noAXoA
K
n,i'laHHpoBaHHrc
fi
oneparHBHoldy
yrrpaBaeHHIo
peX(Ht\Iat{lI
KacKaAoB
f 3C o6yclonltn
Heo6Xo-
AuNrocrb
pasBHrtlff
yKa3aHHblx
Bblge_pa9Pa6otoK,
Koropble
AofloJIHffIor
vr
pacul{pflror
IiHHry
E.
B.
I-[nerxoea
<<Pac'Ier
onTHIlIa/lbHoro
pery,llIpoBaHHfl
CTOKa
BOAOXpaHti"IHIIIaMH
fgAposileKrpocraHugir
Ha
uBMn,
Bbr1lyilIeHgylo
B
1e67
r.
[68].
4
MarepHaJr
KHHrH
orBeqaer
sar,atatr,
nocraBteuHblM
Snep'
rerHllecKoi:r
nporpalvttvrofi
CCCP.
Tar, onrHMH3aUHfi
SKcIIJIya'
rauHoHHbrx
pex{HMoB pa6oru
KacKaAoB
fgc
B
COCTaBe
O.6l'
eAHHeHHbIX
gHeprOCHCTeM
Ha[paBJIeHa
Ha
yBedTHrieHHe
Bblpa-
6orrn 3HeprHH
f3C H sI(oHoMHro
B
pacxoAoBaHHH TortJIHBa
Ha
T3C,
qro
orBeqaer ocHoBHoMy
noJIolKeHI4Io
nporpaMMbI,
npeAy-
cMarpHBarct{eMy
rpoBeAeHrre aKTIIBHoTI eHeproc6epenarctrleil
rroJ[rTHKH,
BceMepHyro SKOHOMI4TO
TOnJTUBa n
SHepfH,!{.
LlcnorrsoBaHHe npeAJraraeil{brx
B KHHre
MeroAoB
rr aJlro-
prrrMoB
pacqera
pelKHMon
l3c
4"nn
nni6opa ocHoBHbrx
napa-
rvieTpoB riiApoy3iioB 6yaer
cnocodcrBoBarb
I\afib-rie';i,iiieivi!
tso-
BJreqeHHro B 3HepferHqect<ttft 6anaHc acpQeKTHBHbrx
BO3O6HOB-
/rffeM brx rr.iAposHep f eTHqecKHX
pecypcoB.
Aeroprr c 6naro1apHocrbro orMeqaror
rBopqecKoe
y.Ia-
crue B
Hcc/reAoBaHHflx
corpyAHHKoB o6'be4nueHHofi
ra6oparo-
pEvr pelKHMoB
3HepfocHcreM BH[4V13
-
BU fTy.
Bo"uruioe
yqacrne
B
srHX
pa6orax
npHHHMaJTH H
corpyAHHKH
MHofHX
3KC[JryaTaqHOHHbrX
OpfaHH3aIIHrl,
fA€ rIpOH3BOAHJIOCb BHeApe-
HHe
pa3pa6orox.
Oco6euuo BeJrHKa
B
sroM
poJrb
coTpyAHHKoB
c,TylK6br
onrnlvrn3a:U.Hpr ruApo3HepreraqecKnx
pelKHMoB
UAy
E3C
CCCP.
Aeropnr BblpalKaror
rrpHgHare.rrbuocrb
KaHAHAaTaM
rexH. HayK B.
A. Crenauoey
v C.
E.
EnaxoecKoMy
sa
Hx
r{eHHbre
coBeTbt
H 3aMeqaKKfl..
flpocr6a
3aivreqaHHr H
rrolKe/raHHfl
no
KHHre Hanpalilrrb
B
3HeproaroMnsAar
no aApecy:
113114,
Mocxea,
M-114,
Lllnrcaoe
afl Ha6., 10.
Aaropat
r.riABA
1
COCTAB
H
HASHAT{EHHE
PACTIL,-I-UB
OTITI,IMAJIbHOTO
PEf YJI
HPOBAHH'I
PEq
HOTO
'L?fi"?H?1?ttTl#,ffir'
1.I,I'HAPOSJIEKTPOCTAHUHH
B
SHEPI'ETIITIECKHX
H
BON.OXO3frVICT
BEH
HbIX
CHCTEMAX
fia4poaneprernqecKue
l..yp.ol
peK
CCCP.
PasnHqarct
TeOpeTHr{eCxnlit,
TeXHHT{eCfUft
H SKoHOi\'IH'{eCXHIl
noTeHIIHaJIbI
fHAposHeprerHqecKllx
pecypcoB.
'feoperHqecnnft
noreH
qHa
il
rnApo3Hepropecyp-
coB
He
yquTbiBaeT
noTepn
cTOKa
H soguoii
3HeprHH
npn
ee
npeo6paeoeaHHlt
B
SJIeKTpllqecKylo.
T e xH
pI
1I
e c
x n l'i
r
I'I
A-
p
OgHep
r eT
H
r{e
Ct<uh
11OTeH
I{LIaJI-3TO
Ta
qacTb
rr.rApo3neprgpecypcoB,
KoTopaff
ilIo)i{eT
6url
HCtlOJIb3oBaHa
nyreM
coopylKeHufl
ruApos/IeKrpocraHl{Hfi.
llpn
pacqere TeX-
HprqecKoro
noreHUHaJIa
yqPITbIBaIoTcfi
norepn
(n
ot6opnr)
BOAbl,
norepH
}lanopa
u
Apyrue
norepH
sHepfHII
peK
npH
ee
npeo6pagoiaHHn
B
eJleKrpo3Heprulo.
3
Ko
H o
M
lI
q
e c
xuh
f
HAposH
ep
f
eTHqecKHr?
nOreHqnail
npeAcTaBJIfl-
er
co6orl
Ty
r{acrb
rexHHr{ecKHX
rHApo3HepfopecypcoB'
Hc'
rroJrb3oBaHue
KoTOpoi{
Ha
AaHHONI
STane
pa3BI'ITHfl
HapoAHoro
xo3fl
IlcrB a
fl.lilfl'ercfl
3KoHoMHrIecKH
ueJlecoo6paeuuvt'
llarr6o"rrtruuft
HHTepec
npeAcTaBJrseT
sKoHoMllqecKHH
no-
reHUHa.{
fHAposHepropecypcoB,
Koropblll
AJifl
peK
CCCP
san-
6ontiuutt
cpeAn
fnApossepronoreHllnaJloB
.ApyrIIX
cTpaH
MH-
pa
u
Aocruraer
1095
MripA.
xBr'q
(
1
1,1
Yo
MPIpoBoro)
.
Ans
cpaBHeHufl
orruerHM,
r{To
aKoHoNInqecKHIA
noreHUI'IaJI
ru4p_o_
eHepropecypcoB
peK
CLIIA
cocraBrlfler
685,
EpaeunHn-657,
Kariaair
J'218,
g-nonnu -
132,
@paHuz14
-
70 MrIpA.
xBr'q.
OAuaxo
pacnpeAeJIeHHe
ruAposnepropecypcoB..
no.. reppH-
ropun
CCCP
KpaIiHe
HepaBHoMep{ge:
B_
eBponeticxotl
qacrn
crpaHbl
cocpeAoToqeno
JIHIIIb
18,4
%
o6ulecorc3uoro
noreH-
6
I{HaJIa;
a
OCTa,rIbHbIe
B
a3HaTCKOft
.IaCrH
CTpaHbI,
B
TOM_
tIIIcIe
e Ca6ripn 38,5,
B CpeaHefi
AeHH
vr
KasaxcraHe
18,3,
Ha
fia.ntneir
Bocrore
27',3, Ha Ceeepuorvl
Kaerase
lr
B
3axas'
Kasbe 6,4olo.
Ha Har{a,ro
1981 r. oKoHorvrriqecKnr?
rHApogHepronoreHUH-
aJI B
Ue"lOlI
nO
CCCP
HcnO,,'Ib3OBaH
Ha
19,201s,
n
TONI
qI{C,J'Ie
B eBponeftcxort
qacra
CCCP
-
Ha 40olo. ilp^
cpaBHeHHn
yra'
)KeM,
qTo
aKoHoMHqecKHIl
IIoTeHUHaJI
CIIIA
Hcnoiib3oBaH
Ha
40,
KaH
ag:''-
-
rua 45,
f
nou HH
-
Ha 58
%
.
Bnto
a6oyra
3HeDFHH
fOC
CCCP
cocraBa,'Ia
B
1980
r.
'
a , ^ ^, / ,
IdJ,y NIJIpA.
KIJT.g,
HJIH
14,Z'ls OOIltefO
IIpol'IsuoAc't{j1
rfiEPi
lw+,
ycraHoB",'IeHHan
x{olllHocrb
r3c
-
52,3
MJIH-
K-Br,
HIII4
19,60/o
cvllMapHori
l!{oulHocrll
SJIeKTpocrauUltfi,
B.
Tolvl
t{Hc"Ie
B
Cu1wpu
55,b, B
3axaexasoe
38,4,'ts
Cpeauefi
ASHH
I'I
Ka'
saxcraHe
28,3010.
@opuHpoBaHHe
cToKa
peK
npoHcXoAHr
11oA
BJIHflHIIeM
pasHoo6paSHbIx
feoQI,IsLIsecKHX
Saxtopoe,
EJlfr
KoropbIX
Bo3MoX{Ho
JIHiIIb
BepoflTHocTHoe
onacanne.
llo
eToft
npHqHHe
H
HSMeHeHHe CTOKa BO BpeMeHH npenCTaB,.'IflIOT
B
BHAe
CTOXa'
cTHqecKoro
npoqecca,
B
I(oTopoM Ha
AeTepMHHL{pOBaHHble
H3'
MeHeHHfl
HaJIararorcfi
cryqafluble
Ko,'Ie6aHHfi.
Bec
c,,'iyqafIHbIX
Kone6aHHI:I
BeJIHK,
Iiro
Ae/Iaer
HeBo3MolKHblMH
oAHoSHaqHbIe
AOJrrOCpOqHbre
fHAPOnOfHqeCKHe
npOrHO3bL
CnyuaftHtte KO/te6aHHff
perIHOrO
cTOKa
npgffBJIfiFoTCfl
KaK
B MHOrO.IierHeM, TaK H
B
TOAOBOM
pa3pe3ax.
foAoelte
croKu
peK
HMercT
6onlruAe
pa3JiI4qHq,.
KpOMe
TOrO,
na6,rlOAaIOTCff
uHKJIbl
N{aJIOBO.ILHbIX
H I\{HOfOBOAHbIX
.r1eT,
npHqeM
npoAoJI}KI',I-
TeJIbHocrH
3rHX
uHK;roB
raKx(e cnyvaliuri.
Bo
BHyrpHroAoBoM
pa3pe3e
pe3l{o
pa3,lHqalorcfl
croKH
pa3HbIX nepHO.XOB
fOAa.
CtoxacrHqecKafl npHpola
peqHoro
croKa
o6vc,roe.nl'lBaer
TO,
IITO
BbIPA6OTKA sJIEKTPO3HCPrHH OTAC,'IbHbIX
f3C,
KACKA.
AoB
f3C vr
Bcex
f3C
crpaHbl xapaKrepa3yercfl
cyil{ecrBeH-
HOII HenpeAcKa3yel,forl
H3MerrqHBocrbK) B
MHofOJIerHeilf
pa3pe.-
3e, a raKlKe
no
ce3oHaM
foAa,
AalKe
c
yqeroM
HeKoroDOIl
acHHXpoHHocrH
croKa
pa3Hbrx
peK
H
peryJlHpylouero
Aefict-
BHfi BoAoxpaHHJrHUi
f3c.
B ra6.r.
L I
a.'rs
lIJIJIIocrpa[LIH
[pHBeAeHbt
AaHHbIe
o
fiax-
ruqecxofr
entpa6orre
oHeprHH
f3C
Bo"nxcxo-Kaucxoro
Kac-
KaLa
sa l0-"'rerpHft
nep6oA
(
1970-
1979
p.)
.
Hati6o,Trutan.
pa3Haua
B roAoeori
eutpa6orKe sHeprHH
orl{x
fOC
e
sror
IIe-
pHoA
AOCrHfaer
46olo
cpeAHeNrHofo",'rerHer:r
Bbrpa6orKH.
CroxacrrlqecKafl
npHpoAa
peqHoro
cToKa
or.[t{qaer
f
3C
or 3,.teKTpocraguHt?
.qpyfHX
TI{noB, 3Haq}rreJIbHo
yc"'Ioit(Hfler
nJiaHHpoBaHHe
H
aHaiIH3
Hx
pelKrrMoB,
Bbr6op
14
o6ocuoeaHue
HX
npoeKTHbIX
napalreTpoB, ycTaHoBfieHHe npaBIIfl
HX
3KC-
n,TyaTanHlr,
7
f
HAposreKrpocraHr{
!t s
Ta6auqa
l.l.
,{HHarnxa
HsMeHeHH.fl
Bbtpa6orKH
Oaxrnqecxax
1970
r.
1971
r.
1972
r.
1973 r.
5F
er!:
E.,5
Ee!a
Eb..;
rEi
r;-
E8E
i:id
oA*
>=F
VrraqcxaR
Prr6Hscras
foprxoecran
Bolxcrag
ulreng
B.
H.
.Ilennsa
GaparoacraR
unrexu JIe-
HHHCKOfO
KOMCOMONA
Borxcxar nr"rena
XXI
I
cre3Aa
KfiCC
ftraaroscKaR
KaMcxaq
BorxuHcrcac
Bcero
ll0
330
520
2300
1360
2541
rac )
tuuia
504
1000
883t,4
2t4
I 050
I 513
t0 r00
5400
lt 100
590
l9t5
2388
34
270
100
162,7
989,6
t527,5
10539,4
5162,6
1t788,2
637,3
1897,4
2427,9
35132,6
102,5
t98,2
645,8
l20g,0
l0l13,6
5378
,0
10786,5
755,
0
2r80,3
2707,4
33972,9
99,1
r38,8
551,0
1099,8
9525
,6
4959,7
10251
,
I
564
,8
1987,3
2626,8
31707,9
92,5
1
58,0
436,3
991,3
6091
,9
3840,2
E330,4
618,I
1843,I
2t53,7
25293,0
73,8
KacxaAnoe
HcnoJrb3oBaHue
peK
cHcreMar{H
rnApoy3JroB.
D,ng
coBpeMeHHoro
grana
HcnoJrb3oBaHHff
BoAHo3Heprernqe-
CKHX
pecypcoB
xapaKTepHbrM
flBJrfleTcrr
coo
p ylKeH
He
KpyrHbIX
KacKaAoB
f
3C
c 6onbrxHMH
BoAo-
x
p
aH H Jr H rrl
a M H,
O6eCneqHBarorrHx
HaH6oJree
noJrHoe H
eQQexrHBuoe
HcrroJrb3oBaHHe
oHeprHH peK.
KacxaAnoe
pac[oflox(eHne
fAC
npeAonpeAerqer
B3aHMo-
cBfi3b
peIKHMOB
BOAOXpaHHJTHTq
f3c
no
pacxoAaM
BoAbr, a
oqeHb
r{acTo
H
no HanopaM,
r{To
AOJT}KHO
yr{HTbIBaTbCfi
B
Ma-
TeMaTHr{ecKHX
MOAeJTflX pacr{eTa
H aHailHSA
pe}KHMOB
f3c.
Ha
6onrurHHcrBe
orerrecrBeHHbrx
foc
o6ecne,Iena Bbrco-
Kafl creneHb
3apefyJrHpoBaHHocrH
per{Horo
croKa
6narolapn
co3AaHr{ro
KpynHbrx
BoAoxpaHHJrHr.u,
ocyruecTBJrflrorIIHx
pery-
JII{pOBaHHe
CTOKa B Ce3OHHOM,
TOAoBOM
H
AaX{e
MHO|OJrerHeM
pa3pe3ax.
Crenent 3aperyJrnpoBaHHocrH
croKa onpeAeJrffercfl
K
o
o
Q-
QauHeHToM
orHocHTe,,lrbHoro
o6teMa
0,
Koro-
pllfi
paBeH
orHorueHnro
noJre3Hono
o6teua BoAoxpaHHJrr{Ua
Woon
K
cpeAHeMy
3a
MHoroaerHHfi_nepnoA
o6reuy
roAoBoro
croKa Vl
e creope f3C:
g:
Wooo/W.
BoloxpaHHJrHrrIa
f3c
B
3aBHcHNrocrH
or
Hx
orHocrrreJrb-
Horo
o6telvra
}roryr
ocyqecrBJrflTb
KaK
Kparr(ocpoqHoe
(cy-
8
5ntircipoarepnin
Ha
f OC
BolxcKo-Kaucroro
KecKaEa
aupa6orra,
ltau.rBt.t/
roA
CpeAnrx
sa
l0
ret
2O7,4
634,8
lJdl
,o
13856,
I
5249,
lr7l0.
586
,4
1860,
2675,8
35173
,6
102,
245,1
832,7
.t
+ou,
/
8348,9
4824,9
s305, I
378,7
1
491
,3
l88l,3
28791,5
84
,0
253,7
810,4
lJol,t
8353, I
4720,2
9043,6
475,6
1425,4
l65g,5
28127
,7
82,
1
284
,8
926,5
ttvz,r
t2823,7
6379,4
616,7
2266,6
2794,2
41056,1
I19,8
206
,6
1068,7
luou
,
t
I
1872,0
5728,2
12904,5
635,8
2050,6
2778,5
38E51,6
1
13,4
203,6
762,0
'OAQ A
9677
,7
DOJ
,.r
1845,2
2351
,4
32404 ,
I
94
,6
III
IV
45
l0
14
13
15
l3
r8I,0l
:: :l
95,
I
72,6
9),
!
95,8
93,3
9D,
C
95,5
96,4
98
,5
94,6
TOqHOe,
HeAeJrbHOe), TaK H
AOnrOCpOt{HOe
[CeeOHUOe
(rOnO-
Boe),
MHoroJrerHee]
peryJrHpoBaH'He
croKa.
B
npeAe"rrax oAHHX
cyroK
HJrLr HeAeJIH
peqHofi
croK
AJlfr
6onnuHHcrBa
peK paBnoMepHbrfi;
npn HeAeJIbHoM
H cyToqHoM
pefy/rHpoBaHHH
npoHcxoAHr rpaHcQopMallHf
paBHoMepHoro
rpaQHKa croKa
r{epe3
f3C
B HepaBHoMepHbIIi
B
coorBercrBHu
c rpe6oBaHHffMI{ rlorpe6nreJleli.
HanpHuep,
B
pa6oqHe
AHH
HeAe/rH
(nepHo4ur
BbrcoKHX Hafpy3oK
3HeprocHcreMbl)
BoAo-
XPAHHJIHUIA
CPA6ATbIBAIOTCff,
A B BbIXOAHbIE
AHH
HANOJIIIflTOT.
cfl.
Ans
BoAoxpaHH;IHIII
cyrot{Horo
I{ HeAeJIbHoro
pefyJlnpo-
BaHHfl
F:0,01
.
0,02.
BHyrpn
roAa croK
pacnpeAeJren
KpafrHe
HepaBHoMepHo.
HanpHrrep,
pacnpeAe.reHHe
cyilrMapHori
ecrecrBeHHol?
npH'
ror{HocrH
K
crBopaM f3c
BHyrpH foAa
(uersrpe
KBapra/Ia)
,ItJrfl
rpex
ocHoBHbrx
KacKaAoB f3C
CCCP,
Ha
Koropbte
npu'
xoAHrcn 63% Bbrpa6orxn
eHeprr4n Bcex f3C
B
EOC CCCP,
EJrn
roAa
cpeAHeft
BoAHocTH xapar{TepH3yercfl
cJIe.(ytoIIIHMH
sHaqeHHfl&fH (olo
ro,LOBorO |IpHTOKa)
:
KacxaAsr
Anra
po-Ens
ce ricxlrr'i
Bo;rxcxo-Kaucrn
ir
!,nenpoecxrlft
.
.
I II
441
r0
63
1F Fr
ro
oo
llpH ce3oHHoilr
(roloeorri)
pOrynHpoeaiiHn
c'roi<a eofio.
kpariunaula
cpa6aruBarorcfi
B oceHHe-3prmHraii
nepnoA H Ha-
rroJiHflrorcfi
B seceiiHail flepHoA.
BoaoxpaHHJrHrrre
HNreer Bo3-
MOiKHOCTb BbrnOJrHfTb
Ce3OHHOe pefyJrHpoBaHHe
cToKa
npH
F:0,02
.
0,1 14 roAoBoe
peryJrnpoBaHne
croKa
npn
F:0,1-=
0,3
(6o"rrnurrae
3HaqeHur
p orBeqarcr
6oabrueMy
xoaQQuur.reH-
Ty
H3NreHqHBocrH
croxa
cr).
]J,enrro
MnoroJierHero peryJlapoBaHnff
croKa
flB/rflercfl
Bbr-
paBHHBaHHe
3aperyJrripoBaHHofo
cToKa
rro
foAaM:
yBeflHrre-
HHe CTOKa MaJIOBO.TI.IIbIX Jrer
pr
yMeHbrxeHr{e
croKa MHoroBoA-
Hbrx Jrer.
Ann
BbrnoJrHeHrifl
MHorofierHero
pery/rnpoBaHHfl
croKa
AoJIIKHo
6url
p>0,3.
3QQexrHBHocrb
AJrnreJrbHoro
peryJrupoBaHLrn
croKa or{e-
HrBaercr
KosQQnrIHeHToM
p
ery"'r
H
p
o B aHHfr.
a.,
[PeACraBJrflrorrlHivr
oTHorrreHHe
3apery,/'rHpoBaHHofo
pacxoAa
K
cpeAHeMHoroJIerHeMy pacxoAy:
o:
Qp."
/
Q*".
BoloxpaHHJrlrura
A/rHTeJrbHoro
peryjirpoBaHHfl
o6nr.ruo
Bblno/rHflroT H
Bce
MeHee
AJIHTeJTbT{bre
BHAbI peryJrHpoBaHHfl
cToKa.
Ha I
s,una,px l98l
r.89 Han6onee
i(pynHbrx
oreqecrBelr,Hbrx
HMeJTH
50 BoAoxpamlrJrurrl c rroJre3HbrM
o6telrorvr 445
095
MJIH.
M3,
cccTa'BHJIO
52010
rpeflJtrrpleMoro
3THMtr BoloxpaHHjr{4rr{a,Mlr
cToKa
T
a
6 ;r
lr
u
a
1.2.
XapaKrepr{crnxu
Hau6olee
Kpyngbix
Bo[oxpaHHrrHU{ fOC CCCP
[611
B
Hacroqqee
Bpe1rfi
Ao[oJIHHreJIbHo
co3Aaercff
eule
15
Kpy[HbIX
Bo'['o'
xpauryrnuur
f3C
non*'HbIM
o6leltotvt
45779
unu.
u3
[61]'
Kax
c,re4yer
K3
Aa'HHbtx,
il.plrBeAenultx
s
ra6n
' l'2,
Ha
Kpytt.tlblx
f 3C
co3AaHbI
BoAoxpa,BnJtrt\Ia,
ouoco$sue
ocyUecTBJInTt
uafi6oaee
aQQeI(THB'
H bre
IJIHTeJIbHbIe
BltAbI
peryJulpoB
a'H'fi
ff cTOKa.
HanuqHe
eNIKHX
BoAoxpaHHJIHiII
H
peryJIHpoBaHHe
croKa
npH
IIOMOUIH
BOAOXpaHHJIHIII
no3BoJIfirOT
IIpHcnocaoJIHBaTb
cnyuar?Horfi
xapaKTep
HSMeHeHI4fl
perlHoro
CTOKa
K
nJIaHOBbIM
HylKAalvl
sHepreTLIKH
H He3HepfeTI,IqecKHx
BoAo119JIbSOBaTeJIefi
H
BoAonorpebnrelefr.
Peryrr6pgBaHl{e
cToKa
ilpH
noMOIltK
BoAoxpaHI'IJIHIII,
KpO-
Me
TOro,
[O3BOJIneT
yBeIHrIHBaTb
eQQemUBHOCTb
HCnOJIb3O-
BaHHtI
CTOKa
AJIa
yqaCTHIIKOB
BOAOXO3fltlCreeHUOrO
KOMIIJIeK-
ca
(BXK)
-
cHH;^I(aTb
Xo/locrble
c6pocst
BoAbI,
yBeJIHqHBarb
K|II
npeo6pa3oBaHHfi
croKa
B
sHeprllrc
Lilfr
sJleKrposHepte-
THKH H T.
II.
KotunlercHoe
(rvrHonoueleeoe)
Ha3HaqeHHe
rHApoy3JIoB'
Eo.nnuruHcTBo
oTeqeCTBeHHbIx
THApOy3JIOB
HMeeT
N{
H o
r o
-
UelleBoe
H a3 HaqeHlIe
vT o6ecnequBaeT
yAoBJIeTBopeHI4e
HHTepecoB
He To,iIbKo
SHepreTIiKH,
HO
I{
ApyrHx
oTpacfleH
Ha-
poAHOro
XO3flIlcTBa
-
ceJlbcKo1o
XO3flIlcTBa,
peqno.ro
TpaH-
CnOpru,
psl6uoro Xo3fltigTBa,
3aIIIHT6I
OT
HaBOAHeHHfi
kl
T.
II'
Mnoroqe,ceBoe
HC[oJTb3oBaHHe
rI{ApoysJIoB
HMeeT
6onrurHe
npeHNfylIIecTBa
no
cpaBHeHHIO
C
HX
pa3AeJIbHblill
HCIIOJIb3O-
BAHHCNI
-
3KOHONlflTCfi
KAIHTAJIOBJIOX(CHPIS
14
CHH}KAIOTCfl
SKCnJIyaTaUHOHHbIe
3aTpaTbI,
oAHal(o
BoSHHKaeT
c'rlolKHafl
3a-
AaI{a
yBn3KH HHTepecoB
pa3JIHqHblX
yqacTHHKoB
BXK.
Oco-
6eHso c,rrolKHo
peixeHHe
groti
ganalsw
npH
npornBoper{HBocru
HHTepecoB
pa3HbIX
BoAonorpe6nrenefi
H BoAo[oJIb3oBaTe,lefi,
HanpHllep,
B
IVIa":ioBoAHbie
foAbl,
I{ofAa
npHXoAHTCfl
BBOAHTb
onDaHHqeHHfl
Ha norDe6,neHue
BoAbI.
'3neprernl(a
6a',;.a
H
Ha N,1HorHX
f3C ocTaeTcfl
H no
Ha-
cToflrr{ee
Bper\{fi
BeIyIII}IM
yr{acTHpiKo},'I
BOAOXO3qficreeHHoro
KOI'InJeKCa. oAsaro
3ah'lerHa
qerKo
BbIpax(eHHatl
TeHAeHUI{f
BO3paCTaHHfl
pO"-IH lI He3HepfeTliqecKHx
yqacTHI{KOB
I(O}I-
rr"rTeKCS.
B
nepctieKTHBe
po"rrb
HegHeprerHqecKHx
Y'l&ctHIIIioB
BXK €tt1e
6orree Bo3pacreT,
xoTfl
3HeprergqecKoe
3HaqeHlle
rHApoy3,ToB
6yrer
ocraBarbcfl
cyIIIecrBeHHbIN't,
oco6eHHo
B
ycxoBHflX
HatrpfliKeHHoro
TortfiI'iBHo-3Hepreraqecxoro
6anas'ca
cTpaHbr.
KOltn;exCHOe
Ha3HaqeHIIe
rttnpO-V3.iroB
O6\'c;tOB;'I€IIO
TelI,
qTO
fI,I.4P,O3";iCI{TPOCTAHI{IIII
flB/T'IIOTCfl
BA}I(}IbI}IH
3"1C}{CIITA]IPI
SHeDreTliqeCKiIx
pI
BOAOXo
gflftcTBeHHbIX
cli-
c
r
e
lr.
6o;lee roro,
oI{II
plrpa,'III
II
urpal'or
6onturvn
poJb
R
o6pa:oBaHrrn rr
$oprrrrpoRaHIIII
TaKiIX
cttcrei\l.
1t
13c
TITO
peK.
Boarcxaq HLreHH
Bb.nnr<oro
Orrx6px,
Hpnyrcxax, Amdpa
qafi
03. Eafixarr)
3eficxaq,
3es
EyxraprutuHcKafl,
50-;rerus
Anrapa
(ax.nru-
I,lprsrur
91 600
60 730
I69
300
47 650
68 420
49 740
35
880
l9
500
260
000
23 860
25
400
9830
57 000
48
46 500
lr
l6
8630
52,6
/o,o
i56,8
165,6
89, I
123,2
65,
g
5l
,6
474
205,5
144
24 400
l8
600
Nlsoronersee
I-oAosoe
ftl
soro.uerse
e
f
c,{osoe
(errrcuar
03. 3aftcau)
BnnnftcxaR, Bunrcir
Torirony"nrcKafi,
Haprrn
BepxHe-CnHpcnafi
(BliJrroqaff
Osexcroe
osepo)
IJ,lnw"raHcnoe,
.{,oH
Psi6nucroe,
Bonra
Kyrwcxax, Kyna
Bo,'lxcxas rrMeHrr
B. i,I. .rle-
HIII{a,
Bonra
38 260
30 800
t7
lt
l.f
10
20
000
lr 360
l9
300
22 300
35
200
4200
24r 000
;e
F
O6relr
Boaoxpa-
HIIJIIUIa,
lrnn.lr3
f
uApoelerrpocraEr(Hn
(noAoxpaH
H-
nrru{e),
peKa
,J+
VrasaHHHe
cucreMbr
no
cBoHM xapaKTepHcrnKaM
orno-
cflTcfi
K
6o;rbuHM
cHcreMaM
xvt6epHerHr{ecKo-
r
o
r
H n a. B Lrx
cocraB
BXoAHT
MHolKecrBo
pasuoo6pa3Hbrx
3/reMeHroB (o6texroe),
paccpeAoroqeHHbrx
Ha
6onruori
rep-
pHTopr{}i,
cBff3aHHbrx
Mex(Ay
co6ofi
c/ro}KHbtMH
BgaHMHbTMH
OTHOruCHHfl,MI4
LT
HAXOAflUIHXCfl
NOA
CAHHbIM
YNPABJICHHCM.
3Hepreraqecrae
cncreMbr
rBJrflrorcfl
ocnoeHoft
Sopntofi
opfaHH3arrHH
sHeprerHqecKofo
npo[sBoAcrBa
w
npeAcraBJrfl-
roT
co6oli
coBoKy[Hocrb pa6orarcu{Hx
noA
eAHHbrM
ynpaBJre-
HHeNf
--3neMeHTOB
O6iqeft
qe[oqKH
rroJl]/qer{Hs,
npeoSpaSOBa-
HHfl
H
pacnpeAeJreHnfl
sJreKTpuqecxori
H ren.rtoeort
gHeprHH,
fioryq
aeuor? or 3JreKTp
ocraHupni.
B
cBoeM
pasBHTHH
gHepreruKa
BHaqaJre
ixJra no-nyru co-
gAaHHfl,
orAeJrbHbrx
gHeprocncreM
(ceiiuac
HX
oKoJro
100),
3areM
o6'ae1uueHHbrx
gHeprocncreM
(nx
I
I
)
H, HaKoHeu,
erusori
eHepFocncreMbr
crpaHbr
(EOC
CCCP).
Cefiqac
B
co-
craBe
E3C
CCCP
pa6oranr
9
o6teAuHeHHbrx
oneprocncreM,
estpa6arbrBarou.IHX
noqrn
95%
eceri 3JreKrposHeprnn
B crpa-
He;
_npo(ecc
yKpynHeHuff
EOC
CCCP rpoAorr)Kaercfl.
fnlpoaneKTpocraHryww
xapaKTepH3yrorcfl
or{eHb errcoxori
MaHeBpellHocTbto,
H noSToMy
B
SHeprOCHCTeMaX
Ha
HHX BO3-
JlaraFoTcrr
noKpbrrne
Hali6onee
HepaBHovrepuofi
nnxoeoft
qa-
crn rpaQraxoe
oJreKrpriqecKHx
Harpli3oK, ;
TaKX{e
QyrirunH
anapnftHoro pe3epBa
iuoruuocrg
H sHeprHH,
peryJrupoBaHHfl
qacToTbr
H
nepeToKoB.
f"lpoenexrpocraHqHH
HcnoJrb3yror
elKeroAHo eoso6Hoe-
JrfleMyru
3Heprnro
peK
H He
rpe6ylor
A/rr
ceoeft
pa6ortr pac-
xoAoBaHHfl
AoporocroflIlrero
opraHHr{ecKoro
ronJrHBa.
Ha-
npnMep,
nupa6oraHHbre
Ha f3C
CCCP
B
1980 r.
lB0
lrnpn. rBr.r{
oHeprHH
3aMeHH.rrH
oxono
60
MJIH.
T
ycJroB-
HOTO TONJIHBA.
LIHrescaBHoe pa3BHTHe
npoH3BoAHTer'IbHbrx
cnii crpaHbr
u
ceRgaHHnrrl
c
HHrt,r
pocr
BoAonorpe6neHaa
o6ycroen.nu co3Aa-
HHe BoAoxo3qr?creenHrrx
cHcreNI,
o6cnyxnBarou{rrx
6onruoe
t{Hc/'Io
BoAorlorpe6ate"rrefi H
BoAorloJrlgoeare".reft.
Vx<e
celtqac
MolKHo roBopHTb
o
Boaoxo3lricreeHHrrx
ciicreMax
6accefiHon
per
Bo,rra,
.(Henpa,
CupAapbu H
Ap.
[Ioa repMuHoru
BoAoxoss.frcrBeHHafl
cHcreM
a
(BXC)
noHHrvraIoT
coBoKynHocrb BoAoroKoB
H
TexHHqecKHX
ycrpoftcrs
Ha
HHX, npe4Ha3Har{eHHbrx
xiln
peryJrurpoBaHrir,
nepeN,Ieu{eHHff ri Hc[o,lb3oBaHIIfl peqHoro
cToKa,
a
TaKX(e
Apy-
rax 3anacoB npecuoli
Bo.rbr
(apresliaHcxoft,
oeepnoft).
Tep-
MHH
BoAoxo enftcrBeruHrrrl
Ko
Nrn
"rr
eKc
(BXI()
SKBH-
Ba,r'IeHTeH BoAoxo3ffircreeHHoir
cr.rcrelre.
TepltHs Koru no Fr eH T
(y
q
a
c r u
rr
r)
BXI(
o3Haqaer orpacJrb HapoAHoro
xognircr-
BA, o6c"ry;r<trBaertyn
raHHbrr,r
BXK.
KosxperHoro
Borono-
rq
L'
J|
I
t\3
I
a)
tpe6Hte.nr
HJrr4
BOAOnOJIb3oBaTeJIfl,
flBJIfinrueFocfi
3JIeIYIeHTOM
BXC,
Ha3blBalor
BoAoxo
sf
iacrBeHHbIM
o
6leKTo
M'
IlerrtpaJIbHoeMecToBBoAoxosgftctgeHHblxcHcTeIuax
o6nquo3aHHMaIorrHAposaeKrpoc'raqu""-:6onsutHt'tltBo'['o-
xpaHHnHuaMH
Ha
ocHoeHoft
;y;;;""it
:ttl'
or
xotopoft
eoAs
nocrynaer
B
"onoguoopbr,
tii".nopt":t_._^T
pacnpefl,eJlHreJlb-
HbIeKaHaJIbI'AocTaBflnrcUHeeoAYI\{HofotIHcJIeHHbIMnoTpe.
6HterqNI.
|Ipo6.rreuaeoAoo6ecnel{eHHflpa3BHBaFol.u.efocflHapoAHoro
xogqficrsa
np"ooi.nu
-
oono;;
:111t:::oY1"t*
t
;'.#f"e1::
;8:il;;,"",tttilff
#":"iffi""'J'p1;:t;l--;;;ilnpo6n'"::..-".
coBpeMeHHbIX
ycaoBHnx
crarl
;:lq:y^tiHstfi
yr{er
ycrloBHrl
oxpaHbl
"OArrolx
pecypcoB
H
OKpylKaloulert
cpeAbl'
HecoorseTcrBHe
ivrelK[y
pa3MepoM
H
pe]KHMOIvI_
B.ojono'
rpe6neH
14fl,,
c"oAgOft
CTOpOHbr,'tr
O6ieMOivI
eCteCteeHHOrO
cTO-
K8,
C
ApyroH,
crHMyJIHpyer
cosAaHl'{e
KpynHblx
soAOXPaHH-
JIHIllHHXKacKaAoBHaocHoBHbIXBoAHbIxapTepHflXcTpaHbI'
KOTOpbre
ocyulecrBJrftor
rn*ir*
o6paeou
ilepepacnpeAeJle-
HHecToKaBoBpeIv{eHHBHHTepecaXKoMnJIeKcaBoAonoTpe.
6urener?.
OAHaxo
6ucrpnte
reMIIbI
pocra
BoAgll:lpe6neunr
B
6nllxaituple
Aectlru"lerHtl,
oco6ettuo
."
Iox(Hblx
paHoHax
cTpaHbI,
npl{Ber,yr
.K
cyilIecrBeuHoMy
le$HuHry
BoAHbtx
pe-
cypcoBy|cTaHyTQartopovr,orpaHHI{I,{BaIouHM3KoHoMHqe.
'i'b'
p'
s
i:'
i?
Jii,H
i fl-
:3H
o'Jl#J;
"*
o
ueH
K
a
M
no
r
p
e
6
n
e
-
HHe
ceexeH
eoAbl
K
'KOHIIy
eexa-
yrponTcf
'
a
6eaeoseparHoe
BoAonorpe6neu'ne
yBerfiq"""
-
i
z'b
pue^'
3ro
co3Aaer
6onn-
uyrc
Hanpflx(a""olro
B
o6ecneqeuHU
eoAof{
HapoAHOro
xo-
SniiCrea,
OcO6eHHO
Ha
IOIKHOM
CKJIOHe
eepOnefiCXOlt
qaCTH
crpaHbr,
B
cpeaHeft
Asun
lr
Kasaxcraue,
;
O6ycnoeJll{Baer
ueo6xoAgMocrb
peixeHnfl
npo6neuu
rep
p
nro
p H
aJIbH
oro
n
e
p
e
p a
cn
p
e.u,
eJI
eH
Hfl
croKa'
Baxnenuefi
HapoAHOXOS"tctseHHOfi
npo6neuoft
flBJIfeTcf
nepe6pocKal{acTHcToKaceBepHblx-peKeeponeficrofil{acTfl
CCCp
Ha
rcr
!1
c'6upcx"*""p'.?^
t"Cp'en1rcro'
AaHrc
rr Kasax'
craH Anfl
opotL"""
r'r
o6eonHeHHfl
SeMerb
H
BoAocna6xesns'
qro
co3Aaer
IIpernocblilKI{
Aitfl
co3AaHHtl
o6seAHueHHblx
Bo-
AoxossftcrBeHHbIX
cHcrelu'B
nepcfleKrlrBe
6-yi,{:^::3AaHbl
eLr{Hbre
Bo!,OXO3nricreeHHrte
cHcTeM_bl-,-
eeponeftcrol
qacTH
cTpaHbIuCu6Hpu,ag6ofleeoTAaJIeHHoI|nepcneKTHBe_-e.[.H-
Hafl,
Bor,oxo3Rt?crsenHas
cacrellla
CCCP
|IpHp.*."""--npooneuco3AaHl{fl'.eoAoXosRi{creeHHblx
cr.rcre\{
H
pefyJlHpoBaHHf
peqHoro
:19ii
Bo',u'oxp'aHHJIHUIaMH
Heo6xoAHtnl
yr{er,
KaK
etrde
orMeqarocl'
QaKTopoB'
cBfi3aI{-
Hbrx
c
oxpaHoft
np'poAHo'i-
uot.
ArryanuHocrb
yqera
)TrlX
l3
oueHKH,
OIITHI,IH3aU!HIO
BOAOOXpaHHbTx
lllepoflpttfl.Ttlft,
B
Tol\f
t{Hc"Te
vcraHoB,leHpIe
rpe6oBaH}ifi
K
I'lHHutra,rlbHo
Aoniicrt{t-,tbl},{
(cauurapHbr\l)
pacxolalr
BoAbr
B
i{ourpoJrbHbrx
crBopax
pyc-
nonoli
cera,
K
Kar{ecrBy
BoAbr,
orreHuBaeNroMy
pflAolr
nor(a-
sare,refi,
K
ypoBHeHHOx{y
pex(H}iy
B
r{oHTpoJrbHbrx
crBopax
peK
H
T.
II.
CosAaHpre
uerloqeK
BoAoxpaHr.rJrurrl
Kpy[Hbrx
peKax
no3BoJrReT
roBopHTb
KacKaAoB
f3C
Ha
TaKlKe
O
CO3AaH?IH
rJry6oroBoAHbrx
C
AH
H
bI
X
CHCTCM.
TpaHcnopTHbrx
SueprerlrqecKr.re,
eoAoxo6RricreeHHsre,
TpaHcnoprHbre
cLIc_
TeMbr
B3aH${OCBfl3aHbr
no
pe}Klr}iat\{
HX
pa6ortr
r,,,raBHbrN{
o6_
pa3oM
qepe3
fHApo3JreKrpocraHrlr.rH.
Vc,roeraq pa6ornr
KacKaAoB
fOC
B
cocraBe yKa3aHHbrx
cHcreM
AoJIiKHbl
yrlHTbIBarbcfl
rtpH
IIJIaHHpoBaHuH
II aHa,,'IH3e
HX
pa6ornr,
rrro
3Haqnre,'rbHo
ycroiriHfler
peueHHe
pelrg{NlHbtx
3SAaq.
vqer
yKa3aHH6rx
yc,loeuli
Bo3r,roiKeH
Ha
ocHoBe
c
H
cr
e N{
H
o
r
o n
o
AX
o
A
a,
o6u{enpnHflToro
B Hacroflrrlee
Bpeivrfi
npH perxeHHH
pasuoo6pa3Hbrx
rexHriqecKrrx
H
3r{OHO-
I{AqecKr.ix
3anaq.
1.2.
3AAAIIH
PACqETA
PEXHMOB
3HEPTOCHCTEM,
coAEpxArq
HX
rHApoSJr
EKTpOCTA
H LIHH
o6rqan
xapaKrepficruKa
3aAaq.
frr:poa.nexrpocraHrlnlr
rBJrflrorcq
sJre-
MeHTOM
gHepreflruecKHx
CIICTeM,
r.I
nogTo\,ry
garaqw
rr,TarHHpoBarnrrfl
!r
yflpaB-
fieH{rlq
IIX
pex<H,Ma\'rlI
fiBJflloTcs
cOcra,eHott
qacTbro
o6u1rx
3a.laq
n;laHIr-
.potsaiHHfi
lr
yilpaBJreHHfi
peiKr{MaMH
3HepfocHcreM
B
ue,'roM.
pexrryu
r3c
.(oJIlKrHbI
paccMaTfplIBaTbcfi
coB,Irecrrr{o
c pe}KHMaM'H
,4pyf}rx
rtr,noB
3"1eK-
Tpocra,Hqltfr
-
rennoBbix
lt
aroMHbrx,
a
raK}Ke
3JeKTpi{qeclrol-r
certr.
B
"ra6n.
1.3
npHBe.reH
cocrs,B
ocHoBHbix
rpyfln
aHeprerrrqeoKr.rx
pe-
xiHM'|Hbrx
3araq,
rioropbre
petuarorcff
Ha
".lro6oy
Tepp,rrroprrajrbHo\{
Irepap-
xrrqecKolr
vpoBHe
yirpaB"'reHtrfl
-
E
u.4y
E3c
cccp,
s o,[,v
u
s
p3y.
Ta6,ruua
rr;'rJtocr,p,H'pj€T
o6qenpHsfiTyro
repprrroprra..rbHyro,
eperreHHrlrc
lt
QynxrlHona.TbHyto
AeKolrirr03riI-rJHH 3Heprerr.rqecxrrx
pelK{rM,Hbrx
3a-naq.
T.p p
lir
op Ha;
bHafl.
I
e ri o M
n o 3 rr
u,rr
fl
nperno.laraeT
pa3_
AeJIbHOe'
HO
83alII{OCEf,3aHHOe
pelllelllIe.?Alaq
Ha
pa3Hbt,l(
ttepafrXllqecri]t5
'A
l.t
ci)
I
I
I
I
u:
Ta6;rnua
peHiI{MHbIx
i.3.
Ocnoenrte
rpyllnbl
suepreTn-tlecrli:i
salaq
[xE
pasH"riJ
"p"*ttlurri-
-yponne
it
uaaH"poalHug
H
YtrPaBJieHH'fl
BuA
npoexrrlpoBarllfi'
flnaHHpOBaKHfi'
y[paB'
.qeHltfi
flpoerruPoBaHHe
.[,onrocPouHoe
nJIa-
HHpOBaHHe
pexll-
MOB
KpaTrocPouHoe
nJ'IaHHPoBaHHe
Pe-
J'Ii14MOB
OnepatnnHoe
YnPaB-
JIEHHE
Bpertennste
YPoBt(H
3aaaqtt
6a.nasca
oHePrlIH
oTHocflrctl
K
yKa3aHHOUy
Bpe'
l5-20
ner
Ao
l0
.net
Ao
5
ler
Ha
pn4 .ner
foA,
KaaPra.n
Mecsrt
He.nels
Cyrru
9acro
cYToK
9acoette
tI
BtiYTPII-
qacoBble
ToqKtr
cyToqHOrO
rpa-
Qura
qr3
.xv
I
Esal
-.ao
I
.F991
oE
.*p
ET
oo.
o9
-
(l)
6^
rA
r4g
-=
fra
c,5=
+
I
T
J-
I
-L
I
I
:r
+
I
I
J-
I
I
-1-
J-
I
+
+
+
+
I
I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
I
I
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
-i
i
I
-T_
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
I
I
K rr
e.
+
o3Kaqaer,
qro
AaHHble
3aAaqll
flPn
tfeHHolty
tl
eqa
ypoBKto.
y,poBrHRK
1nflplrBJleHrilfl
3H€p'rernntoir
-
Ha
yrpoBHsx
II'AV
E3C
CCCP'
OAy
u
P3V.
Brpe}tett,HSqAeKoM,floSI,IulIffInpeAnoJlaraeTpa3AeJI['Hoe'Ho
TaKXeB3?H,lr{'oCiBfl3dr}IHoepe[IeHII,Ie3aAaqA',Iflpd3rHbIXIIoAJI1ITeabHocl]?t
npeAcToful}IxeperreHudtxnep.IIoAoE.PasnltqarcTpe}KI.IMHbIepacqeTbtnpll
npoer(THPoBa'HIlII"nupt*""""*(uaneplroAbl'do5'10ui5-20'rer)B3a-
Bll,CHrlvlocTtr
oT
CraAIitI
npoel(T'l!t'p'oB3HHf,
IIp',ll
AoJlroopotlHOlt
niIaHErpo{BaI{Hl{
pellfliMrorBByc,{sBrllflx3KcnJIyaralIHI{(HaHeoKoill',-KoJIer',foA'l@apTaJI'
Iurecnu),,n.pIIKpaTl{ocp,ot{rHolM{I,.ta.HlIpotsaHHI{pex(lrMotsBycaoBHfiX
gKon;]}aTaI]IIII
(rra
Hej,eJtllo'
cyrrclr)
lI
.IlPI
onepaT}[B,HoM
yIIpaEJIeHI{'fi
)ricn,'IyaraulloHHbl\l1I
pexltualt'n
-{rra
qacrb
cyrol(
}I
Ha
npeAcrofilultfi
fiH'
repBaJr
BpelreHlr
s-bo
uuH).
Ha
6onee
KparrioBpeMeHHblx
IIHrep'Barlax
QyH,rcu.tloulIpyeT
aBTo}1aTlrqec.Koe
.pef
yJI,lI,poBaHlIe
Hop.Ma'rIbHof
o
peH(|HIM
a
(APqM)
r,a,rr^ '.'r,I. noll II,DO€KTH-
Pexltv'Hlte
3aJ,aqiI
3a'H'l{}lalor
ueHTpa'rlhHoe
l{ecro
K&'li
npll
n'P
poBaHlt,rl
pa3BlrrriR
3rieprocllcreM,
Ta'lt
lI
npl{
rexyuleit
3licfi"ltaTzuiHH
SHep'
too"il*il.to,BIIqx
3Kc'I.t)'iarautt'|I'
pacqerbl
pelKt{}'oB
e'eproc}tcre}l
llipelcrdB'
.jIeHbI
*alt6,o"ree
uIipoKo,
Ha
ocHoBe
3TIIx
pactleTorB
ocyUlecrts'IfleTctI
BeAe-
HIIe
TeK)'I{llx
pe)KII}loB
Slleprocllcre\t'
15
BUcOr
y,ee"lnHsrfi Bec
pelKI-tI,l,HblK
paCqeToB
H
npI
np6eKTnpoBaHflri{
ggepreTHqecKHX
cHCTeM.
OcO6es,Uocrn19
31r6x
pacqeTOB
nO
cpaBHeHHIo
c
AKonJIyaTaUHoHHbrMu
RtsJIffeTcf
pacqeT
pex'hMOB
A.jIf
CepIIH
BbldHrpaeMblx
napaMeTpoB
sHeprOcHCTeM.
K,pove
TofO,
B
npoeKTHblX
pacqeTax'
Oco-
6euso
Ha
Aa./'rbHloro
neponeKTH,By,
AOnycTHMbI
6oalurrne
yn'pouIe'HHf
pe-
)KHMHbIX
pacr{eTorB.
IlpOeXrnpOBaHHe
gHePTOCHCTeM
OXEaTbltsaeT
TptH
Oc-
HoBrHbrX
BpeMeHHbtX
nepnoAa
-
Ao
20
JIeT,
Ao
l0
JIeT
H
Ao
5
ner.
tlpu
nepexoAe
OT
6Onee
AJnHTeJIhHO,TO
nepHO,(a
K
6O,'Iee
KOpofi(OMy
yMeHb-
uaeTcs
ql{cJ[,o
paccMaTplltsaeMblx
ad'IbTep{HaTILB
pa3rBHTHfi
gHepIoclrcTeM
fi
oAHoB,peMeg,Ho
yc./'IolKtl{ffeTct
cocTats
pacr{eToB
pe}KfiMO'B
3HOpfQQI{e1gp1'
O6uf,nfi
cO,cTaB
pe)KglMubrx
pacqeTOB
npH nrpOelffEp0BaHl'l't4
I'I 3KcilIJIyaTa'UHH
3llBprFOOHiCTeM
OAHHa'r(oB.
I-lo
Qynr6(Ho,HaJIbHoMy
npH3HaKy
3a'!,aqK
pacqera 3Hep'
feTfi'rreoKHx
pelKH.MoB
Moryr
6strr
Pa3AeJleHbI
Ha
ABe
rpyil'nbl
-
pacqer
6aaagca
MOTUHOSTH
H
pacrleT 6aaa1ca
3KeprHH.
B CBolo
OqepeAb
3aAaqfi
6alaHCa
sHeprHH
noApa3AenffIOTcff
Ha
3aAaqH
6alarica
3neKTpo36epruH'
TeIIJra,
ToTnJIHIBa
H
r'lrApopecypcorB.
OpaexenUe
nJIAHHpyeMOro
H
Qa'xrrvecxoro
pe)KHrMo'B
3HerpFoc'ficTeM
noKagbtgaeT,
r{T,o
npsrKfl4qgc,KH
noJnHoe
coBrnaAeHHe
yll(a3a:H'HbIX
pe}K'HTMOB
HMeeT
MecTo
n6lub
npn
nJIaHHpoBaHHH
Ha
npeAcToflll{He
5-60
n'rnn'
9elt
6Olee
AJIHTeJIhHbtti
nePHOA
nJIarHHrpOBatrfl,
TeM
$OnrUNltu
OKa3bItsaloTct
p&3IrErI'Hfi ttJIaHOBbIX
U
QarnrnueCKHx
pe)KH'MO{8,
t{TO
OTpalKaeT
O6lerrrnre-
Hbrfi
Qarcr
HaJIH,tflHf
trqnpeulHocTell
B
HcXoAHofi
rnQopvaqu'Ii'
Conepureu'
CTBOBaHHe
MeTOAO'B
IIpO1HO3H,pOBa:HHn
HCXOAHOft
HIHQOpMaUH'H
nOSBOJ'IHT
cHI.I3HTb,
Ho
He
JInKBrlIrAiurpo{BaTb
9T}I
nOfpeuHoCTH
nporHo3HrpoBdrHHfl'
flp'6-
qnHa3To|o3aKIrcqaeTcHBToM,qToHa'pffAycAeTepMx,IHHpotsaH.
H
o ri
(olHoaHarluoft)
HHQopM'aUHeft
B
pelKHMHblX
pacqeTax
lIcnoJlmyercfi
H cflyqafi,Haff
no
cBoefi
npllpoAe,
a
Ta.K;t1e
qa:cT'HqHo
H€oIIPe.q,e-
Jre.IrHafl
H,HoO,pMal{Hf.
ll'pnr'lepa'vu
c"r'lyqafr'Holl
H'HQOIpMaqHI'I
fts'
JIffroTcfi
peqHoft
cToK,
B
HeKoTopofi
Mepe
3Hepr9noTpe6xeHl{e
(orcO6euuo
ngTpefineHue
TSIIJIa,
CyuIecTBeHHO
saBI'IcfUee
OT
Telv{neparypbt
Bo3Ay'
Xa),
aBapt6ft,Hble
BbtxOAbI
o6opy,losaruHr
3HeProcHcTelt.
flpnltepaltH
qa'
crtrr{Ho
HeonpqAensH,Hori
HHQopMarlan
Moryr
6uru
c^18,1'tr!l
B
cpoKax
BtsoAa
tr
ooBoet{Hfi
HoBofo
o6opy;loeauna,
nepe6oH
c ro,n.'i'llBocHa6}KeHTleM
Ten-
JroB brx 3JIeKTpOCTaEqHIi.
OonosrnttrvtMeroAoMf'n'pSBJIeHHfl?Kcn,''IyaraIlHoHHbtlIH'pex:nMaMH
'.
gHeprooltcTeM
B
yc,rotsHf x
cToxacTirqecKoft
II
qacrHt{'Ho
HeonpeIeJ'IeHHoii
H,HQopMal{I{H
flrBJlflercfl
n
o
c J
eA o'B
a
r e,1b
H
a
r K o
p
p
erKT
H
p
oB
K
a
p
e )K
H M,OrB.
PacCVOtpeHHble
[OC"[e-1,O;B3Te,'lbHo
yveHbUarc[I]Iecfl
BpeMeH-
HOte
ypoBHrr tIJIaHHpoBa,HHfl
pea,rnl3yloT
3TOT
MeTOA; Kpo'Me
Tof
o,
noqTH
Ha 64;{r[OM
BpeMerxH6M
y,poBHe nJra,FrHpoBaHHfi
I4MeeTcfl
TaKXe
HegKo,,'IbKo
KOppeK'IlH,poB,oK
nJIaHoB:
roAoBofo,
KBapTa.qbHol'o
H
.trP'
ftrpx
npOeKTHpOBaH{HH
sHeproC?IcTe}t,IJiff
npeOAO,'IeHrlfl
nOrpelxHocTefi
cJ'ryqaf1Hofr
H HeonpeAeneunoft
Hcxo,{Hofi
HH0opMauH[I
Ta'K]Ke
irlllpoKo
I'lc-
rror'rb3!€Tcff
MeToA
nocJeAoBaTe.qbHblx
KoppeKTllpo'BoiK,
Ho
yxe
A"Ifl
nIa'
HOB
pa3Blrrllfi 3HepfocHcrev
[12]
16
.if,p'"nJIaH}IpoBaftIHHpe}K.H.M'oBSHep,fooHcTeMHaap6oftt,toueutfinn
fleptt'OA
BpeMeHrr
AOJr]KeH-
6urt
o6ecneqeH
6a.tasc
Me]KAy
pecypcaMH
It
noTpeoneH}IeM,[o3ToMyyKa3a;HHbIeBTa6JI'l.3r.p'yffIbl3aAaq}IHMeIoT
Ha3BaHlrR
6anagco,gnx-
IIonguettue
c1t'naflcupoeaqHbtx
pe?rcurfloa
u
ula-
HOB
n|ltneTcfl
e/taSHoti
4enbrc
n/tuHupoilaHLn
peilCuiloe
u
Onpedenne'nb'X
Ha
ux OCHOee
TexHurco-?KoHO.illU4eCKuX
nOKa3ATelIeti,
4TO
peAflUSgeT
enAB'
Hbrc
d/Ln
sKcnrtaaTa4uu
KpuTepuu
'ecnepe6orttrocTu
u
HA]eJ$HOCTU
Aflep?o'
cyaftficeHufl.
ECnu
cyUIeCTByeT
MI1OIKSCTB'g
0110006018
cgeAeng'ff
6alanr'COs
Me}I(AypecypcaM'I.lrnoTpe6JIgHueM'TocneAyeTcTpeMHTbcflKonpeAeJle.
H*trO
OnTuJuattbtrbl)c
1AnAnCOe
ilOL4tlOCTU
U ef{epehL,.
OTBeqatOUlUX
tcpLTepulo
fituHu*ta,ua
sAAucfln4ux
oT
pe/{u,1no6
aKCiL./IUsTsquoHHbtI
uSdepilcetc'
B
pe'
3yJIbTaTe
6yayr
AocTlIlHyTbI
sKOH'OMrHfi
ToiIJlaBa,
oH',H)KeHHe
iIIoTePb
gHep'
tHH
B
gfleKTpHr{ecKHX CeTfix
H
T'
II'
B KaiKAyIo
nppriy
6anaucoeux
3aAaq'
ylKa3lamublx
B
Ta6n'
1'3'
Brffrroqaprcfi
3alAaqu
qerblpex
Etu,oB:
n
p
o
f
,H
O3
H
1p
orB
aMH
fr
orAeJibHblx
(uepaccun,rbtBaeMbrx)
cTaTefi
6ananca,
11
fl a
rH'H
rP
'O
rB
'a'H',H
fl
(pacueta)
6a'
JI&Hca,
p eTpocneil(THts
Ho:|o
alHaJiM3a
6anagca
(conocraeJleHHfl
flJraHa,
Qapa,
a
HrHorAa
fi
onTnMaJIHHOnO
6a,rraHca)
V
tluSopMatlH-
O
H,HO
-
Cn
p
aE
Oq'H
bI
e 3
aA
aqi6.
fl'OCneAHge
C,'IyX(aT
Ang
nGIIyqeHrHfi
pa3flnqHbrx
c,fipatsoil(
no
paccqilTarHrHbI,M
llJlu
sa',xrruuecrcnrv
noKa3aTeafiM
6arargca.
Kpolrre
orMeqenHblx
l{Melolcff
rl
Apynne
3aAa'q'H'
HalnpHjMep
-ruuouo*
nO nOCTpOern'ro
TeXrHOJIotHqeC,KlIX
Xapa*TepH'CTI{,K
3JIeIKTPOCTaHIi'}Iil
('paC'
xoaHblx
H orHOCUTerbHbtx
nprHrproclgr6)'
no
paioqery
Marp'H'II
cergBblx
Ko'
eSQHrrneHroB
H
r.
tI.
3aAaqn
pacqera
6arancoe
MouIHOCTH
H
eHeprHH.
IIOCXOIUKy
fipouec-
Cbr
npglr3BoAc'nBa
H
[oTPe6JIe[I'Hfl
gJIeKTP,oSHeprfiH
B
I(axAbIiI
MOMeTHT
Bpe'
il{eg6
npOrIcXoAflT
OAHOBpeMeH'H'O, AOJi}KeH
gO6JIIOAaTbcn
6aaasc
MOIU'II0'
cret'r
B
3HeprocHcreMe.
B
TeqeHire
roAa
HaFpy3Ka
sHepronoTpe6neHHf
H3MeHleTct:
BlIyTpH
toAa
no
ce3GHaM,
Brl{yTpH
Ce3OHOE
no
MecflIIaM
H
HeAenfl'M,
BnyTPH
HeAeJIb
nOAHflMHe.fl,eJIH,BrHlTpHCyTOKnOqacaMCyTOK'BHyTpHKaX(TAOTOqACA
no
MHHyraM.
O6eoneqnrb
pacqeTbt
6aJIaHCa
M,OIIIH,OCTH
A,Tff
BCeX
M'OMeI{TOE
|OAO'
BOfO
flepfio-{a
11pa,r(TfiqecK,i.I
HSBO3MO]1(HO,
H
nosTolvly
pacqeTbl
6al.a'scos
ItOUIHOCT11 AJIfl
qaCOE
M€IKC:HiMZIJIbHbIX
(a
lffiOrAa
H
MllgnMaJIbHblX)
Ha-
rpy3oK
lr
pacqerbt
6a,-iascoB
3JIeKTpOSHerp,I'ltH AJIfi
nepHOAo'B
BpeMeHH
Bbl'
no,rr,HffroT
pa3.le,'IbHO.
CxagaH,HOe
HJIJIIoCTIp'HpyeT
pHC.
l.l,
Ha
KOTO'pOM
nO-
Ka3a,Hbt
6a:tarlc
MoIIIllocrll -lrrlR
clTo'tl'Hofo
Mal(gHMyMa
Hanpy3oK
lI
6a'qa'Hc
3neKTposHepfHH
Ad'Ifl
Cpe.IHecyToqHoft
Harpy3KH'
B npoexrubrx
pacqerax
6a
JI
aHcbi
M
o uI
H ocTH
pa3;pa6aTblBaloTcfi
IJIff
KaiK,,16fo
roAa
nepCneKTHBHOro
nepHoAa,
HO
Anfl
OAHOfI
TotlKH
nOAa
-
A,,rfl
fO]oBofo
MaKcrllM-VMa
Hanpy3KII
(o6u'vrto 3To
MaiKcHMyM
pa6oqero
AHfl
ACKa6pfl
Mecflqa)
.
WuOrla
6a,rafic
you*HocTll
fipo'Be'ptleTgfi
e[Ie
A.llfl
AByx
TOqeK
fOI,a
_.
I{arKoH}I}'\lOB
Hanpy3l(II
BeceH'Heno
II
JlerHero
nepllo'{oB'
t7
2-3433
B
akonnyardurionur,ix
pacuerax
6a,ra,ucu MotrlHocln
paspa6atuealortR
6o"nee
AeTaJIbHO:
IIp.H
roLoBoM
n.;laHLtpoBaiIHH
-
AJIfi
r,IaKcIIMyM,o'B
garpy3-
KE
pa6ouero
4,na
Kall(Aoro
Mecflrla, trp,l.t
KBapraJIbHoM
H
Mecfiq,HoM
rIJIa-
H.KpOBaHHg
-
AJtff
MaKcIrMy'MOB
HafpySKIl xaxAOit HeAeJIH,
rtpll
cyToqHoM
nnaHI4pO,BaH,HuI
-
A,rlfi
yTpeHHefO
H
BeqeprHero
MaKClIlly-VOts
Harpy3,t(H,
a
TaK)Ke
Arfl
HO'{HOrO
ilpOrBaJIa
Hanpy3KII npeACTOfU.lHX
CyrOK.
tlpn
paspa6olrce 6araHcoe ilrorr-(Hocrlr
nocfieAo{BareJ'rbrlo
ocyu{ecrBJlfl
'
rorcfi
pac'{er H
fBfi3K&
pacxo4irort
E
flprI.rxsArloft
qacrefi
6anawca.
PacxoA-
HAfr.
qacTb
OfnjpeAenteTcs
np'OmIO3HpyeMbIM'I'I
MaKcI{MyMa'MU
SHepFOnot'pe6-
JreH,Hr,
npHxolEraE
qacTb
-
feirepHipyeMbrMr{
MorItrHocTff.MM
3JIe'KTpOCTaHE}ift.
O4Haro
s
6ara,Hce
Moulno€Tefi enorcTpocranulia
yqacrtsylor
He sceli
oBoeH
ycraHoBJreH,Horl
Morqnocrbro,
a
osHxernnori
(renepnpyeMoil)
MoulHocrbto.
C,nuxen,ue
M,our,Hocrtt
g,rleKTpocrainuuft
floixa3aHo
Ha
puc.
1.1.
BaiH'ono AJrfi
r.{cnoJlb3oB,aHnfl
B
Aa,HHbre
cyrKn
pacxoAa
soEbl'
fl'naHilpo-
BdrHHe
CyTOtIHoro
pacxoAa
BoAbl
H
cBR3aHHofi
c
Hnn
BblpafiO1ldlr
SneKTpO-
ggepmrfi
f
3C
Bbnn,oJlHfleTcfi
ts
COcTaBe
SaAaq
11JIaq{ftpOBaHHg
6ananCa
OI{eprEH,
rrTo
npeAgnpeAeJlfleT
B3aI{MOoBfi3b
6a.11aHcOB
MOUIHOCTI{
H
3HeP'nH[l'
AHalOfnqHat
B3aHMOCBfi3b
HMeeT
MeCTO
I'I
nO
Ten'lOBbIM
CTaHIIItffM
C
OrpaHH-
qeHHbIM
pacxo.(oM
TonJIABa,
H&rIpHrMep
no
ra3oMa3yTlHbliM
SneKT]pocral{-
IiHqM.
Ha
rLrApo3JreKTpocTaHII[llH
Bo3JIaraloTcfl
,r
HeKoT'opble
BIIAbI
pe3epBa
NrouljgocTH,
He
lpe6yrOufUe
3'HaqHTeJIb'Horo
pacxOAa
sileprO'Pscypca'
-
3To
pe3eDB
AJIfl P€rYJII{:POB&HHfl
qacToTbl
H
nepeTol{oB
MoIIIH'OCTJ'I'
qacTb
atsa-
p:Hr:nHoro
pe3ep{Ba
Mournocrrl
Becnua
sflffirgoil
3aAa'qeft'
Ao
Ko'HIla
He
pe-
rueHHofi
B
HacTofrr.lee
BpeMfl,
ffBJIfleTcfi
3alasa
paqHoHanblloro
pacnpeAene-
HHfl
o6uero
pe3eprBa
MolttHocru
}4ex{Ay
TOC u
fOC'
a raKxe
Me}KAy
pa3HbrMtr
f3c.
P
arcqer
nt 6
al
a
g
c a 3'H
ep rrurH'
3nexrpocraHr(u&I
SneprocHcreM
o6eo',e..r'Ba,or
Eorpe6,HTe"Teft
anercrpnueexofi
vt rennogol?
SHepnHeI"I,
coor-
BeTcTrBeHfr,o
TpefyeTcfl
cOcTaBiIflT
a 6ana'u4tt
3TI{x
ArByX
BHAOB
nOIes'Hoft
3HeprfHlu.
fIo"ne3.H?fl3Hep.fIrflnoIyqaeTcfl.IIyTeMinpeo6,pa3,osaHHfiHa
3"4er(lrpocra*l*llflx AByx
BlI.{,oB
noS,'neAeH'Hol?
9'Hepri'IH
(eneprope-
cypcoe)
-
BOA,HOT1
u"*pn","
Ha
f3c
I4 sHepn11,H
ronJI,I'{iBa
na
T3C'
fl'osro'uy
Heo6xOAliua
pa3,pa6oTKa
Ta'KlKe
6anancoB
gOABeAeH'Hofi
auerp'nnl4
-
rHApo-
peCypCOB
r,r
To,n,rHiBa.
IIOCIe;lgUe
6aaascbl AOJI)I(Hb1
6sttl
Ta'K
COCTarBJISHbI'
r{T06bI
}AOB,IeTBOpfi"nucb
6alaucn
noJIe3HOiI
3HepnlIH'
I-i'plt
Ha,rtHTI}lH
B
StreprOCHSTeMaX
f3C
KOllfia'IeKCHOtO
Ha3HaiqeHrgfi
CoCrarBltseMbIe
6arragcst
rll.&p.0pecyplcoB,oqeEIiAHo,I,o,II)KHbIyI{HTb[BaTbH'HTepecb]HefoJIbKo3Hep'
teTlilK,ll,
HO
H
,npyn{x
Bo'Aono+pedHreneft
I4
'BoAonoJlteoBaTerefi'
Ta,Kfi,M
O6paSO,lt,
O6tUltt't
6a.nauC
SHepfHH
B'K.rIn'qaeT
B
Ce6q
I{eTbIpe
B{.l.8a
83aUMocBf3aHHbix
6anaHCO6-gJIAKTpO3HepFIIH,
refiflOeOt?
SHeprHH'
TOiIJnUrBa
II
relIpoPecy',pcoB,
qTo
,H
OTpa]KeHO
s ra6fl'
1'3'
Pacqeru
Bcex
I{eTbIpeX
B'I{AqB
6anagCa
3Hoprfl'I'}t,
KaK
lr
pacqeTbl
6eJancoe
Morugocrtr,
Bbrno.'rHsrorcx AIrr
pa3'Hbtx
y,p'onnefi
TeppHTopl{'aJlb-
HOft
HepapXHH
yilpaB.[eHlIfi
c nocJ'IeAyrcufefi
I{TepaT}IBH6I?
*rx
1rEll3rKofi'
a
TaKxe
nJrfl
pasJxHqHbix
IIo
AJIHTeJIbHOCTIII
neprHoAorB
IIJIaH]npoBaHHfl
pe-
xHMOB
gHeproc'HcreM.
Pacqeru
6anaHcoe
3HeprlIII
BbmOJIHflIoTCfi
nO
IHcKper'HblM
paoqeT-
HblM
rrHTepBa,'raM: .I.iifi
roia fi
KBaipTaJIa
-
O6uqUO
nO
MecffUa'\I,
AIlfr
IleCflUa
-
IIO HeA€JIfrM,
.{,'Ifi
H€AeJII{
-
iIlO
Cyl]KaM'
IJIfl
CyTOK
-
fiO
qaCaM'
Pac.{er
6ananca
3JIe'K1rpo3'Herpf
nH 3aK"''I}oqaercfl
B
nocre-
f,oBare.irbnoM
orrpe.rereHHH
pacxoAHoiA
qacrrll
6a,raHca
(otnycra
3JIeKTrpo-
gHeprrlu
norpedare"lfl\r,
pacXOIa
3J'IeI(TpoSHeprIIH
Ha
CO6cTlBeHHbIe
H
npo-
r.r3BoAcTBeHHbre
HylK.lbl
II
Ha
KO\{fieHcauHIO
noTepb
3He'pn}l}I
B
3teKTpH-
qecKrrx
ceTflx)
n npttxo.lHot?
qacTH
6aa4uca
(elrpa6or'tcl
3'rleKTpo3HeprltH
3JreKTpOCTaHrIrrfll,r,H,
rIOCT]'rI.-Ie,HI{fl
3.rlel{Tpo3HepfHH
oT
Ap}T'l-IX
gHeprocH-
creu) H 11ptIBe,XeHqtt
B
cooTBeTcrBrle
pacrqr]a
3'''IeKTpo3HepnHH
ee
ilp'H-
xoAy,
€
(J
s
s
cl
s
s
'
6altd,He
AtottlHocnu
/Z7i'pait'iieineiZ,
/;,'Z/,
M
o
ut
H
q
c m
4 7//'l
a
b
+
qJ
\J
B
\
s
b
t
g
i cnh it a n
a
fu
u'o
n
u
titi.
z//21:eqqce4i72VZ
6atauc
SneKnPNH,Pzud
\
a
\\
\:t
$t
Su
13:tr
=ilc
sss
€sF
S>).
:saj
qr
€Er\
24
PlrC.
l.l.
K
pacqeTar/t
6afiaHCOs
MOUIH6STII
H 3JleKTposHeprllg
flps CBeAeHHH
6a,rarUca
lIouIHOCTlt
sueproc?IcTelI
!,o,;Ix<rHbl
6urr TaI(
3a[r"rraH][poBaHbr
crarbu
(cocrae"nnroutie)
cHII]Kern]ItI
MoutHocTeit
e;lexrpo-
CTanqHfi
OT
yCT4:HOBJIeHHoI:I
Ao
pa6oqeil H reuepllpyellofi,
qTo6bl
B
l{acbl
ivtaKCH,MyrMoB
Hanpy3oK
reHeprlpyeMbte
Morl{HocT}I
3.r'Iel(TpocraHqIIfi
gHepro-
cllcTeM
6unfi
He lllllKe
lIaKcuMyMo,B
3;loKTrPOiIOTpe6"{eHIifi,
a B
qacbl
M'}IiHH-
M.yMoB
-
He Bbl[re
]lHHfivy]roB
3.,'IeKTpo,tioTpe6.leHilff
npll
3SrII"tlSHHpotBaH-
HbrX BrB,oAax
HOBOTo
o6opylorauun
!l
AeMoHTalKa
ycrapeBlllero
o6opyAo-
Ba,Hllfl.
Ec.nn oKa3b1graercfl
HeB03Mox(Hbllr
ycraHoBurb
raKlle
ilrouIHocTH
g.,'teKTp,OCTarHUllr"t,
rlipH
I(OTOpbIX
y:AOB.IeTBOpffIOTCfi Ma:KCI{\{YMbI
f.i]el(TpO-
fiorpe6JregHfi,
To
AoJrifiHo
npoH3BoAHTbcfi
orpaHHr{eHHe
9r€KTpoflorpe6JIeHllr.
Pacqetu
6anauca
Moluuocrfi
npll
gKoll;lyaralrull
npolr:BoilfiTcff
Ha
pa3'
Hblx TeppuTopHajlbHblx
ypoBHfix
)tnpaB,rreHllfl
!,Itfl,
pa3HbIX BpeMeH'HblX
ne-
prro'IorB rrJraHrI{poB
aHl{ff
pe}KH-\{'oB.
f HApogne'xxpotTa,HurrH
1n{acrByror
B
6a.TaHcax
N{oullHocrll
cBoeli
IIll'
ricBofr cyroq'Hoii
lvtotuHocrbxr,
rioroDaff
3aB{rctIT or
Hanopa
II
3a,n"taHIIpo-
l8
-
L
lmlqHbtu
2pa.@uK
da?pg3t<u
2*l
19