DiMarco J. Digital Design for Print and Web: An Introduction to Theory, Principles, and Techniques

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Chapter 6 Vector Graphics 203

Adding a Stroke to a Shape or Path with the Color Picker

1. Use the SELECTION tool to choose the shape or path you want to ll. (An

object must be selected in order to ll it.)

2. Go to the TOOL palette and double-click on the STROKE swatch (a framed

box) at the bottom.

The COLOR PICKER will appear.

3. Choose a color.

4. Click OK. Click on any white space to deselect the object.

Adding a Fill to a Shape or Path with the Swatches Palette

1. Use the SELECTION tool to choose the shape or path you want to ll. (An

object must be selected in order to ll it.)

2. Go to the TOOL palette and click on a FILL swatch (a square color chip) at

the bottom.

The object will be lled with the color, gradient, or pattern. Gradients and

patterns cannot be applied to strokes.

Setting the Stroke Width

1. Go to WINDOW > STROKE.

2. Enter a number in the WEIGHT eld.

technique Lesson 6.7: the Color picker

There are a variety of ways to set color in Illustrator. The easiest way is to use

the COLOR PICKER—the same one that appears in Photoshop—which is acti-

vated if you double-click on the FILL or STROKE icons in the TOOL palette.

However, using the SWATCHES palette and COLOR palette is more useful.

Figure6-7 The COLOR PICKER

is identical in Photoshop and Illus-

trator. You can also access color

swatches from here.

Tip

Fill and stroke are

basic techniques

used in every Illus-

trator project.

6.7

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PART TWO Techniques204

technique Lesson 6.8: Swatches

Swatches are grouped color chips that reside on palettes. You can both add

color to and remove colors from the SWATCHES palette.

QuiCk StepS:

Opening the Default Swatches Palette

1. Go to WINDOW > SWATCHES.

You’ll see swatches for process (CMYK) colors, solid spot colors, gradients,

and patterns.

Opening the Other Swatches Palette

1. Go to WINDOW > SWATCH LIBRARIES.

2. Choose either DEFAULT CMYK (for full-color print), WEB-SAFE (for Web),

DEFAULT RGB (for broadcast or CD), or PANTONE UNCOATED (for spot-

color printing) to get started.

Adding and Saving a Color to the Swatches Palette

1. Go to WINDOW > SWATCH LIBRARIES.

2. Pick the color or gradient you want to add from the COLOR PICKER, the

document, or the GRADIENT palette.

3. Click the ADD SWATCH icon in the SWATCHES palette.

Deleting a Swatch from the Swatches Palette

1. Select the swatch.

2. Click the TRASH CAN icon in the SWATCHES palette.

Add a Fill to a Shape or Path with the Swatches Palette

1. Click on an object.

2. Click on a swatch.

The object will be lled or stroked with the color, gradient, or pattern you

selected. Gradients and patterns cannot be applied to strokes.

6.8

Tip

There are dozens

of swatch sets in

Illustrator, includ-

ing important ones

used over and over

for print and Web

design. Saving

swatches is a very

helpful production

technique.

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Chapter 6 Vector Graphics 205

Figures6-8,a,b The SWATCHES palette holds the swatches for solid colors, Pantone colors,

gradients, and patterns.

technique Lesson 6.9: Gradients

Gradients are graduated spans of color. Illustrator’s default gradients are stored

and available in the SWATCHES palette. You can also create custom gradients

using the GRADIENT palette and drag them into the SWATCHES palette for

future use.

6.9

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PART TWO Techniques206

QuiCk StepS:

Making or Editing a Gradient

1. Go to WINDOW > GRADIENT. The GRADIENT palette will open.

2. Place the cursor under the GRADIENT bar. Click on the triangle box sliders

and pick a swatch, or use the COLOR PICKER to change the color.

3. Place the cursor under the GRADIENT bar and click to add to the triangle

box sliders, which add colors to the gradient. Click and drag the sliders down

to delete them.

Figure6-9 Gradients can be applied to lls to create a seamless color transition.

technique Lesson 6.10: patterns

Patterns are repetitive elements. There are several default patterns available in

the SWATCHES Palette. You can also quickly create your own original patterns.

QuiCk StepS:

Creating a Custom Pattern

1. Make the object or set of objects that will form the pattern.

2. Select the objects with the SELECTION tool (black arrow).

Tip

Gradients are

heavily utilized for

creating seamless

and subtle back-

grounds. They are

also used for digital

illustration to add

highlights and

shadow areas to a

two-dimensional

surface.

6.10

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Chapter 6 Vector Graphics 207

3. Go to EDIT > DEFINE PATTERN.

4. Name the pattern.

5. Click OK.

The pattern now appears in the SWATCHES palette.

6. Use it to ll an object.

Figures6-10,a,b Add a box lled with white (or any color) around an object in a pattern to

create a cushion of space in the pattern.

Tip

Patterns work well

as background

elements and cre-

ate repetition in

compositions.

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PART TWO Techniques208

Shapes and Paths

technique Lesson 6.11: Making Shapes (primitives)

Illustrator provides shape tools for creating closed-path shapes, including cir-

cles, ellipses, rectangles, squares, polygons, and stars. Shapes can be lled and

stroked as well as overlapped and used in arrangement or layers.

QuiCk StepS:

Making a Primitive Shape

1. Select a SHAPE tool from the TOOL palette.

2. Drag the shape across the document. (Hold the SHIFT key to create a shape

whose height and width are equal.)

3. Fill and/or stroke the shape with colors from the COLOR PICKER or the

SWATCHES palette.

4. Click on white space to deselect the shape.

Figure6-11 Use the primitive tools to draw shapes.

6.11

Tip

Shapes are the

basis for illustra-

tion and are a

main element

in design across

media. Shapes are

a primary tool for

creating all types

of forms.

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Chapter 6 Vector Graphics 209

technique Lesson 6.12: Selecting and arranging Objects

Entire objects are selected using the SELECTION tool—the black arrow in the

TOOL palette. You can also drag the cursor across a document to select multi-

ple objects; each object the cursor touches will be selected. Multiple selections

can also be made by pressing the SHIFT key while clicking on the objects. (You

can deselect objects by SHIFT-clicking as well.) Once selected, you can move

and manipulate entire objects.

The DIRECT SELECTION tool—the white arrow in the TOOL palette—is

used for selecting individual anchor points and line segments (paths). You can

SHIFT-click to select multiple points or paths.

Objects are arranged in a stacking order on each layer. When you place mul-

tiple objects on one layer, they stack on top of each other.

QuiCk StepS:

Moving an Arrangement

1. Select the objects you want to move forward or back in the stacking order.

2. Go to OBJECT > ARRANGE.

3. Choose BRING FORWARD or SEND TO BACK.

Figures6-12,a,b Move objects from front to back using the ARRANGE command in the

OBJECT menu.

6.12

Tip

Artwork on the

same layer must

be arranged to

position it correctly

and ensure it does

not cover up other

elements.

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PART TWO Techniques210

technique Lesson 6.13: Grouping

Once an object is selected, it can be grouped with other selected objects; this

allows them to be moved and manipulated together.

QuiCk StepS:

Grouping Objects

1. Select the objects you want to group by dragging the cursor to touch each of

them or by SHIFT-clicking them.

2. Go to OBJECT > GROUP.

Ungrouping Objects

1. Select the objects.

2. Go to OBJECT > UNGROUP.

Figure6-13 Grouping objects keeps them together, making it easier to move and manipulate

them.

technique Lesson 6.14: align and Distribute Objects

Multiple objects can be aligned to the same horizontal, vertical, or center edge

or distributed evenly in the same manner.

6.13

Tip

Grouping keeps

together artwork

that was created

separately. A logo

might be grouped

with its accom-

panying icon and

text, for example.

6.14

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Chapter 6 Vector Graphics 211

QuiCk StepS:

Aligning or Distributing Objects

1. Select the objects you want to group by dragging to touch them or SHIFT-

clicking them.

2. Go to WINDOW > ALIGN to open the ALIGN panel.

3. Choose an alignment or distribution. The choices are vertically or hori-

zontally aligned, or distribute each item along an edge or the center of the

objects.

Figures6-14,a,b

The ALIGN AND

DISTRIBUTE panel

allows objects to be

aligned and spaced

precisely—without

manual positioning—

thus saving time and

ensuring consistency.

Tip

Use the ALIGN

AND DISTRIBUTE

panel to position

multiple elements

without moving

each one manually

or setting up an

excessive number

of guides.

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PART TWO Techniques212

technique Lesson 6.15: Scaling, rotating, and Duplicating

Use the FREE TRANSFORM tool or the OBJECT menu to scale and rotate

objects.

QuiCk StepS:

Scaling and Rotating Objects

1. Select the objects or groups you want to scale or rotate by dragging to touch

them or SHIFT-clicking them.

2. Choose the FREE TRANSFORM tool from the TOOL palette.

3. To scale, grab a corner. Hold the SHIFT key to maintain the object’s height

and width proportion, or drag freely to change the object’s aspect ratio.

4. To rotate, move the cursor just outside of a handle, and drag clockwise or

counterclockwise.

Copying an Object by Dragging

1. Select the objects or groups.

2. Start dragging and then hold the ALT key (Windows) or the OPTION key

(Macintosh). A copy will automatically be made.

Be sure to drag the objects to the desired position.

Duplicating an Object

1. Select the objects or groups.

2. Start dragging and then hold the ALT key (Windows) or the OPTION key

(Macintosh). A copy will automatically be made. Be sure to drag the objects

to the desired position.

3. Press CTRL + D (Windows) or CMD + D (Macintosh) to create another

duplicate the same distance from the original as the previous one.

The DUPLICATE command works for many functions.

6.15

Tip

Scaling, rotating,

and repeating

are techniques

frequently used

to create visual

variety as well as

to size and position

artwork properly.

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