Драгункин А.Н. Cправочная часть к 10-ти занятиям по английскому
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ÑÏÐÀÂÎ×ÍÀß
×ÀÑÒÜ
159
Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
ÑÂÎÄÍÀß ÒÀÁËÈÖÀ ÂÎÑÜÌÈ ÎÊÎÍ×ÀÍÈÉ
(äëÿ ïðèìåðîâ âîçüì¸ì ïðàâèëüíûé ãëàãîë
“paint” – ïýéíò = «êðàñèòü»):
¹ Âèä îêîí÷àíèÿ: Ê ÷åìó ïðèñîåäèíÿåòñÿ? ×òî îíî äà¸ò?
+S
+S
’S
+(e)D – ä ,
èä,
ò
+ING – èíã
ê ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîìó
â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå:
boy
S =
ïîñëå «Oí/-à/-î» è «Kòî?»
è ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûõ
â åäèíñòâåííîì ÷èñëå
ê ãëàãîëó:
paint
S =
ê ñóùåñòâèòåëüíûì
è ê èìåíàì
ñîáñòâåííûì:
my mother
’S =
Michael
’S =
ê ïðàâèëüíîìó ãëàãîëó:
paint
ED =
à) ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ:
á)
ïàññèâíîå îïðåäåë.:
ê ëþáîìó ãëàãîëó:
paint
ING =
à) äååïðè÷àñòèå:
á)
àêòèâíîå îïðåäåë.:
â) ñóùåñòâèòåëüíîå:
Ìíîæåñòâ. ÷èñëî:
= ìàëü÷èê
È;
= êðàñ
ÈÒ;
«Âëàäåëüöà»:
= ìîåé ìàòÅÐ
È,
= Ìàéêë
ÎÂ;
= (ïî-)êðàñè
Ë;
= ïîêðàø
ÅÍ/íûé,
= îêðàøèâà
ÅÌûé;
= êðàñ
ß;
= êðàñ
ßÙèé,
= êðàñè
ÂØèé;
= êðàø
ÅÍÈÅ;
1à.
1á.
1â.
2.
3.
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Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
Ðóññêî-Ðóññêèå Ôîðìóëû.
ÇÍÀÉÒÅ, ÷òî ÂÒÎÐÛÌ (II) âàðèàíòàì ÐÐÔ
ñîîòâåòñòâóþò èõ
áóêâàëüíûå àíãëèéñêèå ïåðåâîäû:
I: =→ II: = Àíãë.:
ß ðîäèëñÿ =→ ß áûë ðîæä¸í = I was born áîîí
Ñèëüíåå ìåíÿ =→ Ñèëüíåå, ÷åì ìåíÿ = Stronger than me.
Äàé åìó ñäåëàòü ýòî =→ Ïîçâîëü åìó + ñäåëàòü ýòî!
= Let him + do it
Ó ìåíÿ åñòü ... =→ ß èìåþ ... = I have ...
=→ Ó ìåíÿ èìååòñÿ … = I’ve got …
Ó íåãî åñòü ... =→ Îí èìååò ... = He has ...
=→ Ó íåãî èìååòñÿ … = He’s got
Òû ïîäãëÿäûâàë çà íèìè? – Íåò, ÿ ÍÅ ÄÅËÀË ýòîãî ...
No, I DIDN’T DO that ...
Ìåíÿ íàêàçà
ëè =→ ß áûë íàêàçàí = I was punished ïàíèøüò
Åãî îáèäå
ëè=→ Îí áûë îáèæåí = He was offended îôýíäèä
1 2 3
Êâàðòèðà ìîåé ìàòåðè =→ Ìîåé ìàòåð
è êâàðòèða.
= My mother
’s flat.
ß õî÷ó, ÷òîáû ìåíÿ íàãðàäèëè =→ ß õî÷ó + áûòü íàãðàæä
¸í(-íûì).
= I want+ to be rewarde
d.
ðèw
îîäèä
ß
áóäó õóäîæíèêîì =→ ß + áóäó áûòü + õóäîæíèêîì.
= I+
will be + an artist ààòèñò
Íàðå÷èå:
= áûñòð
Î;
= âî´âðåìÿ,
= åæåäíåâí
Î;
Îïðåäåëåíèå:
= âåòð
ÅÍÛÉ;
Ïîðÿäêîâûå
÷èñëèòåëüíûå:
= ñåäüì
ÎÉ;
= «áîëåå ...»:
= óìíå
Å
= ðàíüø
Å, ðàíåÅ;
=
ñàìûé óìíûé,
íàèóìíåéøèé;
=
ñàìûé ðàííèé.
¹ Âèä îêîí÷àíèÿ: Ê ÷åìó ïðèñîåäèíÿåòñÿ? ×òî îíî äà¸ò?
————————————————————————————————
ÂÎÒ È ÂѨ !!!
Áîëüøå â àíãëèéñêîì ÿçûêå
ÍÈ×ÅÃÎ ñî ñëîâîì (â öåëÿõ èçìåíåíèÿ åãî
ôóíêöèè)
ñäåëàòü ÍÅËÜÇß !!!
————————————————————————————————
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
+LY – ëè
+Y – è
+TH– è
+ER – ý
+EST – èñò
ê îïðåäåëåíèÿì:
quick
LY =
è ê ñóùåñòâèò.:
time
LY =
day
LY =
ê ñóùåñòâèòâèòåëüíûì:
wind
Y =
ê êîëè÷åñòâåííûì
÷èñëèòåëüíûì:
seven
TH =
ê ïðèëàãàòåëüíûì:
smart
ER =
è ê íàðå÷èÿì:
earli
ER =
ê ïðèëàãàòåëüíûì:
the smartEST =
è ê íàðå÷èÿì:
the earliEST =
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Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
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Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
ÂÛÓ×ÈÒÅ ñëåäóþùèå îòãëàãîëüíûå îïðåäåëåíèÿ
è òóò æå ïîëüçóéòåñü èìè
(«ãàëî÷êàìè» îòìå÷åíû
ñàìûå óïîòðåáèòåëüíûå ñëîâà)!:
áèò/ûé
áðèò/ûé
áðîøåí/íûé
âçÿò/ûé
âîçíèêøèé
âñòàâøèé, ïîäíÿâøèéñÿ
âûáðàí/íûé
âûïèò/ûé
âûðîñøèé
âûðîùåí/íûé
âûñå÷åí/íûé
âûó÷åí/íûé
ãíèëîé
ãîíèì/ûé
äàí/íûé (= «äàäåí/íûé»)
çàáûò/ûé
çàâÿçàí
çàâÿçàí/íûé
çàì¸ðçøèé
çàìîðîæåí/íûé
çàòîíóâøèé, çàòîïëåí/íûé
èçâåñòåí, èçâåñòíûé
(= «çíàåì/ûé»)
èñêîì/ûé
èñïîð÷åí/íûé
íàãðóæåí/íûé
íàïèñàí/íûé
íàðèñîâàí/íûé
íà÷àò/ûé
íåñîì/ûé, íîñèì/ûé
íîøåí/ûé (îá îäåæäå)
îïóõøèé
ïëàâëåí/íûé
ïîáðèò/ûé
= beaten
= shaven
= thrown
= taken
= arisen
= risen
= chosen
= drunk
= grown
= grown
= graved, graven
= learned
= rotten
= driven
= given
= forgotten
= bound
= bounden
= frozen
= frozen
= sunk, sunken
= known
= sought
= spoilt, spoiled
= laden
= written
= drawn
= begun
= borne
= worn
= swallen
= melted, molten
= shaven
á
èèòí √
øü
åéâí
θ
ðîóí √
òýéêí √
ýð
àéçí
ðàéçí
÷
îóçí √
äðàíê √
ãð
îóí √
ãð
îóí
ãðýéâä, ãðýéâí
ë
œœíä √
ðîòí √
äðàéâí
ãèâí √
ôîã
îòí √
á
àóíä √
á
àóíäýí
ôð
îóçí √
ôð
îóçí
ñàíê, ñàíêí √
í
îóí √
ñîîò
ñïîéëò, ñïîéëä √
ëýéäí
ðèòí √
äðîîí
áèã
àí
áîîí
w
îîí
ñwîîëí √
ì
ýëòèä, ìîëòí
øü
åéâí
ß ñìîãó =→ ß áóäó (áûòü) â ñîñòîÿíèè …
= I will be able (to) …
ß êóïèë … =→ Ó ìåíÿ (åñòü) + êóïë
åí(-íûé) …
= I have + bough
t … áîîò
Ìíå áû ïîéòè =→ ß + äîëæåí áûë áû + ïîéòè.
= I + should + go.
Ìíå áû ñúåñòü ÿáëîêî = 1) ß + áû õîòåë + ñúåñòü ÿáëîêî.
= I’d like to + eat an apple;
2) ß+ äîëæåí áûë áû + ñúåñòü ÿáëîêî.
I + should + eat an apple.
Ìíå ñêàçàëè =→ ß áûë èçâåù
¸í = I was told … òîóëä
Ìíå õî÷åòñÿ =→ ß õî÷ó = I want (to) ...
Ìíå íðàâèòñÿ ... =→ ß ñèìïàòèçèðóþ / îáîæàþ ...
= I like (to) ... ëàéê
————————————————————————————————
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Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
Ýòè ← àíãëèéñêèå îïðåäåëåíèÿ ÿâëÿþòñÿ åù¸ è
òàê íàçûâàåìûìè
«3-ìè ôîðìàìè».
NB 1: Ïðîñòî çàïîìíèòå ýòîò òåðìèí!!!
Íî îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå âåäü
âñå èç íèõ
îáðàçîâàíû
îò ãëàãîëîâ !!!
(È ìíîãèå èç íèõ èìåþò îêîí÷àíèå “-
n”, êàê è ìíîãèå ðóññêèå
îòãëàãîëüíûå îïðåäåëåíèÿ !!!).
Ó÷òèòå îäíàêî, ÷òî åñëè ðóññêèå îïðåäåëåíèÿ ìîãóò èìåòü ôîðìó
è êðàòêóþ: ñúåä
ÅÍ,
è ïîëíóþ: ñúåä
ÅÍ/íûé,
òî
àíãëèéñêèå (îòãëàãîëüíûå) îïðåäåëåíèÿ èìåþò
òîëüêî îäíó
óæå áîëåå
ÍÅèçìåíÿåìóþ ôîðìó (= “eaten”) !!!
NB 2:
Åñëè æå Âû çàõîòèòå îáðàçîâàòü àíãëèéñêîå «äëÿùååñÿ», «ðàñ-
òÿíóòîå» îïðåäåëåíèå, òî ïðîñòî ïîñòàâüòå ñíà÷àëà ñëîâî being,
à ïîòîì ïðèáàâüòå îäíî èç ýòèõ ← îïðåäåëåíèé:
«ñúåäåííûé» = eaten,
íî: «ñúåäàåìûé» = being eaten:
Âð
↓
åìÿ
He + IS + BEING EATEN + right now.
õè èç áèèíã èèòí ðàéò íàó
Îí + + ÏÎÅÄÀ
ÅÌÛÌ + ïðÿìî ñåé÷àñ.
Åãî + ÅÄßÒ + ïðÿìî ñåé÷àñ.
ïîãðóæåí/íûé
ïîêàçàí/íûé
ïîêèíóò/ûé
ïîëó÷åí/íûé
ïîðâàí/íûé
ïîðóáëåí/íûé
ïîñåÿí/íûé
ïîøèò/ûé
ïðîãîâîð¸í/íûé
ïðîëîìëåí/íûé
ïðûãíóâøèé
ïüÿí/ûé
ðàçáèò/ûé
ðàçîðâàí/íûé
ðàñêîëîò/ûé (òîïîðîì)
ðàñïëàâëåí/íûé
ðàñïóõøèé
ðàññûïàí/íûé
ðîæä¸í/íûé
ñãíèâøèé
ñãíî¸í/íûé
ñäåëàí/íûé
ñêîøåí/íûé
ñëîìàí/íûé
ñîòêàí/íûé
ñîòðÿñàåì/ûé
(«òðÿñîìûé»)
ñïåò/ûé
ñïèëåí/íûé
ñïðÿòàí/íûé
ñòðèæåí/íûé
ñøèò/ûé
ñúåäåí/íûé
óáèò/ûé
óâèäåí/íûé
óäàðåí/íûé
óêðàäåí/íûé
óêóøåí/íûé
óïàâøèé
óøåäøèé
= laden
= shown
= forsaken
= got, gotten
= torn
= hewn
= sown
= sewed, sewn
= spoken
= staved
= sprung
= drunk
= broken
= torn
= cleft
= melted, molten
= swallen
= strewn
= born
= rotten
= rotten
= done
= mown
= broken
= woven
= shaken
= sung
= sawn
= hidden
= shorn
= sewn
= eaten
= slain
= seen
= struck
= stolen
= bit, bitten
= fallen
= gone
ëýéäí
øü
¸óí
ôîñ
ýéêí √
ãîò, ãîòí √
òîîí √
õú
þóí
ñ
îóí
ñú
þóä, ñúþóí
ñï
îóêí √
ñòýéâä
ñïðàíã
äðàíê √
áð
îóêí √
òîîí √
êëåôò
ì
ýëòèä, ìîëòí
ñwîîëí √
ñòðóóí
áîîí √
ðîòí √
ðîòí
äàí √
ì
îóí
áð
îóêí √
wóâí
øüåéêí
ñàíã √
ñîîí
õèäí √
ø
¸îí
ñú
þóí
èèòí √
ñëýéí
ñèèí
ñòðàê, ñòðèêí
ñò
îóëí √
áèò, áèòí √
ôîîëí √
ãîí, ãàí √
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Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
Ôîðìû ïðîøåäøåãî âðåìåíè = 2-å ôîðìû
íåïðàâèëüíûõ ãëàãîëîâ,
êîòîðûå îòëè÷àþòñÿ
è îò èõ æå 1-ûõ, è îò èõ æå 3-èõ ôîðì (ãàëî÷êàìè îòìå÷åíû
ìàëîóïîòðåáëÿåìûå ñëîâà):
ëîìàë, ñëîìàë
ì¸ðç, çàì¸ðç
ìîðîçèë, çàìîðîçèë
íàãðóæàë, íàãðóçèë
íàïèñà´ë, ïèñà´ë
íàðèñîâàë, ðèñîâàë
íà÷àë, íà÷èíàë
í¸ñ, íîñèë
íîñèë (îá îäåæäå)
îïóõ, îïóõàë
ïàäàë, óïàë
ïåë, ñïåë
ïèë, âûïèë
ïèëèë, ñïèëèë
ïèñà´ë, íàïèñà´ë
ïëàâèë, ðàñïëàâèë
ïîáðèë, áðèë
ïîãðóçèë, ãðóçèë
ïîêàç(âû)àë
ïîêèäàë, ïîêèíóë
âçÿë, áðàë
âèäåë, óâèäåë
âîçíèê/-àë
âñòàâàë, âñòàë
ïîëó÷àë, ïîëó÷èë
ïîðâàë, ðâàë
ïîðóáèë, ðóáèë
ïîñåÿë, ñåÿë
ïîñòðèã, ñòðèã
ïîøèë, øèë
ïîðòèë, èñïîðòèë
ïðûãíóë, ïðûãàë
ïðÿòàë, ñïðÿòàë
ðàçáè(âà)ë
ðàçîðâàë, ðàçðûâàë
ðàñêîëîë (òîïîðîì)
= beat
= took
= shaved
= threw
= chose
= drank
= grew
= grew
= graved
= learned
= rotted
= drove
= rotted
= spoke
= laded
= gave
= did
= ate
= forgot
= bound
= froze
= froze
= sank
= knew
= sought
= spoiled
= clave,
cleft
= mowed
= stole
= bit
= broke
= froze
= froze
= laded
= wrote
= drew
= began
= bore
= wore
= swelled
= fell
= sang
= drank
= sawed
= wrote
= melted
= shaved
= laded
= showed
= forsook
= took
= saw
= arose
= rose
= got
= tore
= hewed
= sowed
= sheared
= sewed
= spoiled
= sprang
= hid
= broke
= tore
= clave, cleft
áýò
òóê
øüåéâä
θ
ðóó
÷
îóç
äðæíê
ãðóó
ãðóó
ãðýéâä √
ë
œœíä
ð
îòèä
äð
îóâ
ð
îòèä
ñï
îóê
ë
ýéäèä
ãýéâ
äèä
ýéò
ôîãîò
á
àóíä
ôð
îóç
ôð
îóç
ñæíê
íú
þó
ñîîò √
ñïîéëä
êëýéâ,
êëåôò √
ì
îóä
ñò
îóë
áèò
áð
îóê
ôð
îóç
ôð
îóç
ë
ýéäèä
ð
îóò
äðóó
áèã
æí
áîî √
w
îî
ñwýëä
ôýë
ñæíã
äðæíê
ñîîä
ð
îóò
ì
ýëòèä
øü
åéâä
ë
ýéäèä
øü
¸óä
ôîñ
óê √
òóê
ñîî
ýð
îóç
ð
îóç √
ãîò/ãàò
òîî
õú
þóä √
ñ
îóä
øü
èýä √
ñú
þóä
ñïîéëä
ñïðæíã
õèä
áð
îóê
òîî
êëýéâ, êëåôò √
áèë, ïîáèë
áðàë, âçÿë
áðèë, ïîáðèë
áðîñàë, áðîñèë
âûáèðàë, âûáðàë
âûïèâàë, âûïèë
âûðîñ
âûðàùèâàë, âûðîñòèë
âûñåê/-àë
âûó÷èâàë, âûó÷èë
ãíèë, ñãíèë
ãíàë
ãíîèë
ãîâîðèë
ãðóçèë, íàãðóçèë
äàâàë, äàë
äåëàë, ñäåëàë
åë, ñúåë
çàáûâàë, çàáûë
çàâÿç(ûâ)àë
çàìåðçàë, çàì¸ðç
çàìîðîçèë
çàòîíóë; óòîïèë
çíàë
èñêàë
èñïîðòèë, ïîðòèë
êîëîë, ðàñêîëîë
(òîïîðîì)
êîñèë, ñêîñèë
êðàë, óêðàë
êóñàë, óêóñèë
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Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
ðàñïëàâèë, ïëàâèë
ðàñïóõàë, ðàñïóõ
ðàññûïà´ë, ðàññû´ïàë
ðâàë, ïîðâàë
ðèñîâàë, íàðèñîâàë
ðîäèë, ðîæäàë
ðîñ, âûðîñ
ðóáèë, ïîðóáèë
ñåÿë, ïîñåÿë
ñãíèë, ãíèë
ñãíîèë
ñäåëàë, äåëàë
ñêîñèë, êîñèë
ñîòêàë, òêàë
ñïåë, ïåë
ñïèëèë, ïèëèë
ñïðÿòàë, ïðÿòàë
ñòðèã, ïîñòðèã
ñúåë, åë
ñøèë, øèë
òàñêàë, òàùèë
òêàë, ñîòêàë
òðÿñ, ïîòðÿñ
óáè(âà)ë
óâèäåë, âèäåë
óäàðèë, óäàðÿë
óêðàë, êðàë
óêóñèë, êóñàë
óïàë, ïàäàë
óòîíóë, çàòîíóë;
óòîïèë, çàòîïèë
ó÷èë, âûó÷èë
óø¸ë
ø¸ë
øèë, ñøèë
= melted
= swelled
= strewed
= tore
= drew
= bore
= grew
= hewed
= sowed
= rotted
= rotted
= did
= mowed
= wove
= sang
= sawed
= hid
= sheared
= ate
= sewed
= drew
= wove
= shook
= slaid
= saw
= hit
= stole
= bit
= fell
= sank
= learned
= went
= went
= sewed
ì
ýëòèä
ñwýëä
ñòðóóä √
òîî
äðóó
áîî √
ãðóó
õú
þóä √
ñ
îóä
ð
îòèä
ð
îòèä
äèä
ì
îóä
w
îóâ
ñæíã
ñîîä
õèä
øü
èýä √
ýéò
ñú
þóä
äðóó
w
îóâ
øþê
ñëýéä √
ñîî
õèò
ñò
îóë
áèò
ôýë
ñæíê
ë
œœíä
w
ýíò
w
ýíò
ñú
þóä
ÂÛÓ×ÈÒÅ ñî÷åòàíèÿ “be” ñ îïðåäåëåíèÿìè, «ðàâíûå» ãëàãîëàì:
áåñïîêîèòüñÿ
áîÿòüñÿ (÷åãî-òî)
áûòü íà ìåñòå
âåðíóòüñÿ
âûéòè (èç äîìó)
âûìîòàòüñÿ
çàêîí÷èòüñÿ
çíàòü, áûòü â êóðñå ...
èäòè,
äåìîíñòðèðîâàòüñÿ
ëþáèòü (êîãî-òî)
ìîë÷àòü
ìî÷ü
íàìåðåâàòüñÿ
íåðâíè÷àòü
îïàçäûâàòü
îòîðâàòüñÿ,
óéòè âïåð¸ä
îòñóòñòâîâàòü
ïðåñëåäîâàòü
ïðèñóòñòâîâàòü
ïðîãîëîäàòüñÿ
= be anxious
= be afraid (of)
= be scared (of)
= be in
= be back
= be out
= be exhausted
= be over
= be aware (of) ...
= be on
= be in love with ...
= be silent
= be able to
= be about
= be nervous
= be late
= be well away
= be absent
= be away
= be after
= be present
= be hungry
áèè
æíêøüåñ =
= ò.å. «áûòü áåñïîêîéíûì»
áèè ýôð
ýéä (îâ) =
= ò.å. «áûòü èñïóãàííûì»
áèè ñêåýä (îâ)
áèè èí =
= ò. å. «áûòü â»
áèè á
æê =
= ò.å. «áûòü îáðàòíî»
áèè
àóò
áèè èãçîîñòèä =
= ò.å. «áûòü èçìîæä¸ííûì»
áèè
îóâý
áèè ýwýý (îâ)
áèè îí
áèè èí ë
àâ wèð
áèè ñàéëåíò =
= ò. å. «áûòü ìîë÷àëèâûì»
áèè ýéáë òó =
= ò.å. «áûòü â ñîñòîÿíèè ...»
áèè ýáàóò
áèè 휜âýñ =
= ò.å. «áûòü íåðâíûì»
áèè ëýéò =
= ò. å. «áûòü ïîçäíèì»
áèè wýë ýwýé
áèè æáñýíò =
= ò. å. «áûòü îòñóòñòâóþùèì»
áèè ýwýé =
= ò.å. «áûòü äàëåêî»
áèè ààôòý
áèè ïðýçíò
= ò. å. «áûòü ïðèñóòñòâóþùèì»
áèè õàíãðè =
= ò.å. «áûòü ãîëîäíûì»
171
Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
170
Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
ÏÅÐÂÀß «ÒÀÁËÈÖÀ ÍÅÏÐÀÂÈËÜÍÛÕ ÃËÀÃÎËλ
(
ñî âñåìè òðåìÿ îäèíàêîâûìè ôîðìàìè
(22 øòóêè),
òî åñòü èõ ñëîâàðíàÿ ôîðìà,
èõ
ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ
è èõ ïàññèâíîå
îïðåäåëåíèå
ýòî ôàêòè÷åñêè
îäíî è òî æå ñëîâî):
bet (bet, bet,) áýò = äåðæàòü ïàðè, ñïîðèòü
burst (burst, burst) á
œœñò = ëîïíóòü
cast (cast, cast) ê
ààñò = áðîñàòü; ëèòü (ìåòàëë)
cost (cost, cost) êîñò = ñòîèòü
cut (cut, cut) êàò = ðåçàòü
hit (hit, hit) õèò = óäàðÿòü
hurt (hurt, hurt) õ
œœò = äåëàòü áîëüíî
knit (knit, knit) íèò = âÿçàòü
let (let, let) ëåò = ïîçâîëÿòü
put (put, put) ïóò = ñòàâèòü, êëàñòü
quit (quit, quit) êw
èò = îñòàâèòü
rid (rid, rid)* ðèä = îñâîáîæäàòü
set (set, set) ñýò = ñòàâèòü
shed (shed, shed)* øüåä = òåðÿòü
shred (shred, shred)* øüðåä = êðîìñàòü
shut (shut, shut) øÿò = çàêðûâàòü
slit (slit, slit)* ñëèò = ðàçðåçàòü
split (split, slplit) ñïëèò = êîëîòü
spread (spread, spread) ñïðýä = ðàñïðîñòðàíÿòü
sweat (sweat, sweat) ñw
ýò = ïîòåòü
thrust (thrust, thrust)*
θ
ðàñò = òîëêàòü.
* Çâ¸çäî÷êàìè îòìå÷åíû ìàëîóïîòðåáèòåëüíûå ñëîâà.
ÏÎËÍÛÉ
ÏÅÐÅ×ÅÍÜ «ÍÅ-ÏÐÀÂÈËÜÍÛÕ» ÃËÀÃÎËÎÂ.
ðàññòðîèòüñÿ
ðåâíîâàòü
ñåðäèòüñÿ
ñîæàëåòü î ...
ñî÷óâñòâîâàòü
ñïåøèòü
ñõîäèòü ñ óìà ïî ...
òîðîïèòüñÿ
õîòåòü åñòü
õîòåòü ïèòü
ñïàòü
ó÷àñòâîâàòü â ...
óñòàòü
ðàññòðîèòüñÿ
ðåâíîâàòü
ñåðäèòüñÿ
ñîæàëåòü î ...
ñî÷óâñòâîâàòü
ñïåøèòü
ñõîäèòü ñ óìà ïî ...
òîðîïèòüñÿ
õîòåòü åñòü
õîòåòü ïèòü
ñïàòü
ó÷àñòâîâàòü â ...
óñòàòü
= be upset
= be jealous
= be angry
= be sorry for ...
= be sorry about ...
= be in a hurry
= be crazy about ...
= be in a hurry
= be hungry
= be thirsty
= be asleep
= be in for ...
= be tired
áèè àïñýò =
= ò.å. «áûòü ðàññòðîåííûì»
áèè äæüåëýñ =
= ò. å. «áûòü ðåâíèâûì»
áèè
æíãðè =
= ò. å. «áûòü ñåðäèòûì»
áèè ñîðè ôîî
áèè ñ
îðè ýáàóò
áèè èí ý õàðè =
= ò. å. «áûòü â ñïåøêå»
áèè êðýéçè ýáàóò =
= ò. å. «áûòü ñóìàñøåäøèì»
áèè èí ý õ
àðè
áèè õ
àíãðè =
= ò.å. «áûòü ãîëîäíûì»
áèè
θ
œœñòè =
= ò.å. «áûòü æàæäóùèì»
áèè ýñëèèï =
= ò.å. «áûòü ñîííûì»
áèè èí ôîî
áèè òàéýä =
= ò.å. «áûòü óñòàâøèì»
è ò. ä.
173
Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
172
Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
â) Çäåñü ↓ òîæå 2-ÿ è 3-ÿ ôîðìû îäèíàêîâû !
Èçìåíåíèÿ ãëàãîëîâ è â
ýòîé ↓ ïîäãðóïïå
òàêæå ëåãêè äëÿ çàó÷èâàíèÿ,
è ñâîäÿòñÿ
ê ïîÿâëåíèþ -t íà êîíöå ãëàãîëà,
ñ îäíîâðåìåííûì
«óêîðà÷èâàíèåì» ãëàñíîé
â åãî ñåðåäèíå
(è ñ ñîîòâåòñòâóþùèì èçìåíåíèåì â å¸ ïðîèçíîøåíèè !!!):
burn (burnt, burnt) á
œœí (᜜íò) = ãîðåòü
creep (crept, crept) êðèèï (êðýïò) = ïîëçòè
deal (dealt, dealt) äèèë (äýëò) = èìåòü äåëî ñ
äîãîâàðèâàòüñÿ
dwell (dwelt, dwelt) äw
ýë (äwýëò) = ïðîæèâàòü, æèòü
feel (felt, felt) ôèèë (ôýëò) = ÷óâñòâîâàòü
keep (kept, kept) êèèï (êýïò) = (ñî)äåðæàòü
kneel (knelt, knelt) íèèë (íýëò) = âñòàòü íà êîëåíè;
ñòîÿòü íà êîëåíÿõ
mean (meant, meant) ìèèí (ìýíò) = èìåòü â âèäó
ãîâîðèòü ñåðü¸çíî
meet (met, met) ìèèò (ìýò) = âñòðå÷àòü(-ñÿ)
shoot (shot, shot) ø
þóò (ø¸ò) = ñòðåëÿòü
sleep (slept, slept) ñëèèï (ñëýïò) = ñïàòü
smell (smelt, smelt) ñìýë (ñìýëò) = ïàõíóòü, íþõàòü
spell (spelt, spelt) ñïýë (ñïýëò) = ïðîèçíîñèòü
ïî áóêâàì
spill (spilt, spilt) ñïèë (ñïèëò) = ïðîëèâàòü(-ñÿ),
ðàçáðûçãèâàòü(-ñÿ)
sweep (swept, swept) ñw
èèï (ñwýïò)=ìåñòè´, ïîäìåòàòü
weep (wept, wept) w
èèï (wýïò) = ïëàêàòü.
ÂÒÎÐÀß «ÒÀÁËÈÖÀ
ÍÅÏÐÀÂÈËÜÍÛÕ ÃËÀÃÎËλ
(î÷åíü ë¸ãêàÿ äëÿ çàó÷èâàíèÿ)
ñ îäèíàêîâûìè 2-é è 3-é ôîðìàìè
(1-ÿ ÷àñòü ýòîé ãðóïïû 27 øòóê).
NB. Âñïîìèíàåì, ÷òî
2-ÿ ôîðìà ýòî ïðîøåäøåå âðåìÿ,
à 3-ÿ ôîðìà ýòî (ïàññèâíîå) îïðåäåëåíèå,
îáðàçîâàííîå èç ýòîãî æå ãëàãîëà.
ÊÀÊ èõ ÇÀÏÎÌÈÍÀÒÜ?
a) Èçìåíåíèÿ, ïðîèçîøåäøèå âî 2-õ è â 3-õ ôîðìàõ
ñëåäóþùèõ ãëàãîëîâ ↓ î÷åíü îäíîîáðàçíû.
 äàííîì ñëó÷àå îíè ñâåëèñü ëèøü
ê «óêîðà÷èâàíèþ» ãëàñíîé â ñåðåäèíå ãëàãîëà:
bleed (bled, bled) áëèèä (áëåä) = êðîâîòî÷èòü
breed (bred, bred) áðèèä (áðýä) = ïîðîæäàòü
feed (fed, fed) ôèèä (ôýä) = êîðìèòü
lead (led, led) ëèèä (ëåä) = âåñòè
speed (sped, sped) ñïèèä (ñïýä) = ñïåøèòü, ãíàòü
+
have (had, had) õæâ (õæä) = èìåòü
(à çäåñü «ïðî↑ïàëî» ve- è ïðèáàâèëîñü «íîðìàëüíîå» +d);
á) Òóò ↓ âñå èçìåíåíèÿ
ýòî
ïåðåõîä -d â→ -t íà êîíöå ãëàãîëà:
bend (bent, bent) áýíä (áýíò) = ñãèáàòü
build (built, built) áèëä (áèëò) = ñòðîèòü
lend (lent, lent) ëýíä (ëýíò) = îäàëæèâàòü
send (sent, sent) ñýíä (ñýíò) = ïîñûëàòü
spend (spent, spent) ñïýíä (ñïýíò) = òðàòèòü;
175
Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
174
Ñïðàâî÷íàÿ ÷àñòü
á) Ýòî ↓ òîæå ÷àñòü ãðóïïû ãëàãîëîâ
ñ îäèíàêîâûìè 2-é = ïðîøåäøèì âðåìåíåì
è 3-é = ïàññèâíûì îïðåäåëåíèåì
ôîðìàìè.
Íî ýòè ôîðìû çíà÷èòåëüíî îòëè÷àþòñÿ
îò èõ æå 1-é ôîðìû.
ÊÀÊ èõ ÇÀÏÎÌÈÍÀÒÜ?
Çäåñü ↓ ÷óòü-÷óòü ïîòðóäíåå,
íî «Íàäî çíà÷èò íàäî!».
Âî âñåõ 2-3-èõ ôîðìàõ êîíåö ñëîâà
ïðåâðàòèëñÿ â→ -ought = «-ooò»:
bring (brought, brought) áðèíã (áðîîò) = ïðèíîñèòü
buy (bought, bought) áàé (áîîò) = ïîêóïàòü
catch (cought, cought) êæò÷ (êîîò) = õâàòàòü;
ëîâèòü, ïîéìàòü;
seek (sought, sought) ñèèê (ñîîò) = èñêàòü
teach (taught, taught) òûû÷ (òîîò) = îáó÷àòü, ó÷èòü
think (thought, thought)
θ
èíê (
θ
îîò) = äóìàòü.
NB !
Î÷åíü ðåêîìåíäóþ îáðàòèòü îñîáîå âíèìàíèå íà ìîè êíèãè
«5 ñåíñàöèé»
è
«Â íà÷àëå áûëî ñëîâî. Ðóññêîå».
Ñïðàøèâàéòå èõ â ìàãàçèíàõ Âàøåãî ãîðîäà
èëè
çàêàçûâàéòå â ìî¸ì èíòåðíåò-ìàãàçèíå ïî àäðåñó:
www.dragunkin.ru
À. Äðàãóíêèí.
ÒÐÅÒÜß «ÒÀÁËÈÖÀ
ÍÅÏÐÀÂÈËÜÍÛÕ ÃËÀÃÎËλ
ñ îäèíàêîâûìè 2-é è 3-é ôîðìàìè
(2-ÿ ÷àñòü ýòîé ãðóïïû 18 + 6 øòóê).
ÊÀÊ èõ ÇÀÏÎÌÈÍÀÒÜ?
à) Îáðàòèòå âíèìàíèå íà òî, ÷òî
âî 2-õ è â 3-õ ôîðìàõ ýòèõ ↓ ãëàãîëîâ èçìåíèëàñü
òîëüêî ãëàñíàÿ âíóòðè ñàìîãî´ ñëîâà,
(÷òî çíà÷èòåëüíî îáëåã÷àåò çàïîìèíàíèå):
1-ÿ ô.: 2-ÿ ô. = 3-é ô.:
cling (clung, clung) êëèíã (êëàíã) = öåïëÿòüñÿ
dig (dug, dug) äèã (äàã) = êîïàòü
fight (fought, fought) ôàéò (ôîîò) = äðàòüñÿ
find (found, found) ôàéíä (ô
àóíä) = íàõîäèòü
grind (ground, ground) ãðàéíä (ãð
àóíä) = ìîëîòü
hold (held, held) õ
îóëä (õýëä) = äåðæàòü
say (said, said) ñýé (ñýä) = ñêàçàòü
(çäåñü èçì↑åíèëîñü òîëüêî íàïèñàíèå ãëàñíîé: y → i)
sell (sold, sold) ñýë (ñîóëä) = ïðîäà(âà)òü
(à çäåñü åù¸ ↑ ïðèáàâèëîñü «íîðìàëüíîå» +d)
shine (shone, shone) øÿéí (ø¸óí) = ñâåòèòü
sit (sat, sat) ñèò (ñæò) = ñèäåòü
slide (slid, slid) ñëàéä (ñëèä) = ñêîëüçèòü
spin (spun, spun) ñïèí (ñïàí) = ïðÿñòü;
êðóòèòü(-ñÿ)
stand (stood, stood) ñòæíä (ñòóä) = ñòîÿòü
stick (stuck, stuck) ñòèê (ñòàê) = ëèïíóòü
sting (stung, stung) ñòèíã (ñòàíã) = æàëèòü
swing (swung, swung) ñwèíã (ñw
àíã)=êà÷àòü
win (won, won) w
èí (wàí) = ïîáåæäàòü
wind (wound, wound) w
àéíä (wàóíä) = íàìàòûâàòü;
èçâèâàòüñÿ;