Duffy Christopher. Red Storm On The Reich (ENG)

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237, 238, 297, 306, 316, 320, 325,

334-36, 340, 344, 346-49, 377;

First Guards Tank Army, 31, 37,

74, 77, 80, 98, 101, 103, 109, 111,

122, 183, 188, 189, 194, 195, 227,

232, 233, 325, 329, 330, 337, 338,

340, 346-48, 350; 1st Ukrainian

Front, 12, 17, 22, 26-27, 29-31, 67-

72, 78, 82, 88, 91, 97, 127, 134,

138, 146, 295, 297, 304, 316, 320,

325, 334, 336, 340, 344, 346, 349;

Second Air Army, 320, 342; 2nd

Baltic Front, 14; 2nd Belorussian

Front, 26, 29, 105, 107, 122, 153-

54, 167-76, 180, 185-87, 220, 221,

223, 232, 297, 305, 306, 324, 326,

342, 362; II Guards Cavalry

Corps, 189; Second Guards Tank

Army, 31, 78, 103, 104, 111, 122,

183, 188, 195, 237, 328, 337, 338,

340, 343, 346-48, 350; Second

Shock Army, 167, 192; 2nd

Ukrainian Front, 10, 293, 294;

Third Army, 167; III Aviation

Corps, 343; 3rd Baltic Front, 14;

3rd Belorussian Front, 26, 29, 153,

155, 156, 170, 171, 203, 217, 285,

305, 324, 326; Third Guards

Army, 340; III Guards Cavalry

Corps, 171, 188; Third Guards

Tank Army, 20, 31, 69, 78, 88-94,

128, 133-35, 138, 139, 273, 325,

331, 340, 345-48, 350; III Guards

Tank Corps, 187, 192; Third

Shock Army, 104, 183, 188, 195-

97, 237, 325; 3rd Ukrainian Front,

293, 294; IV Guards Tank Corps,

32, 33, 88, 340; Fourth Tank

Army, 31, 37, 69, 78, 88, 94, 95,

128, 135, 144, 145, 317, 340, 347,

348; 4th Ukrainian Front, 143,

145; Fifth Guards Army, 95, 340;

Fifth Guards Tank Army, 167,

171, 326, 350; Fifth Shock Army,

21, 35, 73-75, 78, 111, 112, 120-

21, 180, 240, 243, 328, 335, 341;

Sixth Army, 265, 325; 6th

Leningrad Rocket Artillery

Brigade, 235; VII Guards Cavalry

Corps, 328; VII Guards Tank

Corps, 325; Eighth Guards Army,

20, 74, 75, 77, 83, 98, 99, 101, 113,

121, 240, 243, 245, 249, 292, 326,

349, 380; VIII Guards Mechanised

Corps, 110, 111, 225; IX Guards

Tank Corps, 35, 340, 343; IX

Mechanised Corps, 348; Eleventh

Guards Army, 156, 162, 210-13,

320; XI Guards Tank Corps, 77,

101, 109, 194, 291, 340, 342, 343,

352, 378; Sixteenth Air Army,

320, 342, 343; Nineteenth Army,

187, 192, 193, 227; Twenty-First

Army, 91, 92, 144, 325; XXI

Guards Tank Corps, 340; XXV

Tank Corps, 340; XXVII Guards

Rifle Corps, 98-99; Thirty-Third

Army, 73, 110, 111, 325, 340;

Thirty-Eighth Army, 13, 328;

Thirty-Ninth Army, 156, 164-66,

203, 210, 213; XL Guards Rifle

Corps, 193; Forty-Third Army,

156, 164, 166, 207, 210-13; 44th

Guards Tank Brigade, 77; 45th

Tank Brigade, 77, 109; Forty-

Seventh Army, 30, 78, 103-6,

183, 195, 237, 353; Forty-Eighth

Army, 167, 173; Forty-Ninth

Army, 223; Fiftieth Army, 210,

211; Fifty-Second Army, 135, 325;

53rd Guards Tank Brigade, 345;

Fifty-Ninth Army, 88, 91, 145,

146, 325; Sixtieth Army, 32, 33,

88, 91, 93, 145; Sixty-First Army,

103, 105, 170, 183, 195, 237, 325;

Sixty-Ninth Army, 73, 75, 101,

110, 111, 121, 249, 328, 332, 340,

342; Seventieth Army, 122, 170;

82nd Guards Rifle Division, 292;

83rd Guards Rifle Division, 320;

89th Independent Heavy Tank

Regiment, 341; 220th

Independent Tank Brigade, 341;

239th Guards Rifle Regiment, 342;

242nd Rifle Regiment, 273; 301st

Rifle Division, 112; 402nd Fighter

Aviation Regiment, 343; 1,006th

Rifle Regiment, 341; 1,181st Rifle

Regiment, 105; 1,989th Self-

Propelled Artillery Regiment, 342

INDEX

399

Red Banner Fleet, 290

Reichsarbeitsdienst, 383

Reinhardt, Colonel-General Hans,

60, 61, 152, 169, 170, 172, 173,

309, 371

Remlinger, Colonel, 106

Rendulic, Colonel-General Dr.

Lothar, 14, 173, 177

Revel, 271

Rheinefarth, SS Lieutenant-General,

243, 247

Riga, 14

Rokossovskii, Marshal K. K., 29,

220, 338, 363; in Berlin Operation,

297; Danzig-Gotenhafen offensive

of, 223; in East Pomerania

Operation, 186, 187, 192; in East

Prussia, 153, 167-68, 170, 171,

185; in Vistula-Oder Operation,

107, 122, 175, 176, 305, 306

Romania, 12, 48, 277

Romanovskii, Lieutenant-General,

187

Rommel, Field Marshal Erwin, 187

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 116

Rosenberg, 206, 327

Royal Air Force (RAF), 49

Rudel, Lieutenant-Colonel Hans

Ulrich, 39, 115, 118, 120, 308, 361

Rügenwaldermünde, 289

Ruhr, 90

Rundstedt, Field-Marshal Gerd von,

Russia, 4, 11, 239, 271; Jews of, 272;

Prussia and, 284; in Seven Years

War, 291-92; see also Soviet Union

Rybalko, Colonel-General Pavel

Semenovich, 20, 31, 69, 91, 92,

128, 133, 134, 273, 348

Ryan, C., 177, 242, 246

Saar, 48, 90

Sachsenheimer, Major-General Max,

129-30, 371, 372

Sagan, 276

Sajer, Guy, 53, 221, 223, 224

Saltykov, Marshal, 292

Samland, 151, 164-66, 175, 203,

204, 207-13, 215, 222, 372, 384;

fall of, 217-19, 306; refugees in,

289

Sandomierz bridgehead, 12, 30, 32,

61, 63, 67, 70, 87-88, 253

Sassnitz, 289

Saucken, General Dietrich von, 80,

86, 96, 97, 217, 219, 221, 222, 224,

228, 229, 231, 276, 308, 309

Saxony, 292

Schäufler, Lieutenant Hans, 229,

230, 274, 278, 279, 281, 322, 344,

347, 356, 361, 367, 370, 383

Schiller, Lieutenant Klaus, 370

Schirwitz, Vice-Admiral, 287

Schlesien (battleship), 223

Schleswig-Holstein, 290, 298

Schlitenfahrt, Operation, 61, 63

Schlossberg, 279

Schneidemühl, 106, 179, 288

Schörner, Field-Marshal Ferdinand,

133, 176, 253, 258-60, 264, 287,

294-97, 309; appointed

commander of Army Group A,

81, 128; at Kattowitz salient, 93;

at Kurland, 60; Lauban

counteroffensive of, 138-41

Schramm, P. E„ 40, 41, 49, 327

Schuberth, Police Major-General,

215

Schulz, General Friedrich, 90, 91,

138, 308

Schutzstaffel, see SS

Schwede-Coburg, Gauleiter Franz,

232, 278, 288, 309

Schwiebus, 110

Seeckt, Colonel-General Hans von,

364

Seerappen airfield, 163

Seidemann, General, 83

Semenov, G. G., 104

Serosk bridgehead, 167

Seven Years War, 40, 291-92, 340

Shatilov, V. M., 104, 195, 369

Shcheglov, General, 354

Shilovskii, E. A., 313

Shtemenko, General Sergei

Matveeich, 17, 26, 27

Silesia, 29, 122, 123, 186, 291-92,

306, 308; civilians massacred in,

INDEX

400

274, 276; defence of, 375; Polish

annexation of, 299, 300; Russian

offensive in, 127-42; see also

Upper Silesian Industrial Region

Skorobogatov, D. I., 168, 193,

227

Skvortsov, Private, 329

Slovakia, 12, 142, 282

Smirnov, Colonel M. A., 189

Sochaczew, 103

Sokolovskii, General Vasilii

Danilovich, 121

Somme, battle of the, 115

Sonnenwende, Operation, 181-85,

306, 366

Sovinform (news agency), 240

Spain, 4

Spanish Civil War, 315

Specht, General Karl-Wilhelm, 220,

221

Speer, Albert, 47, 48, 90, 115, 144

Spetsnaz, 34

Spielhagen, Dr., 258

Spring Awakening, 294

SS, 6, 19, 44-45, 57, 79, 104, 178,

201, 215, 241, 265-67, 276, 279,

283, 383; Einsatzgruppen, 273, 275;

Gebirgsjäger Corps, 111, 179;

Sonderkommandos, 228, 278; III

(Germanic) Panzer Corps, 183,

188; IV Panzer Corps, 59-61, 293,

294; 4th Police Division, 183, 187,

194, 220, 364; Sixth Panzer Army,

57, 58, 81, 177, 294, 368; X Corps,

188, 195-97; 10th Panzer Divison,

183; Eleventh Panzer Army, 176,

182, 186; 21st Gebirgsjäger

Division, 179

Stalin, Josef, 12, 33, 90, 114, 122,

280, 362; and Berlin offensive,

297; Konev and, 22-23; and

Königsberg offensive, 211-12,

285; and Operation

Sonnenwende, 185; revenge

encouraged by, 273, 274;

Sokolovskii and, 121; as war

leader, 15-17, 19, 27, 330; at

Yalta, 29, 116; Zhokov and, 21

Stalin, Yakov, 19, 273

Stalingrad, battle of, 9, 10, 42, 54,

123, 304, 353

Stargard, 182, 194

STAVKA, 15, 16, 127, 170, 175, 324,

330, 338, 349, 362; and air

support, 342; and Belorussian

Operation, 21; and Berlin

offensive, 127; and East

Pomerania Operation, 186;

reserve of (RVKG), 33, 59, 210,

325-26; and Upper Silesian

Operation, 144; and Vistula-Oder

Operation, 29, 87, 88, 101, 107,

113, 114, 121-22

Steiermark (Himmler's train), 178

Steinau bridgehead, 95, 96, 127-28,

133-35, 253, 345

Steiner, SS General Felix, 176, 182

Stettin, 183, 186, 192, 195, 236, 238,

289, 306; Polish annexation of,

300

Stolp, 192-93

Stolpmünde, 289

Stralsund, 289

Strauss, Johann, 255

Strezelno, 341

Striegau, battle of, 140-41, 276,

305

Sturmer, Michael, 303

Stutthof concentration camp, 279

Sudau, Major-General Erich, 214

Sudetenland, 271, 282-83

Sukhov, General, 348

Süsskind-Schwendi, Colonel von,

209

Swabians, 272

Swinemünde, 234-35, 237, 239

Szczecin, see Stettin

Tannenberg, 284, 285

Tenkitten barrier, 219

Tenschert, Major, 89, 95

Tettau, Lieutenant-General Hans,

197, 198, 233, 236, 276, 355, 372

Teutonic Knights, 283, 286

Thomale, Major-General, 39

Thorn bridgehead, 175

Thorwald, J., 63, 80, 93, 101, 102,

160, 166, 169, 173, 178, 182, 209,

INDEX

401

Thorwald (cont.)

214, 223, 244, 260, 263, 283, 286,

296

Tirschtiegel Barrier, 108

Tkachuk, Colonel, 95

Tolstoy, Leo, 272

Torgau, 263

Transylvania, 272

Treblinka death camp, 274

Triandafillov, V. K., 314

Triumph in the West (film), 7

Tukhachevskii, General Mikhail

Nikolaevich, 313, 315

Turkish massacre of Armenians, 6

Tyrol, 298

Ukraine, 10-12

Uman-Botosumi Operation, 10

United Kingdom, see British

United States, see Americans

Unrein, Lieutenant-General, 183

Upper Silesian Industrial Region,

17, 31, 44, 48, 58, 61, 88, 115, 133,

138, 304, 369, 375, 378; fall of, 89-

94, 97, 114, 115; Soviet offensive

in, 88-94, 97, 114, 127, 133, 141-

47, 305, 331, 337, 339-40, 348, 371

Van Creveld, M., 55

Varfolomeev, N. E., 313

Vasilevskii, Marshal A. M., 203,

205, 206, 210, 211, 216, 217, 363

Versailles Treaty, 6, 379

Vienna, Soviet offensive on, 294

Vietinghoff, 177

Vistula-Oder Operation, 67-124,

127, 142, 147, 180, 240, 249, 299,

301, 305, 316, 335, 337, 338, 340-

51, 362, 367, 368, 377;

preparations for, 29-37

Vlasov, General Andrei, 295

Voight, Police Major, 215

Volga Germans, 281

Volksgrenadiers, 52, 156, 201, 207;

6th Division, 138; 542nd Division,

220; 548th Divison, 212; 561st

Divison, 165, 212, 213

Volkssturm, 52-53, 156, 179, 201,

241, 276, 370, 374; in Breslau, 254,

255, 257, 259, 263, 266; in East

Prussia, 173, 383; in Kolberg, 233,

234; in Königsberg, 161, 209, 213;

in Küstrin, 113; in Lauban, 140; in

Posen, 102, 378; at Tirschtiegel

Barrier, 108

Vybornov, Junior-Lieutenant

Vassily, 329

Waffen-SS, 45, 51

Wagner, Kreisleiter, 208

Wagrowiec, 341

Waldau, 157, 160

Wargenthau, 100, 178, 378, 380

Warsaw, 35, 282, 304; liberation of,

102-6; 1920 Russian offensive

against, 123; uprising in, 11-12,

103

Wehrmacht, 41, 45, 51, 52, 72, 90,

102, 104, 128, 201, 209, 233, 248,

277, 278, 289, 299, 309, 370, 383;

Armee Ostpreussen, 217-19;

Army Group A, 7, 13, 50, 59, 63,

72, 78, 81, 91, 93, 103, 114, 128,

142, 153, 169, 176, 293, 356-57,

367; Army Group Centre, 11, 60,

61, 128, 152, 169, 176, 177, 253,

258, 292, 294; Army Group

Heinrici, 59; Army Group

Kurland, 177; Army Group

North, 14, 60, 169, 177, 203, 298;

Army Group North Ukraine, 12;

Army Group Rhine, 45; Amy

Group South, 13, 60; Army

Group Vistula, 45, 59, 175-88,

233, 241, 244, 249, 307; Batterie

Lehmberg, 219; Hermann Goring

Parachute Division, 204; High

Command, see Oberkommando

der Wehrmacht; Training Army,

45, 89, 241; First Hungarian

Army, 13, 59; 1st Infantry

Division, 164, 165, 207; Second

Army, 103, 153, 154, 167, 169,

172, 173, 175, 186-89, 220-22,

241, 286, 306; II Fliegerkorps, 43;

Fourth Army, 153, 154, 161-62,

167, 169-75, 204-6, 208, 305, 306,

362; 5th Fortress Regiment, 234;

Sixth Army, 9, 42, 54, 304; 7th

Infantry Division, 220; Ninth

INDEX

402

Army, 59, 72, 73, 80, 94, 98, 103,

176, 240, 245-46, 357; Sixteenth

Army, 152; Seventeenth Army,

67, 70, 90, 93, 132-34, 138, 143,

152, 267, 294, 297; 17th Infantry

Division, 253; 23rd Infantry

Division, 220; XXVIII Corps, 164,

166; 32nd Infantry Division, 187,

220; 35th Infantry Division, 220;

40th Infantry Division, 132; LXII

Corps, 70, 82-83; 73rd Infantry

Division, 220; 82nd Guards Rifle,

245; 83rd Infantry Division, 220;

104th Panzer-Jagd Brigade, 183;

163rd Infantry Division, 183;

169th Infantry Division, 96; 192nd

Grenadiers Regiment, 213; 208th

Infantry Division, 276; 215th

Infantry Division, 220; 227th

Infantry Division, 220; 252nd

Infantry Division, 220; 269th

Infantry Division, 253; 281st

Infantry Division, 183; 367th

Infantry Division, 161; 389th

Infantry Division, 220

Weichs, Field-Marshal Freiherr

Maximilian von, 177, 185

Weiss, Colonel-General Walter, 176,

187, 221

Wenck, Lieutenant-General

Walther, 181, 182, 184

Westphal, General Siegfried, 60

West Prussia, Soviet offensive in,

220-31

Wilhelm Gustloff (ship), 208, 290

Wizlaw, Prince of Rügen, 271

Wormditt, 204

Xylander, Lieutenant-General

Wolfdietrich von, 50, 61, 63, 367

Yalta conference, 29, 114, 116, 123-

24, 299, 302, 307

Yassy-Kishinev Operation, 12

Yenyukov, Major-General S. M.,

122

Yugoslavia, 12, 277, 299

Yushchuk, I. I., 73, 292, 327, 378

Zav'yalov, A. S., 353, 369

Zhukov, Marshal G. K„ 19-24, 27,

54, 128, 167, 180-81, 245, 304,

316, 334-38, 363, 367; at Altdamm

bridgehead, 237; in Berlin

offensive, 170, 176, 297, 305; in

East Pomerania Operation, 186-

89, 241, 330; engineering assets

decentralized by, 345; in Meseritz

Fortified Region, 179; and

Operation Sonnenwende, 183,

185, 306; in Vistula-Oder

Operation, 29-31, 33, 35-37, 72-

75, 77, 78, 80, 82, 87, 98, 99, 102,

106-8, 111, 113, 116, 118, 120-23,

127, 249

Ziemke, E. F., 180

Zistersdorf oilfields, 48

Zoppot, 223-25, 286

Zorndorf, battle of, 111

Zossen, 240, 246

INDEX

403

MILITARY HISTORY $14.95

The Soviet March on Germany, 1945

by Christopher Duffy

'This splendid military chronicle records the final act in history's

bloodiest theatre of war, the Eastern Front. Mr. Duffy has read widely

in German and Soviet accounts of the events he covers, and he con-

structs a many-sided narrative, stretching from the broadest outlines

of the war to individual incidents." —The New Yorker

"Capably, page by page, this book unravels a part of German history

not widely told." —Military History

On the night of January 11, 1945, fog, low clouds, and blizzards reduced

visibility at times to literally zero along the Sandomierz bridgehead. So

the German troops did not notice tanks, assault guns, and towed artillery

pieces moving to position by the thousands along the east bank—the

Russian side—of the Vistula River. Within seconds after the order to fire

was given by the Soviet commander, General Konev, the air became

incandescent with an unnatural light. A sky of fire and smoke lowered

over the country across the river: Houses flared up like torches, bunkers

collapsed, roads were broken up, and men were ripped apart. The fe-

rocity of the first attack shook the Germans so badly that they thought

they were dealing with the main assault, and not just a reconnaissance

in force. So they were completely unprepared for the principal attack and

the horrors it held. Thus began the Red storm on the Reich—the largest,

costliest, and fastest-moving military operation in European history.

"Essentially, the Second World War was won and lost on the East-

ern Front," writes renowned historian Christopher Duffy. Until this book,

however, the most dramatic events surrounding this part of the war have

been little understood. Utilizing a wealth of recently released Soviet ma-

terials from Moscow archives, and cross-referencing these with German

accounts, Duffy has uncovered a military campaign of unprecedented

scale and intensity during which thirty million lives were lost. Red Storm

on the Reich brings to life not only the Russian military assault on Ger-

many, but also the human drama behind the epic sieges of Danzig,

Kolberg, and Breslau. Duffy's gripping narrative is essential reading for

all those interested in modern European history.

Christopher Duffy is a senior lec-

turer at the Royal Military Academy

in Sandhurst. His books include

Siege Warfare, Russia's Military Way

to the West, The Military Life of

Frederick the Great, and The Military

Experience in the Age of Reason.

Cover design by Carta Bolte