Факторы окружающей среды и здоровье человека. Опыт Дании

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rmfZ\_ljyguolmj[bgy\ey\r__kyqZklvxh[s__\jhi_ckdh]h

bkke_^h\Zgby

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agZgbchjZa^jZ`bl_evghklb\uau\Z_fhcrmfhfk\h_gguoh[t_dlh\Z

lZd`_imevkbjmxsbfbgbadhqZklhlgufrmfhf>Zggu_bkke_^h\Zgby

ihdZ_s_g_aZdhgq_gu

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bamqZebkv

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ijhfure_ggufrmfhfBkihevam_fu_gug_agZq_gbyhkgh\ZgugZ

\uiheg_gguod^Zgghfmfhf_glmbkke_^h\ZgbyoL_fg_f_g__

bf_xsbckyhiulk\b^_l_evkl\m_lhlhfqlhwlbagZq_gby\iheg_

h[t_dlb\gu

H`b^Z_lkyqlh\[m^ms_faZ\bkbfhklb^haZhldebd[m^mlhkgh\ZgugZ

j_amevlZlZoh[s__\jhi_ckdbobkke_^h\Zgbcdhlhju_\hafh`gh[m^ml

^hiheg_gu^Zlkdbfbbkke_^h\Zgbyfb^eyih^l\_j`^_gbyijZ\bevghklb

k^_eZgguo\u\h^h\

H^bgbaih^oh^h\bkihevam_fuo\>Zgbb\\hijhkZodhgljheyb

kgb`_gbyrmfZaZdexqZ_lky\h\dexq_gbbj_r_gbcihijh[e_f_rmfZ\

[hevrbgkl\h^hdmf_glh\dZkZxsbokyieZgbjh\ZgbygZijbf_j\

^Zlkdbc:dlhieZgbjh\Zgbb

<lh`_\j_fy\hijhkurmfZgZijbf_jhlZ\lhfh[bevguob`_e_aguo

^hjh]y\eyxlkyg_hlt_fe_fhcqZklvx^Zlkdbokljhbl_evguoghjfBo

p_evaZdexqZ_lky\kgb`_gbbrmfh\h]h\ha^_ckl\by\gmljba^Zgbc\

k\yabkhkljhbl_evkl\hfgh\uoa^Zgbc\rmfguof_klZo

Hkgh\gufijbgpbihf^Zlkdhckbkl_fukgb`_gbyrmfZy\ey_lkyijbgpbi

aZ]jyagbl_evieZlblWlhhagZqZ_lqlh\k_gh\u_ij_^ijbylby

hij_^_e_gguodZl_]hjbc^he`guihemqblvwdheh]bq_kdh_jZaj_r_gb_gZ

wdkiemZlZpbxij_`^_q_fhgbkfh]mlgZqZlvk\hxjZ[hlmQlhdZkZ_lky

h[t_dlh\h[s_kl\_gghcbgnjZkljmdlmjulhijbbokha^Zgbb\hijhku

rmfZ^he`gujZkkfZljb\Zlvky\jZfdZoijh\_^_gbyhp_gdb\ha^_ckl\by

wlboh[t_dlh\gZhdjm`Zxsmxkj_^mIjbkha^Zgbbgh\uoij_^ijbylbcb

h[t_dlh\khpbZevghcbgnjZkljmdlmju\k_jZkoh^uk\yaZggu_k

ieZgbjh\Zgb_fbkha^Zgb_fg_h[oh^bfuowe_f_glh\rmfhih^Z\e_gby

g_k_laZdZaqbdqlhkhhl\_lkl\m_l\ur_mihfygmlhfmijbgpbimQlh

dZkZ_lkyf_jihmf_gvr_gbxrmfZhlZ\lhfh[bevguob`_e_aguo^hjh]\

kms_kl\mxsbogZk_e_gguoimgdlZolha^_kvjmdh\h^ysb_mdZaZgby

hlkmlkl\mxl<j_amevlZl_[hevrbgkl\hex^_ckljZ^Zxsbohl

ljZgkihjlgh]hrmfZgZoh^blky\`beuojZchgZodjmiguo]hjh^h\

<]Dhfbkkby\g_keZij_^eh`_gb_hijbgylbb>bj_dlb\uh[hp_gd_

bdhgljhe_rmfZ>&20ILQDO@Hkgh\gZyp_evgh\hc

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ij_^eZ]Z_fhciheblbdb?Kih\hijhkZf[hjv[ukrmfhfaZdexqZ_lky\

lhfqlh[uh[_ki_qblv[Zam^eykha^Zgbykh]eZkh\Zgghc_^bghciheblbdb

?KihrmfmB^_ykhklhbl\lhfqlh[uihevamykvh[sbfb

kh]eZkh\Zggufbf_lh^ZfbbihdZaZl_eyfbkha^ZlvdZjluaZrmfe_gghklb

\k_c?\jhiuIeZgbjm_lkyhagZdhfblvkwlbfbdZjlZfbh[s_kl\_gghklvb

ih^]hlh\blvkhhl\_lkl\mxsmx[Zam^eyjZajZ[hldbieZgh\^_ckl\bcb

kljZl_]bc[hjv[ukrmfh\ufaZ]jyag_gb_fgZf_klghfgZpbhgZevghfb

h[s__\jhi_ckdhfmjh\gyo

13.3.2

AZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hih\hijhkZfkgb`_gbyrmfZ

Iheh`_gbyaZdhgh^Zl_evkl\Z?KihrmfmdZkZxlkyrmfZhljy^Z

bklhqgbdh\\dexqZyljZgkihjlgu_kj_^kl\ZjZ[hlZxs__\g_ihf_s_gbc

h[hjm^h\Zgb_bl^Wlbiheh`_gby\dexq_gub\^Zlkdh_

aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\h

<gZklhys__\j_fy^Zlkdbcih^oh^dijh[e_f_rmfZaZdexqZ_lky\lhf

qlh[u\gbfZgb_[uehkhkj_^hlhq_ghg_lhevdhgZbklhqgbd_rmfZghb

gZ\hijhkZogZ^e_`Zs_]hieZgbjh\Zgbybkihevah\Zgbya_f_evqlh[u

h[_ki_qb\Zehkv^hklZlhqgh_jZkklhygb_f_`^mbklhqgbdZfbrmfZb

h[t_dlZfbqm\kl\bl_evgufbdrmfm

<p_ehfjy^_\uims_gguo\>ZgbbmdZaZgbckh^_j`ZlkyagZq_gby

p_e_\uoihdZaZl_e_cihrmfmba[hevrbgkl\Zbklhqgbdh\Bo

hjb_glbjh\hqgu_agZq_gby\\_^_gu^eylh]hqlh[uih^Z\eyxsZyqZklv

gZk_e_gbyg_bkiulu\ZeZgbdZdh]hg_m^h[kl\ZbaaZrmfZ_kebwlhlrmf

g_ij_\urZ_lij_^ibkZgguoagZq_gbcGb`_ijb\_^_gi_j_q_gv

^hdmf_glh\\dhlhjuoij_^klZ\e_gugZbemqrb_babf_xsbokykj_^kl\

j_r_gbywlhcijh[e_fu

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L_dklh\uc[ehd13.1 >Zlkdh_aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hih\hijhkZfrmfZ\dexqZ_l\k_[y

ke_^mxsb_aZdhgubmdZaZgby

:dlh[hojZg_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u\ihke_^gbcj_^ZdpbbijbgylhcGhjfZlb\gufZdlhfhl

k_gly[jyWlhl:dldZkZ_lky\k_o\hijhkh\hojZguhdjm`Zxs_ckj_^u

:dlhieZgbjh\Zgbbhlbxgy]>Zgguc:dlj_]mebjm_l\k_\hijhkujZa\blby

]hjh^h\bbobgnjZkljmdlmju

MdZaZgbyihrmfmhlZ\lh^hjh`gh]h^\b`_gbykh^_j`Zsb_hjb_glbjh\hqgu_agZq_gby

^bnn_j_gpbjh\Zggu_ihh[t_dlZf\ha^_ckl\by`beu_jZchguhnbkurdheuahguhl^uoZbl^

MdZaZgbyihrmfmhl`_e_agh^hjh`gh]hljZgkihjlZkh^_j`Zsb_hjb_glbjh\hqgu_

agZq_gby\_^bgbpZo/$HT\qZkh\hfbkqbke_gbbZlZd`_mjh\gb/:PD[^eyjZaebqguolbih\

a_fe_ihevah\Zgby

MdZaZgbyihrmfm\hdjm]Zwjhihjlh\mklZgZ\eb\Zxsb_hjb_glbjh\hqgu_agZq_gby^ey

^g_\gh]h\_q_jg_]hbghqgh]h\j_f_gb

F_klgucZdlhjZa\blbbZwjhihjlZDZkljmi]Dhi_g]Z]_gZAZdhghlbxgy]

i_j_kfhlj_gZdlhfhlZij_ey]

GhjfZlb\gucZdlhlhdly[jy]hrmf_hl\ukhdhkdhjhklguoiZjhfh\dZkZxs__ky

dZdagZq_gbcbkihevam_fuokh\f_klghkdhwnnbpb_glhf:lZdbagZq_gbcgbadhqZklhlgh]h

rmfZ

MdZaZgbybhrmf_fZrbgbh[hjm^h\Zgbyijhfure_gguobg_ijhfure_gguo

ij_^ijbylbc

KijZ\dZihgbadhqZklhlghfmrmfmb\b[jZpbyf

Rmfijhba\h^bfucZ\lhj_fhglgufbfZkl_jkdbfbGhjfZlb\gucZdlhl^_dZ[jy]

Rmfijhba\h^bfuc\_ljygufblmj[bgZfbGhjfZlb\gucZdlhlfZy]

I_j_q_gvij_^ijbylbch[t_dlh\dhlhju_^he`guihemqZlvwdheh]bq_kdh_jZaj_r_gb_

GhjfZlb\gucZdlhlhdly[jy]bihijZ\dZhln_\jZey]

MdZaZgbyihrmfm\hdjm]Z\lh]hghqguoljZkk

MdZaZgbyihrmfm\hdjm]klj_ev[bs

GhjfZlb\gucZdlFbgbkl_jkl\ZihhojZg_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^uhl^_dZ[jy]

"Bekendtgørelse om støjregulering af forsvarets øvelsespladser og skyde- og øvelsesterræner"F_juih

[hjv[_krmfhf\hdjm]\h_gguoklj_ev[bsbmq_[guoiheb]hgh\gZijZ\e_ggu_gZ

ij_^hl\jZs_gb_bkgb`_gb_rmfZb\b[jZpbb\hagbdZxsbo\oh^_mq_gbcgZ\h_gguo

iheb]hgZo

J_]eZf_glbjh\Zgb_bklhqgbdh\

>Zlkdh_Z]_glkl\hih^hjh`ghc[_ahiZkghklbbljZgkihjlmhl\_qZ_laZ

jZajZ[hldmbijbf_g_gb_aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\ZihZ\lh^hjh`ghfm^\b`_gbx

<qbkeh_]haZ^Zq\oh^ylke_^mxsb_

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IeZgbjh\Zgb_ih^]hlh\dbbwdaZf_gZpbhgguobkiulZgbc\h^bl_e_c

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<hijhkudZkZxsb_ky\h^bl_evkdboijZ\[_ahiZkghklb^\b`_gbyb

g_dhlhju_aZ^Zqb\h[eZklbjZa\blbyijbf_gbl_evghdihevah\Zl_eyf

^hjh]

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<hijhkudZkZxsb_kydhgkljmdpbbljZgkihjlguokj_^kl\

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Ml\_j`^_gb_lbih\ljZgkihjlguokj_^kl\

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IjZ\beZijh\_^_gbyl_ogbq_kdh]hhkfhljZbj_]bkljZpbb

ljZgkihjlguokj_^kl\



GhjfZlb\gucZdlhlfZy]iha\hey_lf_klguf

ijbjh^hhojZggufhj]ZgZfijbgbfZlvj_r_gbyihih\h^mfZdkbfZevgh]h

\j_f_gbjZ[hluljZgkihjlguokj_^kl\gZohehklhfoh^mrmfZ

kha^Z\Z_fh]h[ulh\hcl_ogbdhcbrmfZhljZ[hlu\_glbeypbhgguo

kbkl_f

<gZklhys__\j_fyj_Zebam_lkygh\Zy>bj_dlb\Z?Kh[bklhqgbdZormfZ

gZoh^ysboky\g_ihf_s_gbc

13.4

Bgkljmf_glu

13.4.1

GhjfZlb\gu_bgkljmf_glu

=eZ\gZyp_ev^hdmf_glh\dZkZxsbokykgb`_gbyrmfZkhklhbl\lhf

qlh[ukihkh[kl\h\Zlvmemqr_gbxa^hjh\vybkhpbZevgh]h[eZ]hihemqby

ex^_cbij_^hl\jZlblvbebfZdkbfZevghmf_gvrblvgZjmr_gbykgZb

^jm]b_g_m^h[kl\Zijbqbgy_fu_rmfhf

J_]mebjh\Zgb_\hijhkh\rmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gbyhkms_kl\ey_lkygZhkgh\_

Zdlh\ihklZgh\e_gbcbmdZaZgbcdZkZxsbokywdheh]bq_kdbojZaj_r_gbc

baZij_lh\

<u^ZqZwdheh]bq_kdbojZaj_r_gbc^eyZwjhihjlh\ijhfure_gguo

ij_^ijbylbcklj_ev[bsbZ\lh^jhfh\hkms_kl\ey_lky

fmgbpbiZebl_lZfbbebhdjm]Zfb<hkh[uokemqZyo\u^Zq_c

wdheh]bq_kdbojZaj_r_gbcaZgbfZ_lky>:HHKIjbih^]hlh\d_

[hevrbgkl\Zwdheh]bq_kdbojZaj_r_gbcijhba\h^blky

dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_rmfh\^eyijh\_jdbkh[ex^_gbyiheh`_gbc

dZkZxsbokyrmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gby

13.4.2

Bgkljmf_gluieZgbjh\Zgby

<^Zlkdhf:dl_hieZgbjh\Zgbb\hijhkurmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gby

jZkkfZljb\Zxlky\dZq_kl\_khklZ\ghcqZklbgh\uobebfh^bnbpbjm_fuo

f_lh^h\ieZgbjh\Zgbya_fe_ihevah\ZgbybbgnjZkljmdlmjuP_ev:dlZ\

wlhfkfuke_aZdexqZ_lky\lhfqlh[uij_^hl\jZlblv\hagbdgh\_gb_

gh\uoijh[e_fkrmfhf

GZpbhgZevgh_dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_rmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gbyijh\h^behkv

>Zlkdhc^hjh`ghcZ\lhbgki_dpb_c\^hevhkgh\guoZ\lh^hjh]b>Zlkdbf

gZpbhgZevguf`_e_agh^hjh`gufZ]_glkl\hf±gZhkgh\guo`_e_aguo

^hjh]ZokljZgukfjbkmghd

G_dhlhju_hkgh\gu_fmgbpbiZebl_lu]hjh^Zbhdjm]Zijh\_eb

dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_rmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gbyhlZ\lh^hjh`gh]h^\b`_gby\

jZfdZoj_ZebaZpbbieZgh\^_ckl\bcihhojZg_hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^udm^Z

\qZklghklb\oh^bebke_^mxsb_f_jhijbylby

•

Ih^]hlh\dZdZjldhlhju_hljZ`Zeb[ukl_i_gvbf_klZhkgh\gh]h

rmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gby

•

IeZgbjh\Zgb_^_ckl\bckhklZ\e_gb_]jZnbdh\bhij_^_e_gb_

ijbhjbl_lh\

•

<u[hjf_jih[hjv[_krmfhf\dexqZyboZgZebaihdjbl_jbx

aZljZluwnn_dlb\ghklv



AZkhklZ\e_gb_fdZjlihke_^h\ZehieZgbjh\Zgb_^_ckl\bcdhlhju_

ij_^mkfZljb\Zebdhgljhevgug_rg_]hmjh\gyrmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gbyb

ij_^hl\jZs_gb_ihy\e_gbygh\uoaZrmfe_gguoh[t_dlh\lZdbodZd

Z\lhfh[bevgu_`_e_agu_^hjh]bZwjhihjlubijhfure_ggu_

ij_^ijbylbyZlZd`_jZkiheh`_gb_`beuojZchgh\kebrdhf[ebadhhl

bklhqgbdh\rmfZ

IjbjZajZ[hld_gh\uoh[t_dlh\bgnjZkljmdlmjurmf[m^_l

jZkkfZljb\ZlvkydZdh[t_dlhp_gdb\ha^_ckl\bygZhdjm`Zxsmxkj_^mgZ

mjh\g_hdjm]Zbebp_gljZevgh]hijZ\bl_evkl\Z

Jbkmghd GZpbhgZevgh_dZjlh]jZnbq_kdh_bkke_^h\Zgb_rmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gby

ihdZau\Zxs__mjh\_gvrmfh\h]h\ha^_ckl\by\khhlghr_gbbkh[sbfdhebq_kl\hf`beuo

^hfh\ih^\_j]Z_fuolZdhfm\ha^_ckl\bx\^hev`_e_aguo^hjh]>Zgbb

@_e_agZy

h]Z

IhdZaZl_ev\ha^_ckl\byrmfZ

bkeh`beuokhh

`_gbc



13.4.3

Wdhghfbq_kdb_bgkljmf_glu

=eZ\gufijbgpbihfihij_`g_fmhklZ_lkyijbgpbiaZ]jyagbl_ev

ieZlblWlhhagZqZ_lqlhf_jhijbylbyihkgb`_gbxrmfZ

\hagbdZxs_]h\h\j_fyjZ[hluijhfure_gguoij_^ijbylbcbeb\h

\j_fyijh\_^_gbyjZa\e_dZl_evguoijh]jZff^he`guhkms_kl\eylvkyb

hieZqb\Zlvkyl_fbdlhg_k_lhl\_lkl\_gghklvaZbklhqgbdbrmfZ

QlhdZkZ_lkyrmfZkha^Z\Z_fh]h\ha^mrguf^\b`_gb_flhaZihemq_gb_

wdheh]bq_kdh]hjZaj_r_gbygZwdkiemZlZpbxlh]hbebbgh]hZwjhihjlZb

ijbgylb_g_h[oh^bfuof_jh[_ki_qb\Zxsbokh[ex^_gb_kms_kl\mxsbo

ghjfg_k_lhl\_lkl\_gghklvjmdh\h^kl\hZwjhihjlZDjhf_lh]h

jmdh\h^kl\hZwjhihjlZbf__lijZ\hgZdeZ^u\ZlvrljZngZlhbebbgh_

\ha^mrgh_km^ghaZij_\ur_gb_bfkhhl\_lkl\mxsboghjfihrmfm

NbgZgkbjh\Zgb_f_jhijbylbcihkgb`_gbxrmfZkha^Z\Z_fh]h

[hevrbgkl\hf^jm]bo\b^h\ljZgkihjlZhkms_kl\ey_lkyaZkq_l

gZpbhgZevguobj_]bhgZevguogZeh]h\uoihklmie_gbcGZf_klghf

mjh\g_^hgZklhys_]h\j_f_gbgZ[hjv[mkrmfh\ufaZ]jyag_gb_f

\u^_eyebkvebrvg_agZqbl_evgu_kmffu

:]_glkl\hih^hjh`ghc[_ahiZkghklbbljZgkihjlmg_k_lhl\_lkl\_gghklv

aZjZajZ[hldmp_e_cdZkZxsbokywdheh]bq_kdb[_a\j_^guol_ogheh]bc

^eyljZgkihjlguokj_^kl\bh[s_kl\_ggh]hljZgkihjlZK]

:]_glkl\hjZkihjy`Z_lkyqZklvxkj_^kl\Z\lh^hjh`gh]hnhg^Z

Fbgbkl_jkl\ZljZgkihjlZ\u^_ey_fuogZjZajZ[hldmbbkiulZgb_

wdheh]bq_kdb[_a\j_^guol_ogheh]bc

13.5

MqZklgbdbijhp_kkZ

Hl\_lkl\_gghklvaZih^^_j`Zgb_\ukhdboklZg^Zjlh\[hjv[ukrmfhf\

>Zgbbg_k_ljy^hj]ZgbaZpbcbebp

LZ[ebpZ13.1 Nmgdpbbbh[yaZgghklb\h[eZklbj_]mebjh\Zgbyijh[e_frmfh\h]h

aZ]jyag_gby

MqZklgbdbijhp_kkZ

j_]mebjh\Zgby

Nmgdpbbbh[yaZgghklb\h[eZklbj_]mebjh\Zgby

ijh[e_frmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gby

>Zlkdh_Z]_glkl\hih

hojZg_hdjm`Zxs_c

kj_^u>:HHK

>:HHKhl\_qZ_laZdhgljhevkh[ex^_gbylj_[h\Zgbc

aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\ZihrmfmgZijZ\ey_ljZ[hlm

j_]bhgZevguobf_klguo\eZkl_cbhkms_kl\ey_l

ih^^_j`dmgZmqghbkke_^h\Zl_evkdbojZ[hl\^Zgghc

h[eZklb>:HHKhl\_qZ_laZg_ij_ju\ghklvjZajZ[hldbb

h[gh\e_gbygZpbhgZevguojmdh\h^ysbo^hdmf_glh\

Djhf_lh]h>:HHK\uklmiZ_l\dZq_kl\_Zi_eeypbhggh]h

hj]ZgZih\hijhkZf\u^Zqbwdheh]bq_kdbojZaj_r_gbc

:]_glkl\Z >ZlkdZy^hjh`gZyZ\lhbgki_dpby>Zlkdh_gZpbhgZevgh_

`_e_agh^hjh`gh_Z]_glkl\h:^fbgbkljZpby]jZ`^Zgkdhc

Z\bZpbbWlbhj]Zguhl\_qZxlaZij_^hklZ\e_gb_^Zgguoh

khhl\_lkl\mxsbo\b^Zo^\b`_gbyGZpbhgZevgh_

dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_rmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gbyijh\h^blky

>Zlkdhc^hjh`ghcZ\lhbgki_dpb_c\^hevhkgh\guo

Z\lh^hjh]b>ZlkdbfgZpbhgZevguf`_e_agh^hjh`guf

Z]_glkl\hf±gZhkgh\guo`_e_aguo^hjh]ZokljZgu



MqZklgbdbijhp_kkZ

j_]mebjh\Zgby

Nmgdpbbbh[yaZgghklb\h[eZklbj_]mebjh\Zgby

ijh[e_frmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gby

Hdjm]Zb

fmgbpbiZebl_lu

<u^Zxlwdheh]bq_kdb_jZaj_r_gbyZwjhihjlZf

ijhfure_ggufij_^ijbylbyfklj_ev[bsZfb

Z\lh^jhfZfHdjm]ZbfmgbpbiZebl_luhl\_qZxlaZ

khklZ\e_gb_j_]bhgZevguobf_klguoieZgh\^_ckl\bc

FmgbpbiZebl_lu

<jZfdZoih^]hlh\dbieZgh\^_ckl\bcihhojZg_

hdjm`Zxs_ckj_^udjmigu_fmgbpbiZebl_lub]hjh^Z

]hlh\yldZjlurmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gbykha^Z\Z_fh]h

^hjh`gufljZgkihjlhf

G_]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_

mqZklgbdb

Dg_]hkm^Zjkl\_ggufmqZklgbdZfhlghkylky

ijhfure_ggu_blhj]h\u_dhfiZgbbjmdh\h^kl\h

Zwjhihjlh\kihjlb\gu_dem[uba]hlh\bl_eb

h[hjm^h\Zgbyihlj_[bl_ebbrbjhdZyh[s_kl\_gghklv

<k_g_]hkm^Zjkl\_ggu_mqZklgbdb^he`gu\uihegylv

lj_[h\ZgbygZpbhgZevguoij_^ibkZgbc^Z`__kebbfg_

h[yaZl_evghbf_lvwdheh]bq_kdb_jZaj_r_gby

13.6

Hp_gdZ

Gug_rgb_jmdh\h^ysb_mdZaZgbybagZq_gbydjbl_jb_\^eyhp_gdbrmfZ

ij_^klZ\eyxlkh[hcdhfijhfbkkf_`^m\ukhdbfmjh\g_f`bagbb

khpbZevghwdhghfbq_kdbfblj_[h\Zgbyfbl_ogbq_kdbfb

wdhghfbq_kdbfbbh[s_kl\_ggufbZki_dlZfbqlhy\ey_lkyijbagZgb_f

lh]hnZdlZqlhf_gvrZyqZklvh[s_kl\ZdZdijZ\behkZfuo

qm\kl\bl_evguodrmfmex^_cih\b^bfhfm\k__s_hq_gvkljZ^Z_lhl

rmfZ

Ihke_^g__gZpbhgZevgh_dZjlh]jZnbjh\Zgb_rmfh\h]haZ]jyag_gby\

>Zgbb\]\uy\behke_^mxs__dhebq_kl\h^hfh\ih^\_j]Z_fuo

rmfmk\_johjb_glbjh\hqguoagZq_gbc

•

ijbf_jgh`beuo^hfh\ih^\_j]Zxlky\ha^_ckl\bxrmfZhl

Z\lh^hjh]kbehc[he__^;$\i_j_kq_l_gZqZkh\hcwd\b\Ze_gl

bagbo^hfh\±\ha^_ckl\bxrmfZkbehc[he__^;:

•

ijbf_jgh`beuo^hfh\ih^\_j]Zxlky\ha^_ckl\bxrmfZhl

`_e_aguo^hjh]kbehc[he__^;\i_j_kq_l_gZqZkh\hc

wd\b\Ze_glbadhlhjuo^hfh\±\ha^_ckl\bxrmfZkbehc[he__

^;:

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ijbf_jgh`beuo^hfh\ih^\_j]Zxlkyrmfmkbehc[he__

^;$\i_j_kq_l_gZqZkh\hcwd\b\Ze_gl\hdjm]Zwjhihjlh\ba

dhlhjuo^hfh\±\ha^_ckl\bxrmfZkbehc[he__^;

Djhf_lh]hihhp_gdZf>:HHKhkgh\ZggufgZg_[hevrhfdhebq_kl\_

dZjlh]jZnbq_kdbo^Zgguokh[jZgguo\hdjm]hkgh\guodjmiguo

ijhfure_gguoij_^ijbylbcijbf_jgh`beuo^hfh\

ih^\_j]Zxlky\ha^_ckl\bxijhfure_ggh]hrmfZij_\urZxs_]h

mklZgh\e_ggu_jmdh\h^ysbfb^hdmf_glZfbghjfuIjbf_jghlh`_

dhebq_kl\h`beuo^hfh\kljZ^Z_lhlqj_af_jgh]hrmfZkha^Z\Z_fh]h

ijhqbfbij_^ijbylbyfb[ZjZfbj_klhjZgZfbfZ]ZabgZfbbl^



GZdhg_php_gdb>:HHKk\b^_l_evkl\mxlhlhfqlhg_dhlhjh_

dhebq_kl\h`beuo^hfh\ih^\_j]Z_lkyqj_af_jghfmrmfm

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13.7

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