Hardt Michael, Negri Antonio. Commonwealth

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424

NOTES

PAGES 347-354

NOTES

PAGES 356-369

425

34. Elizabeth

Povinelli,

The Cunning of Recognition:

Indigenous

Alterities and the

Making

of Australian Multiculturalism (Durham: Duke University Press,

2002).

35.

See Antonio

Negri,

"Lo

stato

dei partiti," in La forma

stato

(Milan:

Fel-

trinelli,

1977), pp. 111-149.

36.

See our presentation of contemporary positions regarding the crisis of de-

mocracy in the global context in

Michael

Hardt and Antonio

Negri,

Mul-

titude

(NewYork:

Penguin, 2004), pp. 231-37.

37.

Gunther Teubner, "Societal Constitutionalism: Alternatives to

State-

Centered Constitutional Theory?" in Transnational Governance and Consti-

tutionalism, ed. Christian Joerges,

Inger-Johanne

Sand, and GuntherTeub-

ner (Oxford: Hart, 2004), pp. 3-28.

38.

See

Alain

Supiot, Au-dela de

I'emploi

(Paris: Flammarion, 1999).

39.

Robin

Kelley

analyzes from a historical perspective a series of revolution-

ary alliances

that

border on insurrectional intersections in Freedom Dreams.

40.

Jacques

Ranciere, Disagreement,

trans.

Julie Rose (Minneapolis: University

Minnesota Press, 1999), p. 14.

41.

Jean-Paul Sartre, Critique of

Dialectical

Reason, vol. 1,

trans.

Alan

Sheridan-

Smith

(London:Verso, 2004).

42.

For

Lenin,

see primarily

What

Is to Be

Done?

(New

York:

International

Publishers,

1969). On

Lenin,

see also Antonio

Negri,

Lafabbrica della

strate-

gia: 33 lezioni su Lenin, 2nd ed. (Rome:

Manifestolibri,

2004); and Slavoj

Zizek,

ed., Revolution at the

Gates:

Ziiek on Lenin, the 1917 Writings

(Lon-

don:

Verso,

2004). For Trotsky, see The History of the Russian Revolution,

trans.

Max Eastman (New

York:

Simon & Schuster, 1932), esp. chap. 43,

"The Art of Insurrection."

43.

This periodization of vanguard

political

figures clarifies our difference

from

the propositions of Slavoj

Zizek

and Ernesto

Laclau.

Zizek's return

Lenin

is not so much a reversion to Lenin's method (designing

political

composition

on the basis

the current technical composition of the pro-

letariat) but, on the contrary, a repetition of the vanguard

political

forma-

tion

without reference to the composition of

labor.

Laclau

instead remains

faithful

to the conception of hegemony typical of the next

phase,

specifi-

cally

the one promoted by the Italian Communist Party in its populist

rather

than its workerist face.

44.

Lenin,

State

and Revolution

(NewYork:

International Publishers, 1971),

43.

45.

On the development of communist movements in the 1970s, see

Negri,

Books

for Burning.

46.

Jean-Luc Nancy, "The Decision of Existence," in The Birth to Presence,

trans.

Brian

Holmes et al. (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1993),

pp. 82-109.

47.

See

Michael

Hardt, "Thomas Jefferson, or, The Transition of Democracy,"

Thomas Jefferson, The Declaration of

Independence

(London:

Verso,

2007),

pp.

vii—xxv.

48.

See

Filippo

Del Lucchese,

Tumulti

e indignatio: Conflitto, diritto e moltitudine

in Machiavelli e Spinoza

(Milan:

Ghibli,

2004).

49.

Jean Genet, Prisoner of Love,

trans.

Barbara Bray (Hanover,

N.H.:

Univer-

sity

Press of New England, 1992).

50.

these

myths of network politics, see Carlo Formenti, Cybersoviet

(Mi-

lan:

Raffaele Cortina, 2008), pp. 201-264.

51.

On the

political

possibilities of network structures, see

Tiziana

Terranova,

Network Culture (London: Pluto, 2004); Geert

Lovink,

Uncanny

Networks

(Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2003);

Olivier

Blondeau, Devenir

media

(Paris:

Amsterdam, 2007); and Alexander Galloway and Eugene Thacker,

The Exploit

(Minneapolis:

University of Minnesota Press, 2007).

52.

Immanuel Kant, The Conflict of

Faculties,

trans.

Mary

Gregor

(Lincoln:

University

Nebraska Press, 1992), p. 153 (emphasis added).

53.

Ibid., p. 153.

54. Condorcet, "Sur le

sens

du mot revolutionnaire," in CEuvres de Condorcet,

ed.

Condorcet and

Arago,

12 vols. (Paris:

Firmin

Didot, 1847), 12:615.

See also Hannah Arendt, On Revolution (London: Penguin, 1963).

55.

W. E.

Bois,

Black Reconstruction

(NewYork:

Russell &

Russell,

1935),

206.

56.

See primarily

Lenin,

State

and Revolution.

57.

For one version of the

argument

for the "autonomy of the

political,"

see

Mario

Tronti,

Sull'autonomia

del

politico

(Milan:

Feltrinelli,

1977).

58.

See Antonio Gramsci,

Selections

from

the Prison

Notebooks,

trans.

Quintin

Hoare and Geoffrey

Nowell

Smith

(NewYork:

International Books, 1971),

pp. 105-120 (on passive revolution) and pp. 279—318 (on Americanism

and Fordism).

59.

On the distinction between war of movement and war of position, see

ibid.,

pp. 229-235.

60.

Ibid., p. 286.

61.

We have addressed the question of revolutionary violence at various mo-

ments

in our

past

work, but our analysis in this book allows us to offer

some new insights. See

Negri,

Books

for Burning; and Hardt and

Negri,

Multitude, pp. 341-347.

62.

Jefferson to

William

Short, 3 January 1793, in Thomas Jefferson, Writings,

ed.

Merrill

Peterson

(New

York:

Library

America,

1984), p. 1004.

426

NOTES

PAGES 369-383

63.

Saint-Just, "Fragments sur les institutions republicaines," in

CEuvres

choisies,

ed.

Dionys

Mascolo

(Paris:

Gallimard,

1968), p. 310.

64.

See

Olivier

Beaud, Theorie de la federation (Paris:

PUF,

2007).

65.

See, for example, GuntherTeubner and Andreas Fischer-Lescano/'Regime

Collisions:TheVain

Search for

Legal

Unity

in the Fragmentation of

Global

Law,"

Michigan

Journal of International Law 25, no. 4 (2004), 999-1046.

66.

See

Alois

Riegl,

Late

Roman

Art

Industry

(Rome:

Giorgio

Brentschneider,

1985). Regarding the controversies surrounding the concept of Kunstwol-

len, see Jas' Eisner,

"From

Empirical

Evident to the Big Picture: Some

Reflections

on Riegl's Concept of Kunstwollen,"

Critical

Inquiry, no. 32

(Summer 2006), 741-766. For an illuminating analysis

Walter

Benja-

min's transformation of Riegl's concept along lines

similar

to what we

suggest

here, see Katherine Arens, "Stadtwollen: Benjamin's Arcades Project

and the Problem of

Method,"

PMLA

122, no. 1 (January 2007), 43-60.

67.

SeeVivasvan

Soni,

"Affecting

Happiness: The Emergence of the Modern

Political

Subject in the Eighteenth Century"

(Ph.D.

diss., Duke University,

2000).

68.

Jefferson to Edward Everett, 27

March

1824, in Thomas Jefferson, Writings,

vol.

16, ed. Andrew Lipscomb (Washington,

DC:

Thomas Jefferson Me-

morial

Association,

1904), p. 22.

69.

On Dante and love, see

Giorgio

Agamben,

Stanzas,

trans.

Ronald

Marti-

nez

(Minneapolis:

University of

Minnesota

Press, 1993); and

Giorgio

Pas-

serone, Dante:

Cartographie

de la vie (Paris:

Kime,

2001).

70.

Michel

Foucault, preface to Deleuze and Guattari, Anti-Oedipus, pp. xi-

xiv.

71.

See Spinoza's definition of "indignation" in Ethics, pt. 3,

Definition

20,

314.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

would

impossible

thank

all

those

who

contrib-

uted

to the

writing

this

book.

would

simply

acknowl-

edge

here

those

with

whom

discussed

elements

of the

manu-

script

and

those

who

helped

with

translations:

Alain

Bertho,

Arianna

Bove,

Beppe

Caccia,

Cesare

Casarino,

Giuseppe

Cocco,

Antonio

Conti,

Patrick

Dieuaide,

Andrea

Fumagalli,

Stefano

Har-

ney,

Fredric

Jameson,

Naomi

Klein,

Wahneema

Lubiano,

Matteo

Mandarini,

Christian

Marazzi,

Sandra

Mezzadra,

Timothy

Murphy,

Pascal

Nicolas-Le

Strat,

Charles

Piot,

Judith

Revel, Alvaro

Reyes,

America

Vera-Zavala,

Carlo

Vercellone,

Lindsay

Waters,

Kathi

Weeks,

Robyn

Wiegman,

andTomikoYoda.We

are

grateful

these

friends

for all

they

have

taught

us.

The

quotation

from

Michael

Franti

in the

preface

from

"Bomb

the World,"

2003

Boo Boo Wax, all

rights

re-

served,

and

used

permission.

•

INDEX

429

NDEX

abstraction, 157-159

Abu

Ghraib prison, 4, 213

Adams,

John,

Adorno.Theodor,

and Max Horkheimer,

23-24,95-97,99

affective

labor, 132-134,140,144-146

Afghanistan,

206,209,210,212,269

Africa,

231,254

Agamben,

Giorgio,

57-58

altepetl,

68-69

alterglobalization

movements, 102,127,

368

altermodernity, 102-115; defined, 115-

118,344

Althusser,

Louis,

American

Revolution,

9-11

antimodernity, 67-82,85-89,94-100;

limits

of, 101-108,117-118.

See

also

resistance

antiracist theory and

politics,

26, 37-38,

256,259,327-328,331,336-338.

See

also

Haitian

Revolution;

indigenous

populations and

politics;

intersection-

ality;

race;

resistance:

colonial

domi-

nation;

resistance:

to slavery

Arendt,

Hannah, 174-175,184,354,

362

Argentina,

259

Arnghi,

Giovanni,

158,216-217,219-

221

Asiatic

Mode of

Production,

84, 232

Augustine

Hippo,

318

Badiou.Alain,

60-61,168-169

Balibar,

Etienne, 89,93, 167-168

banlieu,

245-247; November 2005 re-

volts,

237,259

bare

life,

53,77,108,308,368,380

Baudelaire,

Charles,

252

Beard,

Charles, 10

Beauvoir,

Simone de, 26,62

Beck,

Ulrich,

18-19

Benedict

XVI,

Pope, 46,79

Benkler.Yochai,

281-282

Bergson,

Henri,

27-28

Benjamin,

Walter,

biopolitical

diagram, 364-365

biopolitical

production, 132-137, 139—

141,172-173,180; as analogy for po-

litical

organization,

173—175;

crises of,

142-149; reforms

necessary

for, 307-

311

biopolitics,

31,38,56-61,117,240,317.

See

also

reason:

biopolitical

biopower,

31,

56-57,77-82,117,240

Black

Power movement, 37-38,256

Blair,

Tony,

272

Bloch,

Ernst, 242,318

Boggs,

Grace and

James,

256

Bolis,

Luciano,

Bolivia,

108-112,259

Bonfil

Batalla,

Guillermo,

104-105

Boyer,

Robert, 132

Boyle,

Robert, 42

Braudel,

Ferdinand, 84

Bremer,

Paul,

215

Brown,

Wendy,

329,334

Buder,

Judith,

170,337

Caliban,

97-98, 119

capital,

7,291-295,296-301,306-311; as

an open

social

relation, 150-153; or-

ganic composition, 137-142; technical

composition,

131-137.

See

also

crisis;

finance;

labor;

rent;

social

capital

Carmicheal,

Stokely,

Castoriadis,

Cornelius,

Catholic

Church,

78-79,80-81.

See

also

Benedict

XVI,

Pope

Certeau,

Michel

de, 319

Cesaire,

Aime,

China,

87,91-92,93-94,212,219-220,

232,238,277,290-291

Chomsky,

Noam,

58,191

Cicero,

213

city.

See

metropolis

class struggle, 85,151-153,164,285,291,

330,341-342.

See

also

exodus

colonialism,

14,37,67-70,77-82,84,

97-99,117,119

common,

89, 111-112; as

basis

for

knowledge,

120—125;

defined,

viii;

de-

struction of, 272-273; in economic

production,

135-137,151-152,176,

185-188,280-290,299-306; expro-

priation

of, 137-142;love as produc-

tion

of, 181-182,189-198,380; in the

metropolis,

153-156,249-260; as na-

ture,

171-173; and singularities, 183—

184,320,339,340,344,350; in

social

institutions,

159-164, 177, 370.

See

also

corruption

commonwealth,

xiii

communism,

47-49,89,94-95,321,333;

contrast

socialism,

107, 273

Condorcet,

362

cooperation, 140-141, 162

co-research, 118,127-128

corporations, 162-163,164

corruption,

159-164,177,284-285,302-

306,361-362,369-370;

love,

182-

184,192-199

counterpower, 56,348,351,371

crisis,

86,217,220,227-228,275,288-

289,307,310;

biopolitical

produc-

tion,

142-149,151,299-301; of

social-

ist

states,

91-93

Cuba,

92,93-95

Dante

Alighieri,

379-380

Davis,

Mike,

253-254

Delany,

Samuel, 187

Deleuze,

Gilles,

x, 61,172,186-187,249,

338

democracy, 304-306,310,346,362-363,

371-373,377-378

Derrida,

Jacques,

xii,

57-58

Descola,

Philippe,

122

developmentalism, 90-95,269

dialectic,

183-184,243,291-292,294,

320,330;

antimodernity, 95-100; as

model

revolutionary

transition,

362-363

Dickens,

Charles,

312

Dilthey,

Wilhelm,

28-29,319

dispositif

24,115,126-128,246,318-

319,377

Donoso

Cortes,

Juan, 100

Douglass,

Frederick, 327

Bois.W.

E. B.,

76,77,327,329,362

Eckhart,

Meister,

economism,

35,38

Ejercito

Zapatista

Liberacion

Nacional.

See

Zapatistas

emancipation, 329, 330; in

contrast

liberation,

331-334,336,339,341,

350,361-362;

slaves, 76

Empire,

197-198,203-209,219,226-

228,234-235,274-279,372-373.

See

also

governance

encounter,

43,183,250-260,303-305,

379,382; of

singularities,

184,186-

188,350,357

Enlightenment, 16-17,21,95-97,114—

115,376-378

entrepreneurship,

297-298, 306

equality,

11-14,20, 110-111,302-304,

333,381-382;

gender,

133-134,334;

racial,

72,77

Esposito,

Roberto, 57

Euhemerus, 5—6

event,

58-63, 176-177, 246; insurrection

as, 349-350,361-362,365; love as,

180-181,183

evil,

189-199

Ewald,

Francois, 57

excess.

See

measure

and exceeding

exodus, 76-77,152-153,165-166,241,

243,285,301-306,368; from corrupt

social

institutions, 159-160, 164,177,

195-196

exploitation,

22-23,54-55,137-142,

430

INDEX

431

exploitation

(continued)

309;

struggles

against,

319-320,235-

247

expropriation,

137-142; of the expropri-

ators,

329

externalities, 141,154-156,185-186,

251,280-283

family,

160-162,164,182-183,187

Fanon,

Frantz, 103-104,118,120,335-

336;

on nationalism and national

lib-

eration,

37,163

fascism,

4-5,20,27-28

Fausto-Sterling,

Anne,

170-171

federalism,

69, 379

feminist

theory and

politics,

26, 62,119,

170-171,329-330,334-335,337. See

also

gender;

intersectionality;

queer

theory and politics

feminization

work,

133-134,135,

146-147

Ferguson,

James,

231

Filmer,

Robert, 41-42

finance,

142,145, 156-158,289, 294-

295

Flaubert, Gustave, 244

force, 16-17,194-199,236,246-247,

267-271.

See

also

violence

Fordism

and

post-Fordism,

264, 272,

289-290,292,365-366

foreclosure

(in

psychoanalysis), 69-70,

74-75

forms

life,

81,121-124,194,354,356,

358,371;

production of, 131-133,175,

267,364

Foucault,

Michel,

x, 31,75,81-82,136-

137,172,191,224, 241,382; on

bio-

power and

biopolitics,

56—61;

on the

Iranian

Revolution,

35-36; on

reason

and knowledge, 119-120,121,126-

128

Fourier,

Charles, 177

Francis

Assisi,

43-44

freedom, 10-11,13-14,47-48,96,100,

101,

189, 234-236, 321; Foucault's

conception

of, 59-61, 81-82; and

identity,

37,329-336; required for

bio-

political

production, 282,289-290,

302-305,309-310; and

slavery,

72,75-

77. See

also

emancipation; liberation

Free Trade

Area

of the

Americas

(FTAA),

216

French

Revolution,

11-13,151,359-360,

369

Freud,

Sigmund,

62,194

Friedman,

Milton,

263

Friedman,Thomas, 213—214

Frum,

David,

207

Fukuyama,

Francis,

221

fundamentalism,

32-38

Garcia

Linera,

Alvaro,

110-111

Gates,

Bill,

297

Gates, Henry

Louis,Jr.,

gender,

62,133-135,160-161,170-171,

325-328; abolition of, 334-335,337-

340. See

also

feminist theory and

poli-

tics;

intersectionality

Genet, Jean, 187,356

Gentile,

Giovanni,

27-28

gentrification,

257-258

Giddens,

Anthony,

18-19,272

Gilroy,

Paul,

336-338

Gorz,

Andre,

132

governance, 223-228,274-279,347-348,

372-375

Gramsci,

Antonio,

365-368

Guantanamo, 4,213

guaranteed

basic income, 309-310

Guattari,

Felix,

172,186-187,249,338

Guevara,

Ernesto

(Che),

94-95,118

Guha,

Ranajit, 14,68,69

Haass,

Richard,

204-205

Habermas,Jurgen, 18,71

Haitian

Revolution,

13-14,74-75

Hamilton,

Charles, 80

happiness,

376-383

Haraway,

Donna, 120, 334

Harris,

Cheryl,

326

Harvey,

David,

231,266

hegemony, 167,169,173,175,304-305,

366. See

also

unilateralism

Heidegger,

Martin,

29-30,46-50,181

Hesse, Barnor, 80

heteronormativity, 160-161,328,335

Hobbes,Thomas, 4,41-42,51,189

Hoffman,

Danny, 146-147

humanity, creation of

new, 94,104,118,

336,361-362,366,369

human

nature,

52,196,353,361-362,

378;

pessimistic conceptions of, 11,

189-193,197-198

Huntington,

Samuel,

143

Hurricane

Katrina,

217-218

Husserl,

Edmund,

hypermodernity,

19,113

identity,

103-107,119-124,172,195,

320,347,348,358; and revolutionary

politics,

325-344,

371. See

also

singu-

larity

identity-blindness,

325,327-329,348

immaterial

production,

25,

132-133,258,

266. See

also

biopolitical

production;

property:

intellectual;

value: intan-

gible

imperialism,

86-87,203-209,219-220,

228,230.

See

also

Empire;

unilateralism

indigenous populations and

politics,

68—

69,79,89,104-112,123-124,328,

346—347.

See

also

colonialism

indignation,

235-243

industrial

workers' movements, 19,107—

111,121,237,241,250-259,291,364,

366

Inquisition,

Spanish, 80-81

institutions,

159-164,177-178,192-198,

284—285;

revolutionary notion of,

355-360,369-370,374-375.

See

also

governance

insurrection,

238-240,345,355-367

intellectuals,

role of, 103-104,118.

See

also

co-research

intersectionality,

340-344,345,349-350

Iranian

Revolution,

Iraq

War

(2003), 206,208,209-215,218,

220

jacqueries, 236—248

Jagose,

Annamarie,

335

Jefferson.Thomas, 9,139,310,355-356,

377,379; on

violence,

368-369

Jobs, Steve, 297

kairos,

165

Kant,

Immanuel,

xii,

6—8,15-17, 115,

190,346,359-360

Karl,

Rebecca, 232

katechon,

197-198

Kelley,

Robin,

128

Keynesjohn

Maynard,

141-142,306

Kissinger,

Henry, 221, 223

Klein,

Naomi,

137-138,215,231

knowledge as productive force, 145,267-

268,271,

281-282.

See

also

reason:

bio-

political

Krahl,

Hans-Jiirgen,

24—25

labor:

divisions

of, 73,135,160,228-230,

245;

increasing autonomy of, 150-151,

165,

173, 270,286-293; as poverty, 54;

and

slavery,

72-73; technical composi-

tion

of, 131-135, 352-354.

See

also

ex-

ploitation;

industrial

workers' move-

ments;

precarious labor;

value:

labor

theory of;

working

class

Laclau,

Ernesto, 166-167,304-305,

424n43

Latour,

Bruno,

124

laughter,

382-383

Lenin.Vladimir

Ilich,

90-91,175-176,

239,350-351,353,362-363; on impe-

rialism,

86-87,116

Leopardi,

Giacomo,

197

Levi-Strauss,

Claude,

122-123

liberation,

93-94,97-98,101-102,331-

344,349-350.

See

also

emancipation;

freedom

Liberia,

146-147

Locke,

John,

139,326

love,

xi-xii,

179-198,316,318,379-380;

gone

bad, 193-197; training in, 193-

195

Luhmann,

Niklas,

224,373

Luxemburg,

Rosa, 86,230,288

Macherey,

Pierre, 166, 176

Machiavelli,

Niccolo,

51-52,356

Macpherson,

C. B.,

240

Madison,

James,

Malcolm

331,336

Mandeville,

Bernard, 148,184-186

432

INDEX

433

Mao

Zedong, 87,116,290-291

Marazzi,

Christian,

132

Mariategui,Jose

Carlos,

Marshall,

Alfred,

280-281

Marsilius

Padua,

Marx,

Karl,

38,76-77,95,116,136-137,

159,177,194,249,252-253,286-289;

critique

property, 22-23, 280;

money, 294—295;

poverty, 53—54;

precapitalist forms, 83-84, 87-89.

See

also

Asiatic

Mode of

Production;

cooperation; subsumption, formal

and

real;

value:

labor theory

Marx,

Karl,

and

Friedrich

Engels, 230,

298

Mbembe.Achille,

307

Meade,J.E.,281

measure

and

exceeding, 135—137,151—

152,176,242-243,270-271,312-

321,

373.

See

also

monsters

and

mon-

strosity

Melandn,

Enzo,

128

Merleau-Ponty,

Maurice,

metropolis,

153-156,211-212,244-247,

249-260,382,

Mignolo,

Walter,

migration,

134-135,147-148,244-245

modernity, 19,29; as "incomplete,"

71,

84;

and

Marxism,

83—89;

and

monsters,

95—100;

power relation,

67—71;

relation

colonialism,

77-82; and

state

socialism,

89-95.

See

also

altermo-

dernity; antimodernity;

Enlighten-

ment

Mohanty,

Chandra,

135

monsters

and

monstrosity, 95-100,

194,

334-335,339-340,371

Morales,

Evo,

108

Moses,

164,367

Moten,

Fred,

329,336

multiculturalism,

104,123,148-149,330,

338,342

multilateralism,

221-223,263-266

multitude, 243-244,277-279,309-311,

319-320, 354-356; in

Bolivian

thought,

110-112; democracy of, 361-

367,

377; as form of

political

organiza-

tion,

61,165-178,195-196,349-351,

359;

the

metropolis, 249-260;

movements

of, 235-236,374;

the

poor, 45, 50-55, 254; in

17th-century

English

thought,

40-44, 354; and

vio-

lence, 367-370.

See

also

exodus

Muiioz,Jose,

335

Nancy,

Jean-Luc,

xiii—xiv,

57—58,354

nation

and

nationalism, 33-34,36—37,

163-164,182-183,331,336

neoconservatives, 207-208,349

neoliberalism,

viii,

92,137-139,143-144,

155,215-217,231,258; crisis

of,

263-

268,

272—274.

See

also

alterglobaliza-

tion

movements

Newton,

Huey,

331,336

Nietzsche,

Friedrich,

115,

183

Nye,

Joseph, 275-276

Obama,

Barack,

325

ontology,

29-30,47-50,123-124,171,

173,346,378-379; and

love,

181,184,

194-196

Panzieri,

Raniero,

parallelism,

108,111,326,340-345,349-

350

Pashukanis,

Evgeny,

14—15

Patterson,

Orlando,

Paul

Tarsus, 190,197-198

peasants,

88-89,107,236-238,252-253,

366

Perle,

Richard,

207

phenomenology, 24-25,29-32,122

Pierce,

Charles,

Pinochet,

Augusto,

263

Plessner, Helmuth,

189

poor, the,

xi,

39-55,148,180,181,242,

253-254

postmodernity

and

postmodernism, 113—

114,171-172

Povinelli,

Elizabeth,

346-347

precarious labor, 146-147, 245-246,

289-290,293

primitive

accumulation, 54, 86,93,

138

production.

See

biopolitical

production;

immaterial

production; subjectivity,

production

property,

viii-ix,

3,9-15,22-23,39-41,

50-51;

and

identity, 326; intellectual,

281-282,308-309; slaves as, 72-75

Putney

Debates,

40-41

queer

theory

and

politics,

62,335,337-

338

Quesnay,

Francois,

285-286

race,

34,49,74,79-80,98-100,134-135,

147-148,182,217-218,327-328; abo-

lition

of, 335-340.

See

also

antiracist

theory

and

politics;

colonialism;

indig-

enous

populations

and

politics;

inter-

sectionality;

slavery

Rainsborough,

Thomas,

40-41

Ranciere,

Jacques,

44-45,350

Rawlsjohn,

Reagan,

Ronald,

263

real

estate

value, 154-156,257-258

reason,

98-99;

biopolitical,

119-128

refusal,

16,58,152,239;

work,

332-

333

religion,

28,32-33,35-36,78-79,182-

183,190-191,221.

See

also

Catholic

Church

rent,

141-142,154-156,251,257-258

representation,

78,123,278,304-305,

356;

crisis

of, 346-349; of economic

value,

157-158,294-295

republic,

8-21,27,45,50-51,148-149,

301-303,320,326,330;

and

slavery,

71-76

resistance,

16,61,100,106-107,153,176,

234-236,240-244;

colonial

domi-

nation,

67-71,81-82; Foucault's con-

ception

of,

31,56-59,168-169;

limits

of, 101-103;

military occupation,

211-212;

slavery, 75-77.

See

also

an-

timodernity

Resnais,

Alain,

Retamar, Roberto Fernandez,

97-98

revolt,

234-243, 356-357;

anticolonial,

81;

slave,

75-76; urban, 256,259;

worker,

86,144,291-292

revolution,

theory of, 24-25, 238-243,

325-326,331-344,349-355,359-360,

371-375;

passive, 365-367.

See

also

transition,

revolutionary;

violence:

rev-

olutionary

revolution

military affairs, 210-212

Rhodes,

Cecil,

228-229

Riegl,

Alois,

375

Robinson,

William,

232-233

Rosenzweig,

Franz,

182

Rubin,

Gayle,

334

Rumsfeld,

Donald,

210-211

Russia,

88-91,175,212,277.

See

also

So-

viet

Union

Said,

Edward,

Saint-Just,

Louis

de, 369-370

Sartre,

Jean-Paul,

350

Sassen,

Saskia,

223-224

Schmitt,

Carl,

4,50,100,197,238,346,

373

Schumpeterjoseph, 296-298,301

Schurmann, Reiner, 29-30

Sedgwick,

Eve,

337-338

September

11,2001,

attacks,

206,211

Shakespeare,

William,

Sieyes,Abbe,9,151

Silko,

Leslie

Marmon,

105-106

Simmel,

Georg, 157,158

Simondon,

Gilbert,

singularity,

252-254,305,357-359;

and

the

common, 124-125,174-175,183-

184,188,194-197,380; in

the

multi-

tude,

111-112,166-167,350,383; in

relation

identity, 320,338-344.

See

also

encounter

Situationists,

slavery,

71-77,152

Sloterdijk,

Peter,

Smith,

Adam,

38,154,185-186,220,379

social

capital,

271,287-288

social

democracy, 17-20,71,84,271-272,

287-288,294

socialism,

54,89-95,187-188,263,268-

274; in

contrast

communism, 107,

273

Sohn-Rethel,

Alfred,

434

INDEX

Sorel,

Georges, 239

sovereignty, 3-6,42,50,100,106,359,

373;

and identity, 326,330,331

Soviet

Union,

46,48,93-94,238,351,

354; collapse of, 91-93,204,235,263,

269-270.

See

also

Russia

Soweto uprising (1976), 357

Spinoza,

Baruch,

75,125-126,190,191,

192-194, 235-236,356; on common

notions, 53,121; on indignation, 98-

99;

joy,

379, 383; on love, 181; on

the multitude, 43, 279.

See

also

parallel-

ism

Spivak,

Gayatri,

spontaneity,

15-16,165,169,175,236-

237,243.

See

also

encounter;

jacqueries

Stiegler,

Bernard, 58

Stonewall

rebellion (1969), 356

subjectivity,

production of, 31, 56—57,

127-128,171-173,211-212,332; in

economic production, 133, 287,

293—

294

subsumption, formal and real, 142, 229-

231,245,365-366

surplus value, 135-141, 285-288.

See

also

exploitation

Sweezy,

Paul,

313-314

Tableau

economique,

285-290

Tate, Nahum, 40

Tertullian,

197

Teubner, Gunther, 347-348

Thatcher, Margaret, 263

Thiers,

Adolphe,

Tiananmen

Square

revolt, 116

transcendental

critique, 6-8,15,17—20,

29-31,120-122,346-347

transition, revolutionary, 91,175,310—

311,361-365,371

Tronti,

Mario,

24,291-292,332

Trotsky,

Leon,

351

value, 132-137,150-159,270,294-295,

299;

intangible, 135, 312-313, 316;

la-

bor theory of, 313-316; new theory

of, 316—321.

See

also

expropriation;

surplus value;

Tableau

economique

vanguard party, 198-199, 350-352

Vercellone,

Carlo,

267-268

Villon,

Francois, 237

violence,

16,231,256-260; of

colonial-

ism,

37, 67-69; and identity, 327-341;

revolutionary,

367—371

Virno,

Paolo, 167

Viveiros

de Castro, Eduardo, 123-124,

125

Wachtel,

Nathan, 81

Wang

Hui,

Weber,

Max,

76-77,237

West,

Cornell,

Whitman,

Walt,

61,182-183

Wittgenstein,

Ludwig,

121-122, 194-

195,318

Wojnarowicz,

David,

187

working

class, 109-110,159,291,294-

295,

332.

See

also

industrial workers'

movements; multitude

working

day, breakdown of, 133-134,

146-147,242,286-287,292-293

World

Economic Forum, 227-228, 265,

276

world-systems

theories,

84—85

World

Trade Organization, 216, 275

Yorck

von

Wartenburg,

Graf

Paul,

Yurchak,Alexei,

269-270

Zapatistas, 106, 111,357

Zavaleta,

Rene, 108-110

Zerilli,

Linda,

329-330,334

Zizek,

Slavoj,

168-169,342-343,424n43

unilateralism,

203-209, 221-223, 263-

268,275-277

United

Nations, 222