150
, %> ! !, &"!
&"!, ! $!, ! $-
! <'%.
< < ' "
<, ! "! < " -
!, , " " < , -
, " F . . – -
" (F ), $!
< , < . .
< "'% "-
$ : &"$, , $ -
", , +, "', "-
, , , ", ", -
"', , , " -
< «» .
1. D " "% <
"! < , – F-
, (
3
/, "/, "/). -
" "%
F ( " >'% F !:
, + !, "' +-
) ( " ).
2. E"$ ()
ED, ! &"! <,
%>! < $ " (. 3.17, ). *-
"' ( ) , -
$ "' "< &"
&"$! . @$ " " -
&".
# ED " -
" &", <', -
"' < <, . . -
:
E = Bl[ = Bl
U(Q/S), (3.14)
$ E – ' "; B – $ ; l –
< &"; [ – ' < <; Q – F-
! <; S – .
* $" (l = d) :
Q = (d
2
E) / 4B = k Y E, (3.15)
$ d – ; k – &?? "'.