Junkers(Bosch)-Гидравлика и автоматика
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Junkers Schulung
81
éÔÚËÏËÁ‡ˆËfl „ˉ‡‚ÎËÍË
ꇷӘË ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËfl ‡Ò¯ËËÚÂθÌ˚ı ·‡ÍÓ‚ ÏÂÏ·‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ÚËÔ‡
a) ‚ Ô‡‚ËθÌÓ
‚˚·‡ÌÌÓÏ ·‡ÍÂ
‚Ó‰‡ Ë ‡ÁÓÚ
̇ıÓ‰flÚÒfl ‚
‡‚ÌÓ‚ÂÒËË
b) Ô‰‚‡ËÚÂθÌÓÂ
‰‡‚ÎÂÌË ÒÎ˯ÍÓÏ
‚˚ÒÓÍÓ,
ÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËÂ
ÔÓÒÚ‡‚ÍË
c) Ô‰‚‡ËÚÂθÌÓÂ
‰‡‚ÎÂÌË ÒÎ˯ÍÓÏ
ÌËÁÍÓ
éÔÚËÏËÁ‡ˆËfl „ˉ‡‚ÎËÍË
臂ËθÌÓ ÓÔ‰ÂÎÂÌË Ô‰‚‡ËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ‡Ò¯ËËÚÂθÌ˚ı ·‡ÍÓ‚
ÏÂÏ·‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ÚËÔ‡
Junkers Schulung
82
àÁ·˚ÚÓ˜ÌÓÂ
‰‡‚ÎÂÌË P
⁄
ч‚ÎÂÌË ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌ˚È ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ P
A
ëÚ‡Ú˘ÂÒ͇fl ‚˚ÒÓÚ‡ P
0
ɇÁÓ‚‡fl ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθ̇fl
ÛÒÚ‡Ìӂ͇ ÍÓ̉ÂÌÒ‡ˆËÓÌÌ˚Â
ÚËÔ‡
ùÎÂÍÚÓÌÌÓ
ÛÔ‡‚ÎflÂÏ˚È Ì‡ÒÓÒ
éÔÚËÏËÁ‡ˆËfl „ˉ‡‚ÎËÍË
éÔ‰ÂÎÂÌË ӷ˙Âχ ‡Ò¯ËËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó ·‡Í‡ ÏÂÏ·‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ÚËÔ‡
Junkers Schulung
83
çÓÏË̇θÌ˚È Ó·˙ÂÏ ‡Ò¯ËËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó ·‡Í‡ ‰ÓÎÊÂÌ ·˚Ú¸ ‰ÓÒÚ‡ÚÓ˜Ì˚Ï ‰Îfl
ÔËÌflÚËfl ̇˜‡Î¸ÌÓ„Ó Ó·˙Âχ V
V
Ë ‡Ò¯ËËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó Ó·˙Âχ V
e
. ëӄ·ÒÌÓ 1
˜‡ÒÚË DIN 4807, ‰ÓÔÛÒÚËχfl ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ‡ ÔÓ‰‡˜Ë ÔÓËÁ‚Ó‰ËÚÂÎfl ÂÒÚ¸
ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ‡ ̇„‚‡ ‰Îfl ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡ Ó·˙Âχ ‡Ò¯ËËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó ·‡Í‡
ÏÂÏ·‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ÚËÔ‡.
íÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ‡ ÔÓ‰‡˜Ë, °C
V
A
= ‚Ó‰Ó‚ÏÂÒÚËÏÓÒÚ¸
ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌ˚È ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚
V
e
= ‡Ò¯ËËÚÂθÌ˚È Ó·˙ÂÏ
V
V
= Ô‚Ó̇˜‡Î¸Ì˚È Ó·˙ÂÏ
(ÔË ıÓÎÓ‰ÌÓÈ
ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏÂ)
n = ‡Ò¯ËÂÌË ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθ-
ÌÓÈ ‚Ó‰˚ ‚ ÔÓˆÂÌÚ‡ı
Ñˇ„‡Ïχ: ‡Ò¯ËÂÌË ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌÓÈ ‚Ó‰˚ ‚ n ÔÓˆÂÌÚ‡ı
éÔÚËÏËÁ‡ˆËfl „ˉ‡‚ÎËÍË
éÔ‰ÂÎÂÌË ӷ˙Âχ ‡Ò¯ËËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó ·‡Í‡ ÏÂÏ·‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ÚËÔ‡
Junkers Schulung
84
äÓ˝ÙÙˈËÂÌÚ Ù‡ÍÚÓ‡ ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl D
f
ÓÔ‰ÂÎflÂÚÒfl ÔÓ ÒÚ‡Ú˘ÂÒÍÓÈ ‚˚ÒÓÚ ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ P
o
Ë
ÍÓ̘ÌÓÏÛ ‰‡‚ÎÂÌ˲ ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌ˚È ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚:
D
f
= Ù‡ÍÚÓ ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl
P
0
= ÒÚ‡Ú˘ÂÒ͇fl ‚˚ÒÓÚ‡
P
e
= ÍÓ̘ÌÓ ‰‡‚ÎÂÌË ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚
P
SV
= ‰‡‚ÎÂÌË ҇·‡Ú˚‚‡ÌËfl Ô‰Óı‡ÌËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó ‚ÂÌÚËÎfl
d
PA
= ‡ÁÌˈ‡ ‡·Ó˜Â„Ó ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl:
‰Ó 5 bar = 0,5 bar.
á̇fl ÍÓ˝ÙÙˈËÂÌÚ Ù‡ÍÚÓ‡ ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl D
f
‚ÓÁÏÓÊÌÓ ÓÔ‰ÂÎËÚ¸ ÔÓÎÂÁÌ˚È Ó·˙ÂÏ ‡Ò¯ËËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó ·‡Í‡
ÏÂÏ·‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ÚËÔ‡:
V
e
= ‡Ò¯ËËÚÂθÌ˚È Ó·˙ÂÏ
D
f
= Ù‡ÍÚÓ ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl
V
V
= ̇˜‡Î¸Ì˚È Ó·˙ÂÏ
V
A
= Ó·˘ËÈ Ó·˙ÂÏ ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ ‚ ÎËÚ‡ı
v = ‚ ÔÓˆÂÌÚ‡ı ÓÚ ‚ÏÂÒÚËÏÓÒÚË ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌÓÈ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚, ÍÓ„‰‡
‚Ó‰‡ ıÓÎӉ̇ ÏÂÊ‰Û 0,5% Ë 1,0%
èËÏ ‡Ò˜ÂÚ‡: åÓ˘ÌÓÒÚ¸ ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌËfl Q
H
= 26 kW
íÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ‡ ÔÓ‰‡˜Ë t
V
= 45 °C
å‡ÍÒ. ‡·Ó˜Â ‰‡‚ÎÂÌË P
e
= 2,5 bar (P
SV
– 0,5 = 3,0 – 0,5)
ëÚ‡Ú˘ÂÒ͇fl ‚˚ÒÓÚ‡ ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ H = 5 m
ч‚ÎÂÌË ҇·‡Ú˚‚‡ÌËfl
Ô‰Óı‡ÌËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó ‚ÂÌÚËÎfl P
SV
= 3,0 bar
Çˉ ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌËfl ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌË ÔÓ·
艂‡ËÚÂθÌÓ ‰‡‚ÎÂÌË êÅå 0,75 bar
ÇÏÂÒÚËÏÓÒÚ¸ ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌ˚È ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚:
ê‡Ò¯ËËÚÂθÌ˚È Ó·˙ÂÏ Ve:
î‡ÍÚÓ ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl D
f
:
èÓÎÂÁÌ˚È Ó·˙ÂÏ V
n
:
18 l Ó·˙ÂÏ ·‡Í‡
éÔÚËÏËÁ‡ˆËfl „ˉ‡‚ÎËÍË
éÔ‰ÂÎÂÌË ӷ˙Âχ ‡Ò¯ËËÚÂθÌÓ„Ó ·‡Í‡ ÏÂÏ·‡ÌÌÓ„Ó ÚËÔ‡
Junkers Schulung
85
Junkers Schulung
éÔÚËÏËÁ‡ˆËfl „ˉ‡‚ÎËÍË
éÔ‰ÂÎÂÌË ԇ‡ÏÂÚÓ‚ ÚÂıÒÚÓÓÌÌÂ„Ó ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎfl
86
Ç ÔÓÂÍÚËÓ‚Ó˜Ì˚ı Û͇Á‡ÌËflı
ÚÂıÒÚÓÓÌÌÂ„Ó ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎfl DWå ̇
‰Ë‡„‡Ïχı Ô‡‡ÏÂÚÓ‚
Ô‰ÛÒχÚË‚‡ÂÚÒfl ÏËÌËχθ̇fl ÒÍÓÓÒÚ¸
ÔÓÚÓ͇ ÚÂÔÎÓÌÓÒËÚÂÎfl 0,3 m/s Ë
χÍÒËχθ̇fl ÒÍÓÓÒÚ¸ ÔÓÚÓ͇
ÚÂÔÎÓÌÓÒËÚÂÎfl ÓÚ 1,0 – 1,25 m/s. èË
ÏÂ̸¯Ëı ËÎË ·Óθ¯Ëı ÒÍÓÓÒÚflı ÔÓÚÓ͇
ÛıÛ‰¯‡ÂÚÒfl ͇˜ÂÒÚ‚Ó Â„ÛÎËÓ‚ÍË Ë
ÔÓfl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl ¯ÛÏ˚ ÔÓÚÓ͇.
LJÊÌÓ:
íÂıÒÚÓÓÌÌËÈ ÒÏÂÒËÚÂθ DWå Junkers
ÏÓÊÌÓ ÏÓÌÚËÓ‚‡Ú¸ ÚÓθÍÓ ‚ ÔÓ‰‡˜Û
ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌËfl!
ÑÎfl ӷ΄˜ÂÌËfl ‚˚·Ó‡ ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎfl Ë
ÓÔ‰ÂÎÂÌËfl ÒÓ‡ÁÏÂÌÓÒÚË ÒÓÁ‰‡Ì˚
Ú‡·Îˈ˚ Ë „‡ÙËÍË ‚˚·Ó‡, ÔÓÁ‚ÓÎfl˛˘ËÂ
ÔË·ÎËÁËÚÂθÌÓ ÒÓ‡ÁÏÂËÚ¸ ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎË.
ùÚË ‰‡ÌÌ˚ ÓÚÌÓÒflÚÒfl Í Òڇ̉‡ÚÌ˚Ï
„ˉ‡‚΢ÂÒÍËÏ ÒıÂÏ‡Ï (ÒÏ. ‡Á‰ÂÎ
"èË̈ËÔˇθÌ˚ ÒıÂÏ˚ Ó·‚flÁÍË"). Ç
ÓÒÓ·˚ı „ˉ‡‚΢ÂÒÍËı ÛÒÎÓ‚Ëflı ÒΉÛÂÚ
ÔËÌËχڸ ‚Ó ‚ÌËχÌË ԇ‡ÏÂÚ˚
ÒÓÓÚ‚ÂÚÒÚ‚Û˛˘ÂÈ ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚ÍË.
Ç ÓÒÌÓ‚Â Ú‡·Îˈ Ë „‡ÙËÍÓ‚ ‚˚·Ó‡ ÎÂʇÚ
ÔÓÚÂË ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl 0,3 – 4 kPa.
ÑÎfl ÔÓÎÛ˜ÂÌËfl ıÓÓ¯Â„Ó Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚‡
„ÛÎËÓ‚ÍË, ÔÂÂÔ‡‰ ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ‚
ÒÏÂÒËÚÂΠ‰ÓÎÊÌÓ ÔÓ˜ÚË ‡‚ÌflÚ¸Òfl
ÔÂÂÔ‡‰Û ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ‚ ˜‡ÒÚË Ú. Ì.
"ÏÂÌfl˛˘ÂÈÒfl ‚Â΢ËÌ˚" ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌÓÈ
ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ (̇ÔËÏÂ, ÍÓÌÚÛ ‡‰Ë‡ÚÓÓ‚ Ò
ÚÂÏÓÒÚ‡Ú˘ÂÒÍËÏË ‚ÂÌÚËÎflÏË).
ê‡ÁÌˈ‡ ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ 10 K
äÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó 4 – 14 kW 6,5 – 22,5 kW 10,5 – 35 kW 17,5 – 60 kW 25 – 80 kW
ÚÂÔ·
íËÔ ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎfl DWM 20 DWM 25 DWM 32 DWM 40 DWM 50
ê‡ÁÌˈ‡ ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ 15 K
äÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó 5 – 21 kW 9 – 33 kW 15 – 56 kW 26 – 87 kW 36,5 – 118 kW
ÚÂÔ·
íËÔ ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎfl DWM 20 DWM 25 DWM 32 DWM 40 DWM 50
ê‡ÁÌˈ‡ ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ 20 K
äÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó 8 – 28 kW 13 – 47 kW 22 – 72 kW 35 – 118 kW 49 – 158 kW
ÚÂÔ·
íËÔ ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎfl DWM 20 DWM 25 DWM 32 DWM 40 DWM 50
ëÓ‡ÁÏÂÌÓÒÚ¸ ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎfl ÔÓ͇Á‡Ì‡ ̇ ‰‚Ûı ÔËχı.
è‚˚È ÔËÏÂ
ê‡ÒıÓ‰ ÚÂÔ· ‚ ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌÓÏ ÍÓÌÚÛÂ
Q = 8 kW Ë ‡ÁÌˈ‡ ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ˚ – 10 K.
ê¯ÂÌËÂ
àÁ ‚˚·‡ÌÌÓÈ Ú‡·Îˈ˚ ÒΉÛÂÚ, ˜ÚÓ ÏÓÊÌÓ
ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸ ÒÏÂÒËÚÂθ ÚËÔ‡ DWå 15 ËÎË
DWå 20. í. Í. Û ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎfl DWå 15 ÔÓÚÂË
‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl ̇ıÓ‰flÚÒfl ÓÍÓÎÓ 30 mbar, ‡ Û
ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎfl DWå 20 – Û „‡Ìˈ˚ 13 mbar,
ÚÓ ÒΉÛÂÚ ÓÚ‰‡Ú¸ Ô‰ÔÓ˜ÚÂÌË ÒÏÂÒËÚÂβ
ÏÂ̸¯Â„Ó ‡Áχ Ò ·ÓΠÔÂÂÔ‡‰ÓÏ
Ô‡‰ÂÌËÂÏ ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl.
Junkers Schulung
éÔÚËÏËÁ‡ˆËfl „ˉ‡‚ÎËÍË
éÔ‰ÂÎÂÌË ԇ‡ÏÂÚÓ‚ ÚÂıÒÚÓÓÌÌÂ„Ó ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎfl
87
êÂÍÓÏẨ‡ˆËfl
çÓÏË̇θÌ˚È ‚ÌÛÚÂÌÌËÈ ‰Ë‡ÏÂÚ
ÎÛ˜¯Â ‚˚·‡Ú¸ ̇ Ó‰ÌÛ ‡ÁÏÂÌÓÒÚ¸
ÏÂ̸¯Â. ç‡ Ô‡ÍÚËÍ ˝ÚÓ ÓÁ̇˜‡ÂÚ,
˜ÚÓ ÌÓÏË̇θÌ˚È ‚ÌÛÚÂÌÌËÈ
‰Ë‡ÏÂÚ ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎfl ÏÂ̸¯Â, ˜ÂÏ
‰Ë‡ÏÂÚ ÚÛ·ÓÔÓ‚Ó‰‡ ̇ Ó‰ËÌ
ÌÓÏË̇θÌ˚È ‚ÌÛÚÂÌÌËÈ ‰Ë‡ÏÂÚ.
ÇÚÓÓÈ ÔËÏÂ
Ç Í‡Ò͇‰Â ÍÓÚÎÓ‚ Ò ÌÂÒÍÓθÍËÏË ÓÚÓÔË-
ÚÂθÌ˚ÏË ÍÓÌÚÛ‡ÏË ‡ÒıÓ‰ ÚÂÔ· ‚
ÚÂÚ¸ÂÏ ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌÓÏ ÍÓÌÚÛ ‡‚ÂÌ
54 kW. ê‡ÁÌˈ‡ ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ˚ 20 K.
ê¯ÂÌËÂ
àÁ ‚˚·‡ÌÌÓÈ Ú‡·Îˈ˚ ÒΉÛÂÚ, ˜ÚÓ
ÏÓÊÌÓ ËÒÔÓθÁÓ‚‡Ú¸ ÒÏÂÒËÚÂθ ÚËÔ‡
DWå 32.
èÂÂÔ‡‰ ‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl
èÓÚÓÍ
ˆËÍÛÎflˆËÓÌÌ˚È
‚Ó‰˚
Q – ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÚÂÔ·,
1,163 – ÍÓ˝ÙÙˈËÂÌÚ (ÚÂÔÎÓÂÏÍÓÒÚ¸ Ë
ÔÎÓÚÌÓÒÚ¸ ‚Ó‰˚)
∆
t – ‡ÁÌˈ‡ ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ ÏÂʉÛ
ÔÓ‰‡˜ÂÈ Ë ‚ÓÁ‚‡ÚÓÏ
K
VS
– ı‡‡ÍÚÂËÒÚË͇ ÒÏÂÒËÚÂÎfl,
Û͇Á˚‚‡˛˘‡fl ̇ ÔÓÚÓÍ ‚Ó‰˚ ‚
m
3
/h, ÂÒÎË ÒÏÂÒËÚÂθ ÓÚÍ˚Ú
ÔÓÎÌÓÒÚ¸˛
è‡ҘÂÚ Â‰ËÌˈ:
1 kW = 860 kcal/h
= 3600 kJ/h
1 bar = 10 mWs
= 100 kPa
1 mbar = 10 mm WS
V =
1,163 x ∆t
Q
Junkers Schulung
éÔÚËÏËÁ‡ˆËfl „ˉ‡‚ÎËÍË
êÂÍÓÏẨ‡ˆËË ÔÓ ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚Í ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌËfl ÔÓ·
88
êÂÍÓÏẨÛÂÏ˚ ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ˚
éÚÓÔÎÂÌË ÔÓ· ÓÁ̇˜‡ÂÚ, ˜ÚÓ ÔÓËÒıÓ‰ËÚ
̇„‚ ÔÓ‚ÂıÌÓÒÚË. èÓ‚ÂıÌÓÒÚ¸ ÔÓ·
‰Îfl ÔÂÂÌÓÒ‡ ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓ„Ó ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚‡
˝Ì„ËË Ì‡ÏÌÓ„Ó ·Óθ¯Â ÔÓ‚ÂıÌÓÒÚË
̇„‚‡ÚÂθÌ˚ı ˝ÎÂÏÂÌÚÓ‚ ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌÓÈ
ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚, ÔÓ˝ÚÓÏÛ ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ‡ ÔÓ‰‡˜Ë
ÚÂÔÎÓÌÓÒËÚÂÎfl ÒÌËÊÂ̇.
êÂÍÓÏẨÛÂÚÒfl ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ‡ ÔÓ‰‡˜Ë ‚
40 – 50 °C (χÍÒËχθÌÓ 55 °C) Ë
‡ÁÌˈ‡ ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ˚ ÏÂÊ‰Û ÔÓ‰‡˜ÂÈ Ë
‚ÓÁ‚‡ÚÓÏ ‚ 5 – 10 K.
èË ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ‡ı ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌÓÈ
ÒËÒÚÂÏ˚ ‚ 40/30 °C ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌ˚Â
ÍÓÚÎ˚ ÍÓ̉ÂÌÒ‡ˆËÓÌÌÓ„Ó ÚËÔ‡ Cerapur
ÔÓÎÌÓÒÚ¸˛ ËÒÔÓθÁÛ˛Ú ˝ÙÙÂÍÚ
ÍÓ̉ÂÌÒ‡ˆËËË.
Ç Í‡˜ÂÒÚ‚Â ÔÓ‚Ó‰ÌË͇ ÚÂÔ·
ËÒÔÓθÁÛÂÚÒfl ÒÎÓÈ ˆÂÏÂÌÚÓ·ÂÚÓ̇ (Ú. Ì.
"˜ÂÌ˚È ÔÓÎ"). ùÚÓ ÔËÓ‰Ì˚È
χÚ¡Î, ÔÓ˝ÚÓÏÛ Ì‰ÓÔÛÒÚËÏ˚, ‚Ó
ËÁ·ÂʇÌË Ú¢ËÌ Ë Ò‰‚Ë„Ó‚,
Á̇˜ËÚÂθÌ˚ ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛÌ˚Â
ÔÂÂÔ‡‰˚ ‚ ÒÎÓ ˆÂÏÂÌÚÓ·ÂÚÓ̇.
å‡ÍÒËχθÌ˚ ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ˚
ÔÓ‚ÂıÌÓÒÚË ÔÓ· (ÔÓ DIN 4725):
ÜËÎ˚ ÔÓÏ¢ÂÌËfl, χ„‡ÁËÌ˚
(ÁÓ̇ ‡ÒÔÓÎÓÊÂÌËfl) 27 (29*) °C
LJÌÌ˚ ÍÓÏ̇Ú˚ 33 °C
ÅÓ‰˛˚ (‚‰Óθ
̇ÛÊÌ˚ı ÒÚÂÌ, ÓÍÓÌ) 35 °C
* èË ÏËÌËχθÌÓÈ ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ ̇ÛÊÌÓ„Ó
‚ÓÁ‰Ûı‡, ˜ÚÓ ‚ÒÚ˜‡ÂÚÒfl ͇ÚÍÓ‚ÂÏÂÌÌÓ ‚
ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌ˚È ÔÂËÓ‰.
ÅÓθ¯Ó Á̇˜ÂÌË ‚ ÒÓÁ‰‡ÌËË
ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌËfl ÔÓ· ËÏÂÂÚ Ï‡Ú¡Î
ÔÓÍ˚ÚËfl ÔÓ·. Ö„Ó ÚÂÔÎÓÔÓ‚Ó‰ÌÓÂ
ÒÓÔÓÚË‚ÎÂÌËÂ d/λ ÌÂ ‰ÓÎÊÌÓ ·˚Ú¸
·Óθ¯Â 0,15 m
2
K/W, ‚ ÔÓÚË‚ÌÓÏ
ÒÎÛ˜‡Â ‡ÒÒ˜ËÚ‡Ì̇fl ÚÂÏÔ‡ÚÛ‡
ÔÓ‰‡˜Ë ÚÂÔÎÓÌÓÒËÚÂÎfl ·Û‰ÂÚ ÒÎ˯ÍÓÏ
‚˚ÒÓ͇.
ç‡ÔËÏÂ:
ä‡Ï˘ÂÒ͇fl
ÔÎËÚ͇ 10 mm d/λ = 0,02 m
2
K/W
PVC 6 mm d/λ = 0,04 m
2
K/W
è‡ÍÂÚ 12 mm d/λ = 0,06 m
2
K/W
Junkers Schulung
éÔÚËÏËÁ‡ˆËfl „ˉ‡‚ÎËÍË
êÂÍÓÏẨ‡ˆËË ÔÓ ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚Í ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌËfl ÔÓ·
89
Çˉ ÍÓÌÒÚÛ͈ËË
ç‡ Ô‡ÍÚËÍ ËÒÔÓθÁÛ˛ÚÒfl
‡ÁÏ¢ÂÌÌË ÚÛ· ‚ ÒÎÓÂ
ˆÂÏÂÌÚÓ·ÂÚÓ̇ ËÎË Ô·ÒÚËÌ˚
Á‡‚Ó‰ÒÍÓ„Ó ÔÓËÁ‚Ó‰ÒÚ‚‡ Ò ÚÛ·‡ÏË, Ú.
Ì. "ÍÎËχÚ˘ÂÒÍË ÔÓÎ˚" (Klimaboden).
íÛ·˚
ç‡Ë·ÓΠ‡ÒÔÓÒÚ‡ÌÂÌÌÓÈ ‚
ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌËË ÔÓ· ÍÓÌÒÚÛ͈ËÂÈ fl‚Îfl˛ÚÒfl
ÔÓ„ÛÊÂÌË ÚÛ· ‚ ÒÎÓÈ ˆÂÏÂÌÚÓ·ÂÚÓ̇,
Ú.Ì. ‚·ÊÌÓ ËÒÔÓÎÌÂÌË ËÎË Ì‡
ÒÔˆˇθÌ˚ ËÁÓÎflˆËÓÌÌ˚ Ô·ÒÚËÌ˚,
Ú. Ì. ÒÛıÓÂ ËÒÔÓÎÌÂÌËÂ.
ç‡ Ô‡ÍÚËÍ ÔËÏÂÌfl˛ÚÒfl ωÌ˚ ËÎË
ÒËÌÚÂÚ˘ÂÒÍË (Ô·ÒÚχÒÒÓ‚˚Â) ÚÛ·˚.
ÑˇÏÂÚ ÚÛ· ÓÚ 14 ‰Ó 17 mm.
èËÌËχfl ‚Ó ‚ÌËχÌË ÔÓÚÂË
‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl, χÍÒËχθ̇fl ‰ÎË̇ ÚÛ· ‚
Ó‰ÌÓÏ ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌÓÏ ÍÓÌÚÛ ‡‚̇
120 m. èÓ ˝ÚÓÈ Ô˘ËÌ χÍÒËχθÌ˚e
‰ÎËÌ˚ Ô·ÒÚχÒÒÓ‚˚ı ÚÛ· ‚ ÛÎÓÌÂ
‡‚Ì˚ 120 m ËÎË 240 m.
ÑÎfl ËÁ·ÂʇÌËfl Û‚Â΢ÂÌËfl ÔÓÚ¸
‰‡‚ÎÂÌËfl χÍÒËχθ̇fl ÒÍÓÓÒÚ¸
ÔÓÚÓ͇ ÚÂÔÎÓÌÓÒËÚÂÎfl ‚ Ô·ÒÚχÒÒÓ‚˚ı
ÚÛ·‡ı ‡‚̇ 0,6 m/s.
éÚÓÔÎÂÌË ÔÓ· è·ÒÚËÌ˚ ÔӉӄ‚‡ÂÏ˚ı
ÔÓÎÓ‚
ä‡Ï˘ÂÒ͇fl ÔÎËÚ͇
ëÎÓÈ
ˆÂÏÂÌÚÓ-
·ÂÚÓ̇
ëÎÓÈ
ˆÂÏÂÌÚÓ·ÂÚÓ̇
àÁÓÎflˆËfl
ÅÂÚÓÌÌÓÂ
ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂ
ÅÂÚÓÌÌÓÂ
ÓÒÌÓ‚‡ÌËÂ
àÁÓÎflˆËfl
ä‡Ï˘ÂÒ͇fl ÔÎËÚ͇
Junkers Schulung
éÔÚËÏËÁ‡ˆËfl „ˉ‡‚ÎËÍË
êÂÍÓÏẨ‡ˆËË ÔÓ ÛÒÚ‡ÌÓ‚Í ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌËfl ÔÓ·
90
Éˉ‡‚΢ÂÒÍÓ ÓÚ‰ÂÎÂÌËÂ
éÚ‰ÂθÌ˚ ÍÓÌÚÛ˚ ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌËfl ÔÓ·
ÔÓ‰Íβ˜‡˛ÚÒfl Ô‡‡ÎÎÂθÌÓ. í. Í. ‚Ó‰‡
‚Ò„‰‡ ̇ıÓ‰ËÚ ÔÛÚ¸ Ò Ì‡ËÏÂ̸¯ËÏ
ÒÓÔÓÚË‚ÎÂÌËÂÏ, ÚÓ ‰Îfl ÍÓÌÒÚÛ͈ËË
Ú‡ÍÓ„Ó ‚ˉ‡ ÓÒÓ·ÂÌÌÓ ‚‡ÊÌÓ
„ˉ‡‚΢ÂÒÍË ‡Á‰ÂÎËÚ¸ ÓÚ‰ÂθÌ˚Â
ÍÓÌÚÛ˚ ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌËfl. ÇÒΉÒÚ‚Ë ˝ÚÓ„Ó
͇ʉ˚È ÓÚÓÔËÚÂθÌ˚È ÍÓÌÚÛ ÔÓÎÛ˜‡ÂÚ
ÌÂÓ·ıÓ‰ËÏÓ ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó ÚÂÔ·
(ÍÓ΢ÂÒÚ‚Ó ‚Ó‰˚) ‰Îfl ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌËfl
ÔÓÏ¢ÂÌËfl.
ÖÒÎË ÔÓÂÍÚÓÏ Ô‰ÔÓ·„‡ÂÚÒfl ÚÓθÍÓ
ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌË ÔÓ·, ÚÓ ÍÓÚÎ˚
ÍÓ̉ÂÌÒ‡ˆËÓÌÌÓ„Ó ÚËÔ‡ Cerapur
ZSBR/ZWBR/ZBR ÏÓÊÌÓ Ì‡ÔflÏÛ˛
ÔÓ‰Íβ˜ËÚ¸ Í ÍÓÌÚÛ‡Ï ÓÚÓÔÎÂÌËfl ÔÓ·
·ÂÁ „ˉ‡‚΢ÂÒÍÓ„Ó ÓÚ‰ÂÎËÚÂÎfl.