Kolodziejczyk Dariusz. The Crimean Khanate and Poland-Lithuania (ENG)

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DOCUMENT 64 (11 NOVEMBER–10 DECEMBER 1654)

e ‘ahdname sent by Khan Mehmed IV Giray to King John Casimir

[Facs. XII]

Original paper document in Turkish (Ottoman Turkish mixed with Crimean

Tatar): AGAD, AKW, Dz. tat., k. 65, t. 152, no. 733.

145 × 40.5 cm. (3 sheets glued together)

invocation (gold): divani script

tuġra (gold): 15 × 29 cm.

text (black): divani script

the black almond-like seal of Mehmed Giray (2 cm. in height) is impressed

at the bottom

in addition, a round golden seal, measuring 4.8 cm in diameter, (now lost but

visible on the microlm made in 1976) was attached with a silvered string

(the string is preserved)

Published in Materialy dlja istorii Krymskago xanstva, pp. 494–496.

Polish 17th-century translation: a) AGAD, AKW, Dz. tat., k. 62, t. 72, no.

404; b) AGAD, AKW, Dz. tat., k. 65, t. 152, no. 734 (an 18th-century copy by

Antoni Crutta); c) Bibl. Kórn., ms. 991, fol. 498b–499a.

Published along with a Russian translation from Polish in Dokumenty ob

osvoboditel’noj vojne ukrainskogo naroda 1648–1654, pp. 768–771 [incom-

plete; the content of the last page of ms. no. 734 (copy b), which served as

the basis, is omitted].

A 20th-century Polish translation by Abdullah Zihni Soysal is published in

idem, Jarłyki krymskie, pp. 55–57.

A 20th-century Russian translation by Sagit Faizov, along with a Latin-script

transcription of the text based on its Arabic-script edition in Materialy dlja

istorii Krymskago xanstva, is published in idem (ed.), Pis’ma xanov Islam-

Gireja III i Muxammed-Gireja IV k carju Alekseju Mixajloviču i korolju Janu

Kazimiru. 1654–1658, pp. 98–110.

Hüve

Mehmed Gėrey Han bin Selamet Gėrey Han sözümüz

[1] Hamd-i ravan ve şükr-i bi-payan ol Haliq-i biçun ve Razıq-i rub‘-i

meskun celle şanehü ve ta‘ala ve ‘amme nevalühü ve tevali hazretlerine

olsun taqı salat bi-‘ad ve tahiyat bi-hadd

document 64 (11 november–10 december 1654) 975

[2] ol müfahhar-i mevcudat ve server-i ka’inat hatimü`l-enbiya şe‘-i ruz-i

ceza a‘ni hazret-i Muhammad el-Mustafa salla`llahu ta‘ala ‘aleyhi ve sel-

lem üzerine olsun ve al ve evlad ve ashab ke-zeyyene

[3] rızvanu`llahi ta‘ala ‘aleyhim ecma‘in üzerine olsun kim Allahu tebareke

ve ta‘ala meymun ve mübarek eyleye kemal-i qudretiyle meniŋ zat-i

sa‘adet-aludumı cümleden berter ėdüp hil‘at-i hilafeti

[4] duş-i hümayunuma giyürüp ve tac-i kiyaseti farq-i mübarekime urup

taht-i ‘adalet-bahtimi vücud-i bihbud ‘adalet-nümudum ile müzeyyen

ve müretteb eyledi ala bolsa uluġ orda

[5] ve uluġ yurtnıŋ ve Deşt-i Qıpçaqnıŋ ve taht-i Qırımnıŋ ve sansız köb

Tatarnıŋ ve saġışsız köp Noġaynıŋ ve taġ-ara Çerkeçniŋ ve Tat bile

Tavgaçnıŋ

[6] uluġ padişahı olan ‘ali-hazret ma‘ali-rütbet Hurşid-tal‘at ‘Utarid-fıtnat mėn

uluġ Mehmed Gėrey Han dame devletühü ila yevmi`l-mizan hazretlerindin

[7] uluġ Urusnıŋ ve Purusnıŋ ve Lėhniŋ ve Litvanıŋ ve Mazurnıŋ ve

Çerniqovanıŋ ve cümle millet-i nasraniyeniŋ qıralı olan qardaşımız Yan

Qazimir

[8] qıral musalahat-iştimal dame musalahatuhu ila yevmi`l-mizan tarafına

muhabbetlik ile selam ėdüb nedir haliŋiz ve hatırıŋız iyümisiz ve

hoşmısiz deyüp sorġanmızdan soŋra

[9] i‘lam ve inha-yi hani budur ki merhum ve maġfur qardaşımız İslam Gėrey

Han ‘aleyhi`r-rahmet ve`r-rızvan hazretleri tarafından siz qardaşımız

canibine Süleyman Aġa qulları

[10] göndürilüp bu günden soŋra Qırım hanları ile dost ve qardaş olduq

Qırım hanlarınıŋ dostuna dost ve düşmanlarına düşmanlıq ėdüp siziŋ

düşmanıŋuz olup

[11] bu tarafdan yardım içün ‘asker taleb ėtdikde bu canibden ‘asker vėrilüp

ve Qırım hanlarınıŋ düşmanı olup sizden ‘asker taleb olunduqda siz

dahi ‘asker vėrüb

[12] ömriŋüz ahir oluncaya degin Qırım hanlarından ayrılmayup dost ve qardaş

olup birlik ėdecegiŋüze ve sizden soŋra gelecek qırallar dahi bunıŋ üzerinde

[13] dostluq ve qardaşlıq ėdeceklerine ve Mosqov üzerine ‘asker çıqup Haq

ta‘ala hazretleri lutf ve ihsan ėdüp her ne zaman fethi nasib olduqda

Ecderhan

[14] ve Qazan ve Terek ve Tura ve her ne qadar Müsliman vilayetleri ve Tatar

ve Noġay halqı var ise siz qardaşımız ve cümle Lėh bekleri qarışmayup

bizim olacaqına ve qadimi

[15] pişkeşiŋüz her sene vaqt u zamanıyla Qamaniseye göndürüp bu tarafdan

adam varup getürüp asla Qırım tarafına yamanlıq sanmayup qardaşlıq

ve dostluq ėdecegiŋüze

[16] siz qardaşımız ve cümle Lėh bekleri ve ruhbanları Süleyman Aġanıŋ

öŋünde ‘ahd ü yemin ėdüp bunıŋ üzerine ‘ahdnameŋüz yazdırıp Qırım

tarafına elçiŋüz Maryuş İstanislav Yasluski

Written with a nal Arabic he (ﻪﻜﺳﻮﻠﺻﺎﻳ); its ending can be read -ki as in the

word ki (

ﻪﻛ).

976 document 64 (11 november–10 december 1654)

[17] ta‘yin olunduqda emr-i Haq ile biraderimiz İslam Gėrey Han rahmet-i

Haqqa vasıl olup lutf-i Haq ile babamız tahtı bize nasib olduqda siziŋle

dahi ‘ahd ü yeminimiz budur deyü yeŋiden

[18] ‘ahd ü yemin ėdüp taraf-i haniye göndürmüşsüz gelüp vasıl olup ve

‘ahdnameŋüz manzurumuz olup ve elçiŋüzle lisanen ısmarladıġıŋuz

cevablarıŋuz ‘arz ėdüp

[19] her ne qadar cevabıŋuz oldı ise maqbul-i hümayunum olup bu tarafdan

dahi altun baysalu ‘ahdnamemiz yazdırılup göndürülmüşdür siz ‘ahd ü

yeminiŋüzde sadıq olup

[20] ‘ömriŋüz ahir oluncaya degin Mosqov padişahı ile barışmayup üzerine

‘asker çıkup Haq ta‘ala hazretleri lutf ėdüp fethi müyesser olursa Mosqov

zaptında olan

[21] Qazan ve Ecderhan ve Terek ve Tura ve ol vilayetde her ne qadar Tatar

ve Noġay halqı var ise siz qardaşımız ve cümle Lėh bekleri qarışmayup

bizim olup ve bundan ġayri

[22] her qanda bizim düşmanımız olub sizden ‘asker taleb olunduqda bila-

tereddüd ‘asker vėrüp ve size ‘asker lazım olduqda bu tarafdan ‘asker

vėrilüp hasıl-i kelam birbirimiziŋ

[23] dostuna dost ve düşmanına düşmanlıq ėdüp siziŋ vilayetiŋüz tüccarı

Qırıma gelüp ve bizim tüccarımız siziŋ vilayetiŋüze varup ve gelüp

[24] ortalıqda qatnav olub muhabbet ve meveddet üzere olayuz ve Özi qazaqı

ėtdüklerine nadim ve peşiman olup Mosqovdan ayrılup

[25] gelüp ayaqımıza yıqılup hidmet ve ‘ubudiyet qabul ėderlerse anlara siz

qardaşımızdan ve bekleriŋüzden zarar u ziyan olmayup ve her sene

Qırım hanlarına

[26] vėrilü-gelen pişkeş ve hedayaŋuz vaqt u zamanıyla göndürilüp kendi

tarafıŋızdan ve cümle Lėh bekleri canibinden naqz-i ‘ahd olmadıqdan

soŋra bu ‘ahdnamemizde

[27] yazılan cevablarımızda hilaf olmaq ihtimali yoqdur dostluquŋuzda

ve qardaşlıqıŋuzda bolunup dostuŋuza dost ve düşmanıŋuza düşman

olacaqımıza

[28] biz dahi ‘ahd ü yemin ėderiz ma damki siziŋ tarafıŋızdan ve bekleriŋüz

taraarından naqz-i ‘ahd olmayup ‘ahd ü yeminiŋüzde sadıq olasız

inşa`llahu ta‘ala

[29] bizim ‘ahd ü yeminimiz taġayyür olunmayup eger bizim tara fımızdan

ve eger qalġa sultan ve eger nureddin sultan tarafından ve sair sultanlar

taraarından ve cemi‘ Qırım bekleri

[30] ve mirzalarından ve aġalarından Ulu Noġay ve Küçik Noġay ve Oraq

oġulları ve Şeydaq oġulları ve Mamay oġulları mirzalarından ve Or

Mehmed Bey

[31] oġulları mirzaları ve Toquz Çubar mirzalarından ve Aqkermen ve Can-

kermende olan Tatar ve Noġay ‘askerimizden siziŋ vilayetiŋüze ve ser-

had qal‘eleriŋüze

[32] zarar u ziyan olmaq ihtimali yoqdur baqi ve`l-du‘a ‘ala men tabi‘a`l-

Hüda tahriren  mah-i Muharremü`l-haram sene-i 1065

bi-maqami

Baġçesaray

el-mahruse

document 64 (11 november–10 december 1654) 977

Mehmed Gėrey Han bin Selamet Gėrey Han

La ilaha illa`llah Muhammadun ar-rasul`llah!

‘ahdname-i Mehmed Gėrey Han

Translation:

He!

[tuġra] Mehmed Giray Khan, son of Selamet Giray Khan: our word:

Let the abundant praise and endless gratitude be pronounced to His Excellency,

the eternal Creator and the Provider of the needs of the inhabited portion of the

earth (may His fame be exalted and may He be exalted!), whose benecence

is universal and continuous; also, let uncounted prayers and unlimited saluta-

tions be pronounced upon the exalted of the universe, the prince of all creation,

the seal of the prophets, the intercessor [for sinners] on the Day of Punish-

ment, namely his excellency Muhammad el-Mustafa

(may God—may He be

exalted!—commend and salute him!), and upon [his] family, descendants, and

companions (may the approbation of God—may He be exalted!—embellish

them all!), for God (may He be blessed and exalted and may He render [them]

prosperous and blessed!) with all His might elevated my prosperous person

above all, put the robe of caliphate on my imperial shoulder, placed the crown

of sagacity on my blessed head, and adorned and lled my throne, fortuned

with justice, with my sound, just body [i.e., person].

us, from his excellency of exalted dignity and great rank, of sunny appear-

ance and mercurial intelligence [i.e., clever], me, the great Mehmed Giray

Khan (may his [i.e., my] reign last until the Day of Judgment!), being the great

padishah of the Great Horde and great country [yurt], the Kipchak Steppe,

the Crimean throne, innumerable Tatars and countless Nogays, mountain

Circassians,

and Tats and Tavgaches,

to our brother, the peace-seeking king

John Casimir (may his peace [with neighbors] last until the Day of Judgment!),

the king of great Ruthenia, Prussia, Poland, Lithuania, Mazovia, Černihiv, and

the whole Nazarene [i.e., Christian] community: aer having expressed ami-

cable salutations and asked: “how is your condition and health?,” “do you feel

Text of the seal; on its additional elements, see n. 18 below.

Engraving on the obverse side of the now lost golden seal (baysa), deciphered by

Zygmunt Abrahamowicz and recorded on a separate sheet attached to the document.

e unusual though grammatically correct form ar-rasul`llah (it should rather read

rasul`llah) also appeared on the baysa, attached to the şartname sent by Islam III

Giray to Moscow in 1646; the original şartname is no longer extant, but its text, along

with the engraving on the baysa, is recorded in a contemporary Arabic-script copy;

see RGADA, f. 123, op. 2, no. 52, fol. 3a (the text is published in Materialy dlja istorii

Krymskago xanstva, pp. 355–359, yet without the baysa inscription).

Engraving on the reverse side of the now lost golden seal (baysa), deciphered by

Zygmunt Abrahamowicz (cf. n. c above).

Mustafa (lit. “the Chosen”) is the second name of Prophet Muhammad.

Lit. “Circassians [living] among mountains.”

On the Tats and Tavgaches, see Document 48, n. 8, and Document 49, n. 1.

978 document 64 (11 november–10 december 1654)

well?” and “are you doing well?,” the monarchic message and communication

is that:

Our late brother, whose sins are forgiven, his excellency Islam Giray Khan

(God’s mercy and approbation be upon him!) sent to you, our brother, his

servant Süleyman Agha;

and you, our brother, and all the Polish lords and

priests,

swore and engaged in front of Süleyman Agha: “from this day on we

will be

friends and brothers with the Crimean khans.” [And you engaged that]

while you should be a friend to a friend of the Crimean khans and an enemy

to their enemy, when you face an enemy and ask for help in troops, troops

should be given from this [i.e., our] side, and when the Crimean khans ask

you for help in troops, you also should give [them] troops; until the end of

your life you should not separate from the Crimean khans, but you should be

united like friends and brothers; also the future kings, who will succeed you,

should likewise keep friendship and brotherhood; and if we set out with troops

against Muscovy and—by the grace and favor of His Excellency, God (may He

be exalted!)—it ever falls to our lot that we conquer Astrakhan, Kazan, Terek,

Tura,

or any [other] Muslim provinces, or [any provinces] inhabited by Tatars

or Nogays, neither you, our brother, nor any of the Polish lords should interfere,

as [these conquests] will belong to us; and each year you should punctually

send your ancient gi [pişkeş]

to Kamieniec, while a man will be appointed

by us and sent in order to [collect it and] bring [here]; and [you engaged that],

having no evil designs, you should keep brotherhood and friendship with the

Crimea; and in accordance with that [engagement] you ordered to write down

your ‘ahdname and appointed your envoy to the Crimea, Mariusz Stanisław

Jaskólski;

meanwhile, by a divine order, our brother, Islam Giray Khan,

On Süleyman Agha, cf. Document 61, n. 5 and n. 10 below.

An apparent reference to Roman-Catholic bishops, who were members of the

Polish-Lithuanian Senate.

e sentence is written in the past tense (dost ve qardaş olduq) but refers to the

future.

I.e., the land on the Terek river in the northern Caucasus.

In Muslim sources the term Tura referred to the Siberian Khanate, conquered by

Muscovy in the years 1582–1598. Originally the name Tura referred to a Siberian river

as well as two important Siberian towns: Chingi-Tura (or Chimgi-Tura), the capital of

the Siberian Khanate in the 15th century, and Kızıl-Tura, the seat of the Taybughid

clan, prominent in Siberia in the 16th century; cf. Zaitsev, “e Khanate of Sibir,”

pp. 860–866, and Gerxard F. Miller, Istorija Sibiri (Moscow-Leningrad, 1937), p. 193.

On the term pişkeş, explained in the Redhouse dictionary as a “gi brought to a

superior,” cf. Document 50, n. 23.

Mariusz Stanisław Jaskólski, the Crown prefect (strażnik koronny), was sent to

the Crimea in February 1654 in reaction to the recently concluded alliance between

Muscovy and the Cossacks (the so-called Union of Perejaslav), dangerous for both

Poland-Lithuania and the Crimea. In April 1654, the envoy was favorably received by

Islam III Giray and his powerful vizier, Sefer Ghazi Agha, and sent back to Poland

along with the Crimean envoy, Süleyman Agha. e articles of the Polish-Crimean

alliance were composed during the Diet in Warsaw in July 1654, and Jaskólski was

again sent to the Crimea along with the Polish instrument. In exchange, he received

the present document from the new khan, Mehmed IV Giray, at a solemn audience on

22 November 1654; see Wójcik, “Feudalna Rzeczpospolita wobec umowy w Perejasławiu,”

pp. 97–108; Baranowski, “Tatarszczyzna wobec wojny polsko-szwedzkiej,” pp. 460–465;

document 64 (11 november–10 december 1654) 979

reached God’s mercy [i.e., died], and by the grace of God the throne of our

father fell to our lot; and you announced: “our oath and engagement regard

you as well,” and you swore and engaged anew, and sent [your envoy] to [our]

monarchic side; upon his arrival we inspected your ‘ahdname, and your envoy

submitted to us your answers [i.e., provisions] which you had instructed him

with verbally; whatever you answered, it found our imperial acceptance; also

on our part, we ordered to write down and sent our ‘ahdname, provided with

the golden baysa.

You should sincerely keep your oath and engagement, and until the end of

your life you should not make peace with the Muscovian padishah, but you

should set out with your troops against him; if—by the grace of His Excellency,

God (may He be exalted!)—God enables us the conquest of Kazan, Astrakhan,

Terek, and Tura, being [presently] held by Muscovy, or any regions in that

country inhabited by Tatars or Nogays, neither you, our brother, nor any of

the Polish lords should interfere, as [these conquests] will belong to us; besides,

wherever our enemy appears and we ask you for help in troops, you should

give [us] troops without hesitation; and when you need troops, troops will be

given [i.e., sent] by us; in short: we should be friends of the other’s friend and

enemies of the other’s enemy; the merchants from your country should be able

to come to the Crimea, our merchants should be able to travel to your country

and return, and mutual communication should be established between us; we

should live in amity and aection.

And if the Dnieper Cossacks are sorry for and regret their deeds, break with

Muscovy, come and fall down to our feet, and accept [their] service and servi-

tude, no damage or harm should be done to them by you, our brother, or your

lords; and your gis [pişkeş] and presents [ hedaya], which used to be given to

the Crimean khans, should be punctually sent each year; provided that you and

the Polish lords do not violate the oath, it is unlikely that anything contrary

to the provisions [lit. answers] recorded in our present ‘ahdname could occur

[from our side].

We also swear and engage that we will remain in friendship and brother hood

with you, we will be a friend of your friend and an enemy of your enemy. As

no violation of the oath should occur from your side or from the side of your

lords, and you should sincerely keep your oath and engagement, God—may He

be exalted!—willing, there will be no change [either] in our oath and engage-

ment; it is unlikely that any damage or harm will be done to your country or

Historia dyplomacji polskiej, vol. 2, pp. 197–199; and most recently Augusiewicz, “Dwa

poselstwa Mariusza Stanisława Jaskólskiego na Krym w 1654 roku,” pp. 46–60.

e term baysa refers to the golden seal (now lost but visible on the microlm

made in 1976) that was attached with a silvered string to the present document. In

the early Genghisid states, the Chinese term p’ai-tzŭ (hence Mongolian baisa) referred

to oval or round “tablets of authority,” given to high ocials as “badges of rank,” or

to envoys as safe conduct, entitling their bearers to provisions and horses on their

journey. Depending on the rank of recipient, tablets were made of wood, iron, copper,

silver, or gold. e term baysa resurfaced in the seventeenth-century Crimean diplo-

matic correspondence with Moscow, and then with Warsaw. At that time it began to

refer to a hanging seal attached by a string to a document, apparently adopted by the

Crimean chancery under the inuence of the Russian and Polish chanceries; cf. the

paragraph on the baysa in Part II.

980 document 64 (11 november–10 december 1654)

your border castles by us or by the qalga sultan, or the nureddin sultan, or by

other princes [sultans], or by any of the Crimean beys, mirzas, or aghas, or by

the mirzas of the Great Nogay and Little Nogay [hordes], of the [clans] Oraq-oghlu,

Sheydaq-oghlu,

and Mamay-oghlu,

or by the mirzas of the [clan] Or-Mem-

bet-Bey-oghlu,

the mirzas of Toquz Chubar,

or by our Tatar and Nogay

troops dwelling in [the vicinity of] Akkerman and Djankerman [i.e., Očakiv].

e Oraq-oghlu (“the sons of Oraq”), along with the Mamay-oghlu (see n. 14

below), descended from the Little Nogay horde, whose grazing lands extended between

the Don and northern Caucasus. e clan protoplast, Oraq bin Alchagir bin Musa,

was the father of Ghazi Mirza, who founded the Little Horde in mid-1550s. In the

17th and 18th centuries, the Oraq-oghlu constituted one of the two major Nogay clans

dwelling in Budjak, along with the Or-Membet-oghlu (see n. 15 below). Sometimes

confused with the Manghıts (Mansurs), in fact they arrived in the Crimean Khanate

almost a century later. Although some of them came already in the 2nd half of the

sixteenth century, their massive immigration occurred in the 1630s under the pressure

of the Kalmyks; see “Précis de l’histoire des khans de Crimée depuis l’an 880 jusqu’à

l’an 1198 de l’hégire.” Translated by [W.] Kazimirski, Nouveau Journal Asiatique 12

(1833): 349–380 and 428–458, esp. p. 438; Khodarkovsky, Where Two Worlds Met.

e Russian State and the Kalmyk Nomads, 1600–1771, pp. 80–81; Senai, Historia

chana Islam Gereja III, p. 186, n. 478; and especially Trepavlov, Istorija Nogajskoj

Ordy, pp. 178–179, 311, 409, 431, 434, 453–454, 656–657. In the 18th century, both

the Oraq-oghlu and the Or-Membet-oghlu had their own cadis; see Barbara Kellner-

Heinkele, Aus den Aufzeichnungen des Sa‘id Giray Sultān. Eine zeitgenössische Quelle

zur Geschichte des Chanats der Krim um die Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts (Freiburg im

Breisgau, 1975), p. 126.

e Sheydaq-oghlu (“the sons of Sheydaq”) constituted another clan descending

from the Little Nogay horde, although its protoplast, Sheydaq (Seyyid Ahmed) bin

Muhammed bin Ismail, belonged to the family branch that had remained in power in

the Great Horde (actually Ghazi Mirza, the founder of the Little Horde, rioted against

Sheydaq’s grandfather, Ismail); see Trepavlov, Istorija Nogajskoj Ordy, pp. 430–431,

434, 656–657.

e Mamay-oghlu (“the sons of Mamay”), along with the Oraq-oghlu (see n. 12

above), descended from the Little Nogay horde; their protoplast, Mamay bin Musa,

was an uncle and tutor of its founder, Ghazi Mirza; see Trepavlov, Istorija Nogajskoj

Ordy, pp. 178, 431, 464, 656–657.

e Or-Membet-Bey-oghlu or Or-Membet-oghlu (“the sons of Or-Membet,”

whereas Membet is a Nogay form of the name Mehmed) descended from the Great

Nogay horde. e clan’s protoplast, Or-Mehmed (Uraz-Muhammed) bin Din-Ahmed

bin Ismail, was the horde’s leader, killed in 1598. His death resulted in a prolonged

civil war on the Volga and a massive Nogay migration to the Crimean Khanate in the

summer of 1608. is wave was followed by another one caused by the pressure of

the Kalmyks, and especially massive in the fall of 1636. In the 17th and 18th centu-

ries, the Or-Membet-oghlu constituted one of the two major Nogay clans in Budjak,

along with the Oraq-oghlu, and in the 18th century the two clans even had their own

cadis (cf. n. 12 above); see Trepavlov, Istorija Nogajskoj Ordy, pp. 388–394, 418, 430,

433–434, 453–454, 656–657.

Apparently identical with the Toquz clan (whereas toquz means “nine”), listed by

an 18th-century chronicler, Seyyid Muhammed Riza, among the nine principal Nogay

clans, along with the clans of Mansur, Oraq, Mamay, Or-Mehmed, Qasay, Yedidjek,

Djemboyluq, and Yedisan; cf. idem, Es-seb‘u`s-seyyar  ahbari muluki Tatar, p. 106

(the name of the Yedisan is missing in the printed edition and the Qasay-oghlı should

document 64 (11 november–10 december 1654) 981

I have nothing to add but a prayer for whomsoever has followed the right

path [i.e., Islam]! Written in the sacred month of Muharrem of the year 1065,

in the abode of Baghchasaray, the well-protected.

[seal] Mehmed Giray Khan, son of Selamet Giray Khan

[golden baysa] ere is no god but God! Muhammad is the Prophet of God!

e ‘ahdname of Mehmed Giray Khan

be identied with the Sheydaq-oghlu, cf. Trepavlov, Istorija Nogajskoj Ordy, pp. 363

and 430–431). ough Seyyid Muhammed Riza referred to these names in a 16th-century

context, the list reected rather the realities of the 18th century.

Muharrem 1065 A.H. lasted from 11 November till 10 December 1654; for a

more precise, tentative dating, namely ca. 22 November 1654, cf. n. 10 above.

In the middle of the seal there is the trident-shaped emblem of the Girays (taraq

tamġa) and the Muslim year number 1064 (lasted between 22 November 1653 and 10

November 1654 A.D.). Moreover, a small signature

ﻩدد is visible, identied by Zyg-

munt Abrahamowicz as an engraver’s mark (a separate sheet, containing the tran-

scription and comments of Abrahamowicz, is attached to the document).

On the engravings on the baysa, see notes c–d above.

DOCUMENT 65 (3 SEPTEMBER 1666)

e oath by Dedesh Agha, the Crimean envoy, taken in Warsaw

Polish copies:

A. AGAD, AKW, Dz. tat., k. 60, t. 7, no. 7.

B. Bibl. Czart., ms. 1656, pp. 718–719.

Przysięga odprawiona przez Dedesz agę, posła nowego chana, 3 septembra w

Warszawie 1666 w Pałacu Jego Królewskiej Miłości:

die [3] septembris 1666 w Warszawie w Pałacu Jego Królewskiej Miłości

odprawiona:

Ja, Dedesz

aga, przysięgam Panu Bogu Wszechmogącemu, stworzycielowi

nieba i ziemie, powietrza i morza, imieniem Chana Jego Miłości krymskiego

Adil Gieraia,

pana mego nowo na Państwo Krymskie i Perekopskie osadzo-

nego, imieniem sołtanów ichmości wszytkich, imieniem bejów, agów, mur-

zów, i wszytkich inszych

jakokolwiek nazwanych, i wszelkiej conditiej ludzi

Państwa Krymskiego i Perekopskiego, iż jako wielkiej pamięci zmarły Isłam

Gierey,

chan krymski przyjaźń swoię i całego Krymu z najjaśniejszym Królem

Jego Miłością Janem Kazimierzem, z bożej łaski polskim i szwedzkim królem,

wielkim książęciem lithewskim i całą Rzecząpospolitą, Koroną Polską i Wiel-

kim Księstwem Lithewskim,

tak swoim imieniem, jako i wszytkich Gierey

sołtanów i całego Krymu zawarł,

i onę przysięgą swoją rzetelnie wyświadczył,

którą też przyjaźń zeszły z państwa Mechmet Gieray chan także przysięgą

swą potwierdził, i onej statecznie we wszytkim dotrzymał Jego Królewskiej

Miłości i Rzeczypospolitey,

tak i teraźniejszy Adyl Gierey,

Chan Jego Miłość

krymski tejże przyjaźni ze wszytkim Krymem statecznie dotrzyma, nieprzyja-

is copy contains several omissions and errors and is mistakenly ascribed to the

year 1667.

e B. copy is headed: Przysięga Dadey agi Królowi Jego Miłości anno 1667 [sic].

B. Dodey.

B. imieniem Chana Jego Miłości, pana mego miłościwego <i> Adel Gereia.

B. innych.

B. Gerey.

B. z najjaśniejszym Królem Jego Miłością Kazimierzem, z Bożej łaski polskim i

szwedzkim, wielkim książęciem litewskim, i całą Rzecząpospolitą Korony Polskiej.

Missing in B.

B. zostawał [sic].

B. i onym przysięgę swą rzetelnie oświadczał, którą też przyjaźń niegdy z państwem

[sic] Machmet Gerey chan także przysięgą swą potwierdził, i onę dostatecznie we wszyt-

kim dotrzymał Jego Królewskiej Miłości i wszytkiej Rzeczypospolitej.

B. Adel Gerey.

document 65 (3 september 1666) 983

cielem być chcąc kożdemu nieprzyjacielowi Jego Królewskiej Miłości, Korony

Polskiej i Wielkiego Księstwa Lithewskiego, i przyjacielem przyjaciołom.

Tak

mi Boże Wszechmogący, stwórco nieba i ziemie

dopomóż!

(po uczynionej przysiędze nazajutrz Dedesz Aga odprawiony w drogę)

Translation:

[a heading on the reverse side] e oath taken by Dedesh Agha, the envoy of

the new khan, on 3 September 1666 in Warsaw, in His Royal Majesty’s Palace:

[heading] taken on [3] September 1666 in Warsaw, in His Royal Majesty’s

Palace:

I, Dedesh Agha, swear to Almighty God, the Creator of heaven and earth, air

and sea, in the name of His Majesty, the Crimean khan Adil Giray, my lord,

recently enthroned in the Crimean State,

in the name of their majesties, all the

princes [sultans], and in the name of the beys, aghas, mirzas, and all the others,

whatever their title, and the people of the Crimean State of any condition, that

as the late Islam Giray, the Crimean khan of glorious memory, entered friend-

ship on behalf of his and the whole Crimea with His illustrious Royal Majesty,

John Casimir, by the grace of God the king of Poland and Sweden, the grand

duke of Lithuania, and with the whole Commonwealth, the Polish Crown and

the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, in the name of his, all the Giray princes [sul-

tans], and the whole Crimea, and sincerely conrmed it with his oath, and as

the deposed khan, Mehmed Giray, also conrmed this friendship with his oath

and rmly observed it in all aspects towards His Royal Majesty and the Com-

monwealth, so His Majesty, the present Crimean khan, Adil Giray, will rmly

observe this friendship along with the whole Crimea, in desire to be an enemy

of every enemy of His Royal Majesty, the Polish Crown and the Grand Duchy

of Lithuania, and a friend of [their] friends. So help me Almighty God, the

Creator of heaven and earth!

[a note at the bottom] (the day aer taking his oath, Dedesh Agha was sent

back)

B. nieprzyjacielem chcąc być każdemu nieprzyjacielowi Jego Królewskiej Miłości

polskiego i całego Księstwa Litewskiego [sic].

B. nieba i ziemie, morza i powietrza.

is bottom note is entered in A.

Pol. Państwo Krymskie i Perekopskie; the adjective perekopskie derived from Pere-

kop but referred to the whole Crimean Peninsula and was synonymous with krymskie,

therefore it is not translated separately.