Леонова Л.А., Новиков В.Е. и др. Общая и неорганическая химия

~~-"-~··

TECT

5

llo)lroTOBKa

cTy)leHTOB

K JaHSJTHJO

no

TeMe:

«IiOHHbJC

paBHOBCCHfl

B

paCHIOpaX»

Bonpoc.

Kon

OTBeta

l. Pacc"'HTaTb

KOHCTaHTy

nHccouHaUHH A

UHaHOBOj!OpOj!HOii

KHCJIOTbl,

CCJIH

B

pactsope

c

KOHJ~CHTpat~Heii

0,01

Man•;"'

B

CTeTieHh

ee

J.lHCCOUHaUHH

3·10~.

c

2.

Pacc'-luTath,

no

CKOJihKO

pa3 H3MeHHT- A

Cil

CTCTICHb

).lHCCOUHal..(lm

cna6oii

KHCJ!O-

Tbl,

ecnu

ee

KOHUeHtpauwr

no3pacteT

B B

25

pa3.

3.

OueHHTh, KaKoBa 6y).leT peaKUHll

cpe-

l\bi

npH

paCTBOpeHHH B

BOJ(e

Kap6oHaTa

aMMOHHl!.

4.PaCC"'HTaTb

pH

MO"'H

"lKHBOTHOrO,

CCJIH

KOHUC!-I"rpaUHll mnpOKCHJ(-HOHOB B

HCM

pasua

5·10-

9

Mail•;""

5. Pacc'-luTaTh

KOHI~eutpauuJO

rHnpoKCHJ.l-

HOHOB

B paCTBOpe,

HMeJOmeM

pH=3.

38

c

A

B

c

A

B

c

A

B

c

0TBCT

9·10-12

3·10"

6

3·10"

9

YMCHhll!HTCll B

25

pa3

YBCJJWIHTCJI

B 5 pa3

yMeHhlliHTcil

s 5

pa.1

KHCJiall

IUCJ!O"'Ha!l

HCHTpaHhHa!l

6,0

8,2

5,7

10"

3

MOJ!h/Ji

10-

6

MOJib/:r

1

o-

11

MoJJb!n

TECT

I

fiOJI.IrOTOBI\:a

CTy)leHTOB

K

33HflTUIO

flO

TeMe:

«liytj>epHbie

paCTBOpbl»

Bonpoc

I. Pacc''IHTaTb

pH

IUCJ10"1Holf

6y<j1eprwi\

CHCTCMhl,

COCTOillUCH

113

!20

MJI

paCTBOpa

CJ1a6oro

OCHOBaHH!I

(C~0.5MOHb/,,:

pKa~4,

755)

11

I 0

MH

pacTBopa

ero

conn

(C=0,2"""b/n).

2.

Pacc•mTaTh

OTHOIUCHHC

KOHHCHTpal\HH

Ca:Cs

s

KHCJIOTHOM

6yq1epHOM pacTBope,

CCJUI

pH,=3,76

(pKa=4,76).

3.

PaCC'lHTaTb 6y(pepHyro

CMKOCTb

CHCTC-

Mbl,

CCJ111

0p11

).l06aBJieHHH K

150

Mil

6y-

(jJCpHOH

CMCCH

50

MJI

pacTBopa

KHCJIOTbl

(

C=2M

0

"\,)

3Ha•JeHHe

pH

non~>rcunoch

Ha

oj

tl.

BhrYHCJIHTb,

Ha

CKo;JbKO

yMeHbll!HTCil

pJ-1

paCTHOpa, 6y(jlepHa51

i~MKOCTh

KOTOpOrO

pasHa

0.,35

Ma'1b/"'

eCJ!H

K

200

Mil

6y(jlepa

11pl1.~l1Tb

7()

!VW

paCTBOpa

I<HCJIOTbl

(C

I /z .

0

,

1

M0>1b/;,).

S.

Onpc.L(enuTL,

J<aK

H3MeHHTC!I

pH

KW-

CJIOTHoii 6y<jlepHOH

CHCTeMhl

npH

ynemi-

YeHl111

KOHl\CHTpaHHI1

COilH

B I

0000

pa3.

39

Kon

oTse-ra

A

B

c

A

B

c

A

B

c

A

B

c

A

B

c

OTBeT

10,722

3,278

9,722

1:100

10:1

1000:1

0,666

0,333

2,2

0,2

0.35

HOHH3HTCl!

Ha 3

HOHH311TCil

Ha 4

l10BbiC11TCSI

Ha 4

111

'[,II

I

i,'lrl

II

ltl

TECT

2

llo,uroTOBK3

CTy,UCHTOB K

3aHSJHllO

110

TCMe:

«Iiy!J>epHMC

pacTBOpbl»

Bon

poe

I.

Pacc'lHTaTb

pH

KHCJIOTHOH

6y<jlepuoH

CI1CTCMbl,

COCTOllll\CH

113

70

Mil

paCTBOpa

cna6oH

KHCilOTbl (C=0,25M''"b/,,;

pKa=3,74)

H

50

MJl

paCTBOpa ee

COJlH

(C=O.J

MO.'"fn)·

2.

Pacc•IHTaTb

OTHOUlCHHC

KOHUCHTpa-

UHH

Ca:Cs

s

KHCJIOTHOM

6yq1epHoM

pac-

TBope,

CCilH

pH=J,74

(pKa=3,74).

3. Pacc•JHTaTb 6ytpepHyJO

CMKOCTb

CHC-

TCMbl,

eCJII1

npH

Jl06aBilCHHH K 2 Jl

6y-

<jlepHOH

CHCTCMbi

ISO

Mil

pacnJOpa

!llC-

IlO'll1

(C

1

/z = 3

Monb/

11

) 3Ha'!CHI1e

pH

!13-

MCHl-InOCh

Ha

0,225.

4. 8bl'li1Cill1Tb,

KaK

H3MCHI11'Cll

pH

CHCTe-

Mbl,

6yrpepHall

eMKOCTb

KOTOpOH

pasHa

0,

J25Mollbj m

CCJUI

K 4

Jl

6y<jlepa npHnHTb

200

MIT

pacTBOpa l!lCJIO'l\1

(C

1

/z=0,3M

011

"/

11

).

5.

OnpenenHTb,

KaK

H3MCHHTCll

pH

IUe-

no'tHOH 6y<pepHOH

CHCTCMbl

npH

yBeJJH·

'lCHI111

KOHUCHTpaUHH

OCHOBaHHll

B

10

pa3

11

)'MCHblllCHHH KOHUCHTpaUHH

COJIH

B

100

pa1.

40

Kon

OTBeTa

Or

BeT

A

7.2

B

10.,8

c

3,2

A

100:1

B

1:1000

c

1:1

A

B

2

c

0,112

A

rt0HI13HTC5!

Ha 0,12

B

rt0Hl13!1TCH

Ha

0,48

C llOBb!CHTCl! Ha 0,12

A

riOBb!CHTCll Ha 3

B

noBhiCHTCll Ha I

c

110H113!1TCH

Ha

3

TECT

3

fiO)lrOTOBKa

CTYACHTOB K

33HSITHlO

110

TeMe:

«Iiy«<JepHble

pacTBOphl»

Bonpoc

I.

Pacc•mraTb

pH

meno•moii

6y<J>epHOH

CHCTCMbJ,

COCTOllU~CH

113

501)

MJI

paCTBOpa

CJia60rO

OCHOBaHHll

(C=0,2M0.%/

11

;

pKa=4,

76)

11

250

Mn

pacTnopa

ero

cOJUJ

(C=-~=0,

1 \toJTo/,1).

2.

PaCC'II1TaTb

OTHOUJCHHC

KOHUCHTpaUI1H

Cs:Cs

B

uwno'IHOM

6y¢epHoM

pacTsope,

CCJIII

pl!=Jl,24

(pKs=

4,76).

3.

PaCC'lHTaTb 6yqJepHyJO

CMKOCTb

CHCTCMbl

·cCJJI1

npu

lto6aB;lCHHI1 K I

,5

JJ

6y<pepHOH

CMCCH

W~KOTOpOrO

06beMa

paCTBOpa

r11.Llp0-

KCH)la

KaJJHll,

co.uepJKamero

1,2

MOJtb

JKBH·

BaJJeHTa

U!eJlO'll1, ee

pH

YBCHWIHJ!Cll Ha

0,4.

4.

BLI'lHCJIHTb, KaK H3MeHHTCll

pH

CHCTCMLI,

6y<jlepH3ill

CMKOCTb

KOTOpOH

paBHa 0,8MOIIbj"'

~~CJIH

K

2,5

;1

6yrp~pa

npH11HTL

200

MJl

paC-

TBOpa

KHCJIOTLI

(C

1

/z =

2,4

'"

0

"b/,,).

5.

Onpenc,mTL,

KaK

113MeHHTOI

pH

K11-

cnoTHoi1 C·y<!JepHoii

Cl1CTCMbi

npu

yMeHb-

UleHHH KOdUCHTpaUI1!1

KI1CJ10Tbl

B

\00

pa3

il

rtp11

yaeJIH'ICHI111

KOHUCHTpaUHH

COJ111

B

iO

pa.'3.

41

Kon

oTBeTa

A

B

c

A

B

c

A

B

c

A

B

c

A

B

c

OTBCT

4,16

9,84

8,16

100:1

10000:1

I

:1000

0,8

3

2

0,24

0,8

0,192

noBLICHTCll

ua

I

fiOBblCHTCll Ha 3

nOHI1311TCll

Ha I

TECT

4

IIOLifOTOBK3

CTYLICHTOB

K

33HSITHKl

no

TeMe:

«liy«J>epHbiC

paCTBOpbm

Bonpoc

Ko;1 oTsera

I.

Pacc'lHTUTb

pH

weno'IHOH

6yq>epHol1

A

CI1CTCMbl,

COCTOS!UleH

!13

!50

MJI

padraopa

CJla6oi1

KHCJIOTbl

(C=0,2"

0

"•/n;

pKa=4,2)

l1

8

I 0

MJI

paCTBOpa

ec

COJIH

(C=0,4

MOnb;

n)·

2.

PaCC411TUTb

OTHOWeHHe

KOHUeHTpUU11ll

Ca:Cs a

KHCJJOTHOM

6yq>epHOM

pacTaope,

CCJIH

pH=5,35

(pKa=6,35).

3.

PaccYHTaTb 6y(pcpHyJO

eMKOCTb

cHcTe-

Mbi,

CCJII1

np11

.1\06aaneHHI1

K

400

MJI

6y-

(pepHOll

CMCCI1

120

MJI

paCTBOpa

KHCJIOTbl

(C

1

/z =1,25 '

10

''"/")

3HU'lCHHC

pH

yMeHb-

lllHJIOCb

HU

0,25.

4.

8bi411CJIHTb,

I<UK

113MeHI1TOI

pH

CMCCH,

6y<l>epHall

CMI<OCTb

KOTOpOll

paaHa

0,375"

0

''./n, ecnw K 2 n

ee

npHJJHTb

I

00

MJI

pacTaopa weno'JH

(C

1

/z =1,5

Mon•/,,).

5.

OnpenenHTb,

KaK

H3MCHHTC)I

pH

u~e

JJO'IHOH

6ycpepHOH

CI1CTCMbl

np11

yMeHb·

JllCH1111

KOHUCHTpaUHYI

OCHOBUHI151

B I 00

pU3,

a

KOHUCHTpaUI111

COJJH

8 I 0

pa:~.

42

c

A

B

c

A

B

c

A

8

c

A

B

c

OTEII~T

3,325

10,675

7,154

1:1

1:10

10:1

0,375

0,6

1,5

riOBbiCI1TC:ll

HU

0,2

nOHl1311TCJ!

HU

0,4

nOBbiCHTCll

HU

0,4

riOBbiCHTC:ll

HU

3

riOH!13HTCll

HU

]

riOHH311TCl!

HU

3

TECT

5

IJO)li"OTOBK3

CTYLICHTOB

K

33HSITIHO

no

TeMe:

<<liy«J>epHbiC

paCTBOpbi»

8onpoc.

I.

PaccY!HUTb

pH

KHCJlOTHol1

6ycpepHoi1

CHCTeMhl,

COCT051UleH

113

paCTBOpOB

.1\BYX

concPJ,

O!J,Ha

H3

KOTOpblX

BbinOJIH)IeT

pO!lb

c;m6ol1

f:I-lCJJOTbi

(Ca=0,6M

0

"'/n:

pKa=6,81).

Kom.(eHrpaUHll ,1pyrol1 conw C'=0,3"

0

·""/".

2.

PaCC'li1TUTb

OTHOJlletme

KOHL.(eHTpaU11ll

Cs:Cs

s weno'lHOM

6y<jJepHOM

pacTsope,

CCJIH

pf-l'=8,24

(pKs=4,76).

3.

PacC411TaTb

6y<jJepHyKl

eMKOCTb

cl1cTe-

Mbi,

ecnH

np11

no6asnemu1 K 800 Mil 6y<jle-

pa

100

M.1

paCTBOpa

ll.(t:JIO<JI1

(C

1

/z

=2M

0

"'/,)

·ma•IeHHC

pH

nOBb!CIH!OCh

C 5

.[\0

5,5.

4.

8bi4HCJIHTb,

KUK

113MeHHTC51

pH

CHCTe-

Mhl,

6y<jJepHUll

CMKOCTb

KOTOpOH

pasHa

0,4M

0

.""/m

ecJ111

K 500 Mil 6y<jlepa

np11nHTh

I 00

MJJ

pacTsopa

KHCnOThi

(C

1

/z

=2M"-'"/,).

5.

Onpe,leJJHTb,

KaK

113MeH11TCll

pH

me-

JJO'!Hol1

6y¢epHOH

CHC:TCMhl

np11

YMCHh··

Il!CHHH

KOIIUCHTpaUHH

OCHOBUH11ll

B I 000

pa3

11

yHeJI!14CHl1!1

KOHUeHTpUI.\HH

COJ111

B

10

pa3.

43

Kon,

OTBeTa.

A

B

c

A

8

c

A

B

c

A

B

c

A

B

c

OTBeT.

10,51

6,51

7,49

I :10

10:1

1000:1

0,25

0,4

0,5

nOBbiCHTCll

Ha

1

f!OHH3!1TCll

Ha

l

nOHI1311TCll

1-Ia

0,5

fiOHI1311TCll

HU

3

nOBbiCHTCll

HU

2

nOHI1311TCH

HU

4

l'j

iii

II

.!_li

l'l

:,·IJ.l

II''

,r[

IY

TECT

1

00,'IrOTOBKa

CTy,'leHTOB

K

JaHHTIIIO

no

TeMt':

«KoMnJJettcoo6paJOBaHHe»

8onpoc

1.

Y Ka3aTI> npaBI-!IlbHOC Ha3BaHI1C

KO~WJlCKCHOf'O

K

2

[8eF4].

COC,'111HCH11ll

2.

KaKHM

CTaHe-r

3ap»ll

KOtvmrreKc-

Horo

110Ha

[Cu(C

2

0

4

h]

2

-

np11

flOJIHOH 3aMCHC Jll1faH!10B

Ha

aMMHaK?

3.

YKa3aTb

<r11crro

aTOMOB

xrropa,

KOTOpbiC

MOryT

nepCHTH B

OCS.'IOK

npH

np116asrreHHJ1 K

pacTBopy

KOM!J,~CKCHOf'O

COC1\11HCHI1ll

CoCl

3

·5NH

3

1136biTKa

HHrpara

cepe6pa.

4.

flp11/ICHCTBHJ-I

Ha

paCTBOp

COJ111

cocrasa

PtBr

2

S0

4

-4'NH

3

xrropHna

6ap11ll Bb!lJa,'laCT 6CJlbiH OCa,'IOK.

0npC,'ICJli1Tb

CTpOCHI1C

KOMITJlCKC-

HOf'O

COC,llHHCH11H.

5,

OnpenerrHTb,

6y;1er

HH

rrpo11c-

xo)lHTb

pa3pyWCHHC

KOMITJlCKCHO-

f'O HOHa

[Ag(NH

3

)zj"'

rrpH

,ll06as-

JlCHHf1

H36biTKa

pacraopa

KCN,

CCJlH

KOHCTaHTbl

HCCTOHKOCTI1

,'IJlll

[Ag(NH

3

hJ"'

-6,8

·1

o-

8

•

a

nrrll

[Ag(CNhr-

10"

21

Kon

OTBCTa:

A

8

c

A

8

c

A

8

c

A

8

c

A

8

c

44

0TRCT

Te:-rparJnop6epHJJJWT

J<aiCHll

KaHHH-

Te-rpaqnopo6epHnnaT

TeTparinop6epH:IHi1

~:anHll

2-

2+

4+

3

2

[PtBr

2

(NH

3

)

4

]S0

4

[PtS0

4

(NH

3

)4]Br

2

[PtS0

4

8r

2

]

(NH3)4

na

HCT

'IaCTH'1HO

TECT

2

IlO]lf"OTOBKa

CTy,UeHTOB

K

3aHHTHIO

no

TeMe:

«KoMnJie~coo6pa3oaaHHe»

Bon

poe

1 . Y Ka'J<rrb npaBHJlbHOe

na:ma-

IHit:

K0.\1fl.lCKCHOf'O COC,'IHHC-

lll1i!

[Zn(N

I 1

3

)

4

]Cl

2

.

2.

KaKHM

CTaHe:T

3aplll.l

KOM-

riJlCKCHOf'O HOHa

(Ti(H

2

0)

6

]

4

+

11p11

no;UIOH

3aMCHC Jll-1f'aH!lOB

Ha

N0

1

-?

3.

Pacc•IJ.1TaTb '"mc;w aTOMOB

xnopa.,

KOTOpbiC

Moryr

nepei-1-

·r

11

s

ocanoK

npH

np116asneHHH

J<

paCTBopy

KOMriJlCKCHDf'O

COC,lli1HCHHJI

PtCJ2·2NJ-I3

H3·

6biTKa

HJ-rrpaTa c•epe6pa.

4.

flpu

.ndiCTBHH

HHTpaTa

CC-

pe6pa

Ha KDMriJll!KCHOC

COC,[\11·

HCH11C

COCTaBa

2J<I-Ptl

4

OCS.lOK

He Bbr::laJtaer.

OnpenenHTb

CTpOCJII1e KOMriJICKCHOf'O

CO-

C)(HHCHHH.

ll.

Onpenem1Tb,

6y,llCT

,1!1

pa1p)'IllaTbCi!

KOM!JJlCKCHblH

110H

[

Ag(S

2

0

3

)

2

]

3

-

np11

,"(06aBJlCHl1H !136biTKa

L(l1aliHCTDr0 KaJ1l1i!,

CCIIH

KDH-

<;TaHTbl

HCCTOHKOCTH

iUlll

[

Ag(S

2

0

3

);J

3

- -

10"

13

, a ;l-1ll

[Ag(C'\J)

2

f'-l0-

21

.

Ko,11

OTBCTa

0TBCT

A

TCTpaaMMl1HUI-1HK (!I)

xnopHJ(

8

X:HOpH,ll

TCT!)il3MMHHl\l1HKa (JI)

C

XJJOpHJ~

TCTpaaMMHHOUH!lKa

A

2-

B

2+

c

4-

A

2

B

c

0

A

K

2

[Pti6]

8

I<dPtl

2

]14

c

Kz[Pti4]Iz

A

na

B

llCT

c

LiaCTHYHO

45

TECT

3

JlOAfOTOB~a

CTyAeHTOB K 33HSITHIO

no

TeMe:

«KoMn.JleKcoo6pa3osarHHe»

Bonpoc

KoJJ,

OTBeTa

OTBeT

l.YKaJaTb

npaBHJlhHOe Ha3Ba- A

Tp11xnopaMJY111HnnaTI1HaT

(IV)

KaJJHll

HI'IC

KOMfiJICKCHOfO

COC.lli1HC-

HHll

K[PtCI

3

(NH

3

)].

B

aMMHHTpHxnopnnanmaT

(IV)

KaJJHll

C Kamli1

Tp11XJ10paMM11HOI1JlilTH!la

(IV)

2.

KaKHM cTaHeT 3apll.ll

KOM-

A 3-

nneKCHoro

HOHa

[Ni(CN)

4

f-

np11

IIOJIHOH

3aMeHe

JIHI'aH.!IOB

B 2+

Ha

CO?

3. Pacc'liJTaTb Lmcno cy!Ibcpa-

THOHOB,

KOTOpb!C

BblllUJlYT B

OCMOK

np11

np116asneH1111

K

paCTBOpy

KOM!1JieKCHOi1

COJII1

cocrasa

K

2

S04"Al

2

(S04)3

113-

6biTKa

XnOp11.Lla

6apm1.

4. B

pacTsope

KOMnneKcHoe

COC.lll1HCHI1C

COCTaBa

AgCN·KCN

.llHCCOUHHpyc-r Ha

llBa

HOHa.

Onpe.IIeJIHTb CTpoe-

HJ.Ire

KOMfiJlCKCHOfO

COC.lli1HC·

.!Will.

5. Onpe.nenl1Tb, 6y.nc-r

n11

pa3-

pywaTbCll

KOMilJlCKCHbiH

110H

(Cd(CN)

4

]

2

-

npll

Ll06asneHHI1

H36biTKa po.naHH.IIa HaTpllll,

CC.Jill

KOHCTaHThl

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Леонова Л.А., Новиков В.Е. и др. Общая и неорганическая химия

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