Masalha Nur. Imperial Israel and the Palestinians: The Politics of Expansion
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86. Shiloah, Eretz Gdolah Le’am Gadol, p. 102.
87. Ibid., p. 104; Shiloah, Ashmat Yerushalayim, p. 8.
88. Shiloah, Eretz Gdolah Le’am Gadol, p. 105.
89. Shiloah, Ashmat Yerushalayim, p. 196.
90. Tzvi Shiloah, Zot Haaretz, No. 202, 16 April 1976.
91. All these are biblical names for places situated in the modern state of
Jordan.
92. Shiloah, Eretz Gdolah Le’am Gadol, p. 115.
93. See Joshua Brilliant in the Jerusalem Post, 23 February 1988.
94. Shiloah, Ashmat Yerushalayim, pp. 264–65.
95. See Moledet, No. 12 (October 1989), p. 11.
96. Shiloah, Ashmat Yerushalayim, p. 266.
97. Moledet, No. 12 (October 1989), pp. 10–11.
98. Moledet, No. 8 (June 1989), p. 12.
99. Amnon Rubinstein, The Zionist Dream Revisited: From Herzl to Gush
Emunim and Back (New York: Schocken Books, 1984), pp. 99–100.
NOTES TO CHAPTER TWO
1. The full name of the Revisionist party was ‘Union of Zionists-
Revisionists – HaTzohar’.
2. Bernard Wasserstein, ‘The British Mandate in Palestine: Myths and
Realities’, Middle Eastern Lectures (Tel Aviv: Moshe Dayan Centre, 1995),
pp. 31–32.
3. Mordechai Nisan, ‘The Middle East between History and Reality’,
Middle East Focus 8, No. 6 (1986), p. 20; Paul Riebenfeld, ‘The Integrity
of Palestine’, Midstream 21, No. 7 (1975), p. 8; William Ziff, The Rape of
Palestine (New York: Longmans Green, 1938), pp. 98–9; Joan Peters,
From Time Immemorial (New York: Harper and Row, 1984), p. 239.
4. Quoted in Lenni Brenner, The Iron Wall: Zionist Revisionism from
Jabotinsky to Shamir (London: Zed Books, 1984), pp. 74–75.
5. Simha Flapan, The Birth of Israel: Myths and Realities (New York:
Pantheon Books, 1987), pp. 36–37.
6. For further discussion of Jabotinsky’s strategy, see Joseph Schechtman,
The Jabotinsky Story: Fighter and Prophet (New York: Thomas Yoseloff,
1956), p. 324. See also The Israel Shahak Papers, No. 31, ‘Collection on
Jabotinsky: His Life and Excerpts from his Writings’, p. 16.
7. Cited in Yossi Melman and Dan Raviv, ‘Expelling Palestinians’,
Washington Post, Outlook section, 7 February 1988.
8. Ya’acov Shavit, Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Movement 1925–1948
(London: Frank Cass, 1988), p. 264.
9. Cited in Ya’acov Shavit, ‘The Attitude of Zionist Revisionism towards
the Arabs’, in Zionism and the Arab Question (in Hebrew), (Jerusalem:
Zalman Shazar Centre, 1979), p. 74.
10. See Joseph Schechtman, Rebel and Statesman: The Vladimir Jabotinsky
Story, The Early Years (New York: Thomas Yoseloff, 1956), p. 54.
11. Colin Shindler, Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream (London: I.B. Tauris,
1995) p. 15.
236 Imperial Israel and the Palestinians
12. Ibid., p. 177.
13. Brenner, The Iron Wall, pp. 194–199.
14. Cited in Amos Perlmutter, The Life and Times of Menachem Begin (New
York: Doubleday and Company, 1987), p. 212.
15. Cited in Yosef Heller, ‘Between Messianism and Realpolitik – Lehi and
the Arab Question, 1940–1947’, in Israel Gutman (ed.), Yahdut
Zemanenu [Contemporary Jewry], A Research Annual, Vol. 1, 1984,
p. 225.
16. Shindler, Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream, p. xviii.
17. Quoted in ibid., p. 176.
18. Quoted in Emmanuel Katz, Lechi: Fighters for the Freedom of Israel (Tel
Aviv: Lechi Memorial Committee and Yair Publishers, 1987),
pp. 18–19.
19. Lohamei Herut Yisrael (Lehi), Ketavim [Writings], Vol. 2 (Tel Aviv,
1960), p. 581; Ketavim, Vol. 1 (Tel Aviv, 1959), pp. 27–28; Heller,
‘Between Messianism and Realpolitik’, pp. 204–207 and 237–39.
20. Quoted in Shavit, Jabotinsky and the Revisionist Movement, p. 267.
21. Samuel Katz, Days of Fire (London: W.H. Allen, 1968), pp. 31–37.
22. Benny Morris, The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem, 1947–1949
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987), pp. 113–115.
23. Quoted in Joseph Heller, The Stern Gang: Ideology, Politics and Terror,
1940–1949 (London: Frank Cass, 1995), p. 209.
24. Published in New York by W.W. Norton & Company, 1943.
25. Masalha, Expulsion of the Palestinians: The Concept of ‘Transfer’ in Zionist
Political Thought, 1882–1948 (Washington, DC: Institute for Palestine
Studies, 1992), pp. 162–64.
26. Eliahu Ben-Horin, The Middle East: Crossroads of History (New York:
W.W. Norton & Company, 1943), pp. 230–31.
27. Ibid., pp. 232–34.
28. Ibid.
29. Ben-Horin’s file, A 300/54, CZA.
30. Ibid.
31. I first came across the manuscript of Schechtman’s ‘study’ in Weitz’s
Papers, at the Institute for Settlement Studies, Rehovot, in 1989. In
1993 I saw a copy of the same manuscript in Weitz’s Papers, in the
Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem.
32. Joseph Schechtman, ‘The Case for Arab–Jewish Exchange of
Population’, manuscript in Weitz’s Papers, Institute for Settlement
Study, Rehovot, pp. 75–6.
33. Ibid., p. 103.
34. For further discussion of Ben-Horin’s plan of transfer to Iraq, 1943–48,
see Masalha, Expulsion of the Palestinians, pp. 161–65; Ben-Horin,
Crossroads of History, pp. 224–37.
35. Masalha, Expulsion of the Palestinians, pp. 162–64.
36. Schechtman, ‘The Case for Arab–Jewish Exchange of Population’,
p. 156.
37. Joseph Schechtman, New York, to Eliyahu Epstein, Washington DC,
letter dated 20 May 1948, in Jabotinsky Institute, Schechtman’s Papers,
F. 2/10/227.
Notes 237
38. Ibid., pp. 103–104.
39. Ibid., p. 158.
40. Ibid., pp. 160–61.
41. Ibid., p. 163.
42. From Arthur Lourie, Consulate General of Israel, New York, to Moshe
Shertok (Sharett), Foreign Minister, letter dated 15 October 1948, in
Israel State Archives (ISA), Foreign Ministry, 2402/15.
43. From Joseph B. Schechtman to ‘Ezra Danin, Israeli Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, letter dated 7 December 1948, in Jabotinsky Institute,
Schechtman’s Papers, file F. 2/10/227.
44. Moshe Shertok, Paris, to Dr Schechtman, New York, letter dated 17
December 1948, Foreign Ministry, 2402/15.
45. For further discussion of Norman’s plan, see Masalha, Expulsion of the
Palestinians, pp. 141–55; Moshe Shertok, Paris, to Edward Norman,
letter dated 17 December 1948, Foreign Ministry, 2402/15.
46. Ibid., p. 164.
47. Epstein to Schechtman, letter dated 18 May 1948, in Jabotinsky
Institute, Schechtman’s Papers, F. 1/10/227.
48. Edward Norman, to Foreign Minister Moshe Shertok, letter dated 24
December 1948, Foreign Ministry, 2402/15.
49. Joseph B. Schechtman, Population Transfers in Asia (New York: Hallsby
Press, 1949), pp. 84–145.
50. Joseph B. Schechtman, The Arab Refugee Problem (New York: Philo-
sophical Library, 1952).
51. Schechtman’s letter to Hoover, dated 9 April 1949, in Jabotinsky
Institute, Schechtman’s Papers, File F. 1/11/227.
52. Perlmutter, The Life and Times of Menachem Begin, p. 24.
53. Eric Silver, Begin: A Biography (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson,
1984), p. 12.
54. Divrie Haknesset [Knesset Debates], Vol. 1, p. 65, 3 August 1949.
55. Ibid., p. 107, 3 September 1949.
56. Divrei Haknesset, 3 May 1950.
57. Herut, 2 April 1954; Sasson Sofer, Begin: An Anatomy of Leadership
(Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988), p.225.
58. Jewish Herald (Johannesburg), 26 April 1957.
59. Quoted in Shindler, Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream, p. 57.
60. Silver, Begin, p. 138.
61. See Moshe Dotan ‘Rov ‘Ivri Ketzad?’ [A Hebrew Majority How?],
Haumah, No. 2 (November 1967), pp. 242–49.
62. Ibid., p. 244.
63. Ibid., p. 243.
64. Ibid., pp. 245–46.
65. Ibid., pp. 246–47.
66. Ibid., pp. 246 and 248.
67. Ibid., pp. 248, 249 and 242.
68. Moshe Dotan, ‘Ye’odenu Haleumi Bazmam Hahadsh’, [Our National
Mission in the Contemporary Time], Haumah, No. 1 (May 1981), p. 39.
69. Shindler, Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream, p. xvii.
238 Imperial Israel and the Palestinians
70. Jimmy Carter, The Blood of Abraham (Boston: Houghton Mifflin
Company, 1985), p. 42.
71. Silver, Begin, p. 160.
72. Ian Lustick, For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel
(New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1988), p. 47.
73. Ibid., p. 40.
74. David Neuman, Population, Settlement and Conflict: Israel and the West
Bank (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 21 and 34.
75. See ‘Settlement Monitor’, Journal of Palestine Studies, 91 (Spring 1994),
p. 127.
76. See ‘Excerpts from Israel Foreign Minister’s Speech’, in New York Times,
6 October 1981, p. 10. See also Yitzhak Shamir, ‘Israel’s Role in a
Changing Middle East’, Foreign Affairs 60 (Spring 1982), p. 791.
77. Shindler, Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream, p. 221.
78. Ibid., p. 187.
79. Ibid., p. xviii.
80. Yitzhak Rabin wrote a hard-line article in Yedi’ot Aharonot on 28
February 1992 stating that he would keep at least half of the occupied
territories under Israel’s control, and would step up the settlement
drive in the Golan Heights. However, he added that he would oppose
‘politically motivated’ settlements in the West Bank. Cited by Haim
Baram, in Middle East International, No. 420, 6 March 1992, p. 6.
81. David Hirst, The Gun and the Olive Branch (London: Faber and Faber,
2nd edn, 1984), p. 398.
82. Cited in Elfi Pallis, ‘The Likud Party: A Primer’, Journal of Palestine
Studies 21, No. 2 (Winter 1992), pp. 42–43.
83. Ibid., p. 43.
84. Quoted in Ian Lustick, ‘The Fetish of Jerusalem: A Hegemonic Analysis’,
in Michael Barnett (ed.), Israel in Comparative Perspective (New York:
State University of New York Press, 1996), p. 144.
85. See Danny Rubinstein in Davar, 26 January 1979, p. 17; Noam
Chomsky, Fateful Triangle (London: Pluto Press, 1983), pp. 48–49.
86. See Yossi Melman and Dan Raviv, ‘Expelling Palestinians’, Washington
Post, Outlook section, 7 February 1988.
87. Cited in Tzvi Shiloah, Ashmat Yerushalayim [The Guilt of Jerusalem]
(Tel Aviv: Karni Press, 1989), p. 188.
88. Moshe Yegar, ‘Hatziyonut, Medinat Yisrael Vehashelah Ha’arvit’,
[Zionism, the State of Israel and the Arab Question], Haumah, No. 2,
May 1979, pp. 177–85.
89. Ibid., pp. 184–85. On 14 October 1983, the writer Moshe Shamir (a co-
founder of the Whole Land of Israel movement) wrote in praise of
Schwadron’s maximalist views and advocacy of Arab transfer. See
Moshe Shamir, Hamakom Hayarok [The Green Place] (Tel Aviv: Dvir
Publishing House, 1991), pp. 95–99.
90. Holger H. Herwig, ‘Geopolitik: Haushofer, Hitler and Lebensraum’,
Journal of Strategic Studies 22, Nos 2/3 (June/September 1999),
pp. 218–41.
91. Samuel Katz, Battleground: Fact and Fantasy in Palestine (London: W.H.
Allen, 1973), p. 205; Michael Palumbo, Imperial Israel (London:
Notes 239
Bloomsbury, 1990), p. 130; Herwig, ‘Geopolitik: Haushofer, Hitler and
Lebensraum’, pp. 218–41.
92. Katz, Battleground, p. 224.
93. Haumah, Summer 1989, cited in Moledet, No. 11, September 1989,
p. 11.
94. See Shiloah, Ashmat Yerushalayim, p. 8.
95. Shlomo Lev-’Ami, Haim Hatziyonut Nikhshelah [Did Zionism Fail?], (Tel
Aviv: ‘Ami Press, 1988).
96. Ibid., p. 298.
97. Ibid., pp. 298–99.
98. Robert Friedman, ‘Hagai Lev – Revisionist’, Present Tense, Autumn 1982,
p. 20, quoted in Brenner, The Iron Wall, p. 176.
99. Shindler, Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream, p. xviii.
100. Cited in Ilan Peleg, Begin’s Foreign Policy (New York: Greenwood Press,
1987), p. 173.
101. Amos Perlmutter, ‘Begin’s Rhetoric and Sharon’s Tactics’, Foreign
Affairs, Fall 1982.
102. Amos Perlmutter, New York Times, 17 May 1982.
103. Reported in the Hebrew press on 18 July 1988, quoted in Israel Shahak,
‘A History of the Concept of Transfer in Zionism’, Journal of Palestine
Studies 18, No. 3 (Spring 1989), p. 32.
104. Harold H. Saunders, ‘An Israeli–Palestinian Peace’, Foreign Affairs, Fall
1982.
105. See, for instance, Meron Benvenisti, The West Bank Data Project: A
survey of Israel’s Policies (Washington, DC: American Enterprise
Institute, 1984). Already in 1982 Benvenisti had argued that Israel’s
policies of settlement, land seizure and resource control had laid the
basis for a virtual annexation of the West Bank, which may well be
irreversible. See David Richardson in The Jerusalem Post, 10 September
1982.
106. Mattityahu Peled in Middle East International, 14 August 1981.
107. The Jerusalem Post, 10 September 1982.
108. Ma’ariv, cited in International Herald Tribune, 26 January 1981.
109. Cited in Haaretz, 23 May 1980, p. 5.
110. Arieh Ya’ari, ‘Irreversible Annexation?’, New Outlook 27, No. 5 (May
1984), p. 18.
111. Avishai, The Tragedy of Zionism (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux,
1985), p. 298. See also Yossi Melman and Dan Raviv, ‘A Final solution
to the Palestinian Problem’, Guardian Weekly, 21 February 1988.
112. ’Al-Hamishmar, 16 April 1982.
113. See Amos Wollin in Middle East International, 23 April 1982, pp. 3–4.
114. BBC: ME/6025/A2.
115. See Yossi Melman and Dan Raviv, ‘Expelling Palestinians’, Washington
Post, Outlook section, 7 February 1988.
116. Quoted after Ian Lustick, Arabs in the Jewish State (Austin: University of
Texas Press, 1980), p. 258.
117. David Bernstein (reporting from Jerusalem), ‘Forcible removal of Arabs
gaining support in Israel’, The Times (London), 24 August 1988, p. 7.
240 Imperial Israel and the Palestinians
118. Melman and Raviv, ‘Expelling Palestinians’, Jerusalem Post, 25
December 1987, p. 6 and 23 February 1988.
119. Ma’ariv, 23 June 1989.
120. Ma’ariv, 18 September 1979, pp. 1 and 15.
121. Cited in Meir Kahane, Lesikim Be’enekhem [They Shall be Strings in Your
Eyes] (Jerusalem: Hamakhon Lara’ayon Hayehudi, 1980/1981), p. 230.
122. See Yosef Harif in Ma’ariv, 8 December 1976.
122. Divrei Haknesset, 19 May 1976, p. 2677.
123. David Shipler, New York Times, 4 April 1983, citing Meir Cohen-
Avidov’s remarks; also Nisan, Hamedinah Hayehudit Vehabe’ayah
Ha’arvit [The Jewish State and the Arab Problem] (Tel Aviv: Hadar,
1986), p. 119.
124. Cited in Jewish Post and Opinion, 30 March 1983.
125. Cited by Eliakim Ha’etzni, a Tehiya Party MK, in Yair Kotler, Heil
Kahane (New York: Adama Books, 1986), p. 173.
126. See Zeev Schiff and Ehud Ya’ari, Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising –
Israel’s Third Front (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), p. 95; Benny
Morris, Jerusalem Post International, 3 October 1987; Arie Haskel
(reporting from Jerusalem), Observer (London), 12 June 1988, p. 22;
David Bernstein (reporting from Jerusalem), ‘Forcible removal of Arabs
gaining support in Israel’, The Times (London), 24 August 1988, p. 7.
127. See Yair Kotler in Ma’ariv, 8 October 1982, p. 19.
128. See Dan Leon in New Outlook, December 1990–January 1991, p. 46.
129. See Melman and Raviv, ‘Expelling Palestinians’.
130. Ma’ariv, 23 June 1989.
131. Netanyahu was also quoted by the weekend paper Hotam as saying:
‘Israel should have exploited the repression of the demonstrations in
China, when world attention focused on that country, to carry out
mass expulsions amongst the Arabs of the territories. Regrettably, there
was not support for this policy, which I put forward then and still
recommend.’ Cited in Elfi Pallis, ‘The Likud Party: A Primer’, in Journal
of Palestine Studies 21, No. 2 (Winter 1992), p. 57. Interestingly,
Netanyahu’s father used to edit the right-wing daily Yarden, which in
recent years carried a number of articles in favour of transfer.
132. See Joshua Brilliant, Jerusalem Post, 23 February 1988.
133. Kotler, Heil Kahane, pp. 88–89.
134. Ibid., p. 89. Kotler adds: ‘This was later confirmed for me by one of Mrs
Meir’s spokesmen from that period.’ Both Haaretz and Yedi’ot Aharonot
reported on 25 October 1972 that Golda Meir once said that she could
not sleep at night and was kept awake by the thought of all the Arab
babies who were being born at that time.
135. See Yedi’ot Aharonot, 3 February 1991. Subsequently, Pappo published
several articles in Yedi’ot Aharonot calling for the imposition of
collective punishment on the Palestinians and the expulsion of their
leaders. See Yedi’ot Aharonot, 22 April 1990 and 17 June 1990. Other
Likud activists, such as Shim’on Gur, a member of the Herut Centre,
and Eli Lopaz, the secretary of the Likud branch in the town of Holon,
voiced openly their support for the ‘transfer’ solution of Moledet. See
Moledet, No. 30, April 1991, pp. 13–14. Yedi’ot Aharonot also published
Notes 241
on 15 February 1991 another article in support of transfer written by
Eliahu ’Amikam, a well-known journalist, former member of Lehi and
supporter of Greater Israel.
136. Quoted in Nabeel Abraham, ‘Making Israel’s War Plans Disappear’, Lies
of our Times (New York), Vol. 1, No. 2 (November 1990), p. 20.
137. See Ian Black in the Guardian, 2 February 1991.
138. Shindler, Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream, p. 262.
139. ’Oded Yinon, ‘A Strategy for Israel in the 1980s’, Kivunim, (Jerusalem),
No. 8 (February 1982), pp. 53–58 (in Hebrew).
140. Yehoshafat Harkabi, Hakhra’ot Goraliyot [Fateful Decisions] (Tel Aviv:
’Am ’Oved, 1986), pp. 74–75.
141. Quoted in Vince Beiser, ‘Fear of a New 1948: Palestinian Reactions to
Soviet Jewish Immigration’, New Outlook (December 1990/January
1991), pp. 18–19. The large-scale immigration of Soviet Jews raises the
question whether this immigration will alter radically the demographic
make-up of Israel and the occupied territories. Professor Sergio Della
Pergola, a specialist in Jewish demography at Hebrew University, wrote
in early 1991 that every group of 100,000 new (net) Jewish immigrants
may result in a postponement of one year in the expected date when
Arabs and Jews in Israel and the occupied territories reach a numerical
balance of 50 per cent each. With half a million immigrants, this date
might be in 2020; with one million, in 2025; and with one and a half
in 2030. Sergio Della Pergola, ‘Demography in Perspective’, New
Outlook (December 1990/ January 1991), p. 27.
142. Reserve General Aharon Yariv, a former Chief of Army Intelligence and
now head of the Institute for Strategic Studies in Tel Aviv, is a typical
‘demographic dove’. See interview with Yariv in Ma’ariv, 13 February
1987.
143. Quoted in Palumbo, Imperial Israel, p. 303.
144. Ibid., p. 304.
145. Cited in Julian Borger, ‘Frontier spirit thrives in little Russia’, the
Guardian, 7 April 1998, p. 11
146. Ibid.
147. Cited in the Guardian, 7 April 1998, p. 11.
148. Ibid.
149. Shindler, Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream, pp. 221–22.
150. Ibid., p. 223.
151. Ibid., p. 288.
152. Ibid., p. 284.
153. Ibid., pp. 285 and 288.
154. Quoted in Shyam Bhatia, ‘Israel to squeeze Arabs from holy city’, The
Observer, 9 June 1996, p. 19.
NOTES TO CHAPTER THREE
1. Ian Lustick, For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israel
(New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1988), pp. ix, 12–16, 153.
242 Imperial Israel and the Palestinians
2. Ian Lustick, ‘Israel’s Dangerous Fundamentalists’, Foreign Policy, Fall
1987, pp. 118–39.
3. Ibid., p. 127.
4. Yosef Gorny, The State of Israel in Jewish Public Thought (London:
Macmillan, 1994), p. 150.
5. Ehud Sprinzak, The Ascendance of Israel’s Radical Right (Oxford and New
York: Oxford University Press, 1991), p. 113.
6. Lustick, For the Land and the Lord, p. 107.
7. David Shaham, Yedi’ot Aharonot supplement, 13 April 1979, cited in
Donald S. Will, ‘Zionist Settlement Policy’, Journal of Palestine Studies
11, No. 3 (Summer 1979), p. 40.
8. Yehuda Elitzur, ‘The Borders of Eretz Israel in the Jewish Tradition’, in
Avner Tomaschoff (ed.), Whose Homeland (Jerusalem: The World
Zionist Organization, 1978), pp. 42–53.
9. Shindler, Colin, Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream (London: I.B. Tauris,
1995), p. 155.
10. Yehuda Elitzur, ‘Is Lebanon also the Land of Israel?’, Nekudah, No. 48
(no date), pp. 10–13, cited in Lustick, For the Land and the Lord, p. 107.
11. Ma’ariv, 3 October 1982.
12. Ma’ariv, 18 March 1983.
13. Nekudah, 12 November 1982, p. 23, quoted in Lustick, For the Land and
the Lord, pp. 107–108.
14. Shindler, Israel, Likud and the Zionist Dream, p. 155.
15. Ibid., p. 156.
16. Ibid., p. 193.
17. Lustick, For the Land and the Lord, p. 61.
18. Koteret Rashit, 14 November 1984, p. 23.
19. Lustick, For the Land and the Lord, p. 107.
20. Tzvi Yehuda Kook, ‘Between the People and its Land’, Artzi, Vol. 2
(1982), p. 19.
21. Lustick, For the Land and the Lord, p. 106.
22. Nekudah, No. 43, 12 May 1982, p. 17.
23. Lustick, For the Land and the Lord, pp. 8, 12–15; David Schnall, ‘An
Impact Assessment’, in David Newman (ed.), The Impact of Gush
Emunim (London: Croom Helm, 1985), p. 15.
24. Sprinzak, The Ascendance of Israel’s Radical Right, p. 107.
25. Lustick, For the Land and the Lord, pp. 8–9.
26. D. Newman, ‘Gush Emunim’, in New Encyclopedia of Zionism and Israel
(London and Toronto: Associated University Presses, 1994), Vol. 1,
p. 533.
27. Cited in Masalha, A Land Without a People: Israel, Transfer and the
Palestinians, 1949–1996 (London: Faber and Faber, 1997), p. 143; Said
Zeedani, ‘Democratic Citizenship and the Arabs in Israel’, in Nur
Masalha (ed.), The Palestinians in Israel (Nazareth: Galilee Centre for
Social Research, 1993), p. 72; Sa’id Zeedani, ‘The Argument of Minister
Hammer’, Al-Midan (Nazareth), 23 March 1990.
28. Cited in Sprinzak, The Ascendance of Israel’s Radical Right, p. 346,
note 20.
Notes 243
29. For details of the survey, which was conducted by the Tzomet Institute,
see ‘The Rabbis of Judea, Samaria, and Gaza: Encourage the Emigration
of the Arabs’, Nekudah, November 1987, p. 37.
30. Cited in Clive Jones, ‘Ideo-Theology and the Jewish State: From
Conflict to Conciliation?’ British Journal of Middle Eastern Studies 26,
No. 1 (May 1999), p. 19.
31. Ibid.
32. See Eti Ronel, ‘Inside Israel: The Battle over Temple Mount’, New
Outlook, February 1984, p. 12.
33. Jones, ‘Ideo-Theology and the Jewish State’, pp. 11–14; Michael Prior,
‘Settling for God’, Middle East International, No. 565, 19 December 1997,
pp. 20–21.
34. Jones, ‘Ideo-Theology and the Jewish State’, p. 12.
35. Quoted in David Schnall, Beyond the Green Line (New York: Praeger &
Co., 1984), p. 19.
36. Shaham, Yedi’ot Aharonot supplement, 13 April 1979.
37. See Kook’s article in Hatzofeh, 23 June 1967. The article was also printed
in a collection entitled Hakol [Everything], edited by Aharon Ben-’Ami.
38. Quoted in Rabbi Pichnik (ed.), Shanah Beshanah, 5728 [Year by Year] (in
Hebrew) (Jerusalem: Hekhal Shlomo Publication, 1968), pp. 108–109.
39. Shlomo Aviner, ‘Haumah Veartzah’, [The People and its Land], Artzi
[My Country] (Jerusalem, 1982), p. 11.
40. Quoted in ’Al-Hamishmar, 8 February 1980.
41. Shlomo Aviner, ‘Yerushat Haaretz Vehabe’ayah Hamuosarit’ [The
Inheritance of the Land and the Moral Problem] Artzi [My Country]
(Jerusalem, 1983), p. 10.
42. Tzvi Yehuda Kook, ‘Bein ’Am Veartzo’ [Between People and Its Land],
Artzi [My Country], p. 10.
43. Cited in Journal of Palestine Studies 10, No. 1 (Autumn 1980), p. 150;
Danny Rubinstein, Mi La-H’ Elai: Gush Emunim [On the Lord’s Side:
Gush Emunim] (Tel Aviv: Hakibbutz Hameuhad Publishing House,
1982), p. 91. The settlers’ statements were also published in the Gush
Emunim journal Nekudah. See Yehuda Litani in Haaretz, 15 May 1984,
p. 15. Another settler of ‘Ofra, echoing the widely publicised aphorism
of the late Prime Minister Golda Meir, said in June 1980: ‘After all there
are no Palestinian people. We invented them, but they don’t exist (see
Jerusalem Post International, 8–14 June 1980).
44. David Grossman, The Yellow Wind (London: Jonathan Cape, 1988),
p. 207.
45. Quoted in Jerusalem Post International, 30 January 1988.
46. In recent years a very large number of settlers in the West Bank have
written in support of Arab expulsion. For examples, see Tzvi Samorai,
a member of the Ariel council, in Moledet, Nos 28–29 (February–March
1991), p. 31; Tuvia Simhon of Ariel in Moledet, Nos 31–32 (May 1991),
p. 27; Eli’ezer Betinski of Ariel, in Moledet, No. 6 (March–April 1989),
p. 14; No’ami Brokhi of Efrat in Moledet, No. 17 (March 1990), p. 28;
Bo’az Schwartz of Kokhav Yair in Moledet, Nos 22–23
(August–September 1990), p. 26; Rabbi Eli’ezer Rabinovitch of Ma’ale
244 Imperial Israel and the Palestinians
Adomim in Moledet, Nos 31–32 (May 1991), p. 10; Shoshana Helkiyahu
of Kiryat Arba’a in Moledet, Nos 35–36 (August–September 1991), p. 26.
47. See Meron Benvenisti (with Ziad Abu-Zayed and Danny Rubinstein),
The West Bank Handbook (Jerusalem: Jerusalem Post, 1986), p. 160.
48. See Yisrael Rosen in Nekudah, November 1987.
49. Rubinstein, Mi La-H’ Elai, pp. 90–93 and 151.
50. Geoffrey Aronson, Israel, Palestinians and the Intifada (London: Kegan
Paul, 1990), p. 289.
51. Amnon Kapeliouk in ‘Al-Hamishmar, 8 February 1980.
52. Cited in Amnon Kapeliouk in Le Monde Diplomatique, June 1980.
53. David Forman in Jerusalem Post, 22 June 1990.
54. Sprinzak, The Ascendance of Israel’s Radical Right, p. 107.
55. Amnon Kapeliouk in Le Monde Diplomatique, June 1980; Le Monde, 19
June 1980.
56. Rubinstein, Mi La-H’ Elai, pp. 157–59.
57. Sprinzak, The Ascendance of Israel’s Radical Right, p. 130; Newman,
‘Gush Emunim’, p. 533.
58. Ibid.
59. Lawrence Joffe, Keesing’s Guide to the Mid-East Peace Process (London:
Cartermill Publishing, 1996), p. 153.
60. Lustick, For the Land and the Lord, p. 10.
61. Newman, ‘Gush Emunim’, p. 533.
62. Lawrence, Keesing’s Guide to Mid-East Peace Process, p. 153.
63. See Dedi Zucker, Report on Human Rights in the Occupied Territories,
1979–83, International Centre for Peace in the Middle East (Tel Aviv,
1983), pp. 51–52; Lustick, For the Land and the Lord, p. 66.
64. Ibid.; Jan Demarest Abu Shakra, Israeli Settler Violence in the Occupied
Territories: 1980–1984 (Chicago: Palestine Human Rights Campaign,
1985), p. 15.
65. Quoted in Elfi Pallis in Middle East International, 24 April 1981, p. 12.
66. Joffe, Keesing’s Guide to the Mid-East Peace Process, p. 153; Lustick, For the
Land and the Lord, p. 67.
67. Cited in Rubinstein, Mi La-H’ Elai, p. 91.
68. Joffe, Keesing’s Guide to the Mid-East Peace Process, p. 153.
69. Husam Suwaylim in Al-Hayat (London), 29 December 1999, p. 14.
70. Lustick, For the Land and the Lord, pp. 68–69.
71. Ibid., p. 69.
72. Benvenisti, The West Bank Handbook, p. 135.
73. Ibid.
74. New York Times, 4 June 1980.
75. Newsweek, 16 June 1980; Rubinstein, Mi La-H’ Elai, p. 94.
76. Quoted in Friedman, Zealots for Zion: Inside Israel’s West Bank Settlement
Movement (New York: Random House, 1992), p. 80. Haggai publishes a
regular column in the Hebrew daily Hadashot. Friedman added: ‘Many
settlers told me that the worse they can make life for the Arabs, the
easier it will be to drive them across the Jordan River.’ Friedman also
observed that the sentiment for transfer is particularly strong in the
town of Ariel. Ibid., pp. 80–81.
77. Newman, ‘Gush Emunim’, p. 533.
Notes 245