Moyar Mark. A Question of Command: Counterinsurgency from the Civil War to Iraq
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e Yale Library of Military History
Donald Kagan and Frederick Kagan, Series Editors
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A Question
of Command
Counterinsurgency from
the Civil War to Iraq
Mark Moyar
Foreword by Donald Kagan
and Frederick Kagan
Yale University Press New Haven & London
Published with assistance from the Kingsley Trust Association Publication Fund
established by the Scroll and Key Society of Yale College.
Copyright © 2009 by Mark Moyar.
All rights reserved.
is book may not be reproduced, in whole or in part, including illustrations, in any form
(beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and
except by reviewers for the public press), without written permission from the publishers.
Set in Minion type by Tseng Information Systems, Inc.
Printed in the United States of America.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Moyar, Mark, 1971–
A question of command : counterinsurgency from the Civil War to Iraq /
Mark Moyar ; foreword by Donald Kagan and Frederick Kagan.
p. cm. — (Yale library of military history)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-300-15276-0 (alk. paper)
1. Counterinsurgency—History. 2. Counterinsurgency—United States—History.
3. Command of troops. I. Title.
U241.M69 2009
355.02'180973—dc22
2009013368
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
is paper meets the requirements of ANSI/NISO Z39.48–1992 (Permanence of Paper).
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
To the armed forces of the United States,
sentinels on the parapets of freedom
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vii
Contents
Foreword by Donald Kagan and Frederick Kagan ix
Preface xiii
Acknowledgments xv
1. Leader-Centric Warfare 1
2. e Civil War 15
3. Reconstruction in the South 33
4. e Philippine Insurrection 63
5. e Huk Rebellion 89
6. e Malayan Emergency 109
7. e Vietnam War 133
8. e Salvadoran Insurgency 169
9. e War in Afghanistan 191
10. e Iraq War 213
11. How to Win 259
Appendix: Counterinsurgency Leadership Survey 287
Notes 303
Select Bibliography 333
Index 339
Illustrations follow page 124
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ix
Foreword
W
ar has been a subject of intense interest across the ages. Very early
literary works like Homer’s Iliad and the Rigvedic hymns of an-
cient India talk of war. Few can fail to be stirred by such ques-
tions: How and why do wars come about? How and why do they end? Why
did the winners win and the losers lose? How do leaders make life-and-death
decisions? Why do combatants follow orders that put their lives at risk? How
do individuals and societies behave in war, and how are they aected by it?
Recent events have raised the study of war from one of intellectual interest
to a matter of vital importance to America and the world. Ordinary citizens
must understand war in order to choose their leaders wisely, and leaders must
understand it if they are to prevent wars where possible and win them when
necessary.
is series, therefore, seeks to present the keenest analyses of war in its
dierent aspects, the sharpest evaluations of political and military decision-
making, and descriptive accounts of military activity that illuminate its human
elements. It will do so drawing on the full range of military history from an-
cient times to the present and in every part of the globe in order to make
available to the general public readable and accurate scholarly accounts of this
most fascinating and dangerous of human activities.
Events of the twenty-rst century have turned the attention of military
historians and their readers from the more conventional conicts between