Остапчук М.В. Система технологій
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111
C, , -
d = d
= 4r
#
.
C #:
d
=
d
d
d
f
S
S
4
4
2
. (3.80)
C b -
:
)(222 ba
ab
ba
ab
f
r
#
, (3.81)
:
d
=
ba
ab
ba
ab
r
#
)(2
4
4
. (3.82)
%> ’ -
,
@,
! (, , , , @-
>), > :
)1(
2
2
¦
'
i
d
l
v
P
[O
U
, (3.83)
v – @ (), /;
U – , /
3
;
d, l – , ;
[
$
– !# ! ;
O – !# , -
:
Re 2300, O = 64/Re;
Re ! 2300,
O
= 0,36 / Re
0,25
.
9!# ! !
! (
O
= 90;
[
= 1,5.
C
,
gHP
#
U
'
, -
@
$
P'
.
112
9 F Re =
-
vd
H Fr
=
gd
v
2
" 7 =
2
U-
P'
, > @ !
! .
E -
# :
gHv 2
M
, (3.84)
M
– !# @;
– , .
% -
:
K
U
1000
PV
N
'
, (. (3.85)
K> N, (, -
W
, , # -
> :
7 = N
W, (
. (3.86)
# - , -
@ ! ! >
( ).
' , , $-
, ". ( -
@ :
Q = Gc(t
1
– t
2
), C, (3.87)
G – , ;
c – #, C/(9);
t
1
, t
2
– ! , > -
#, q&.
K , # #
() ! (1 ) q&.
C t = 20q& = 4183C/(9).
( -
:
113
Q = G r, C, (3.88)
r – , C/.
C = 0,1%, r = 2258 C/.
4 :
Q = G r
, C , (3.89)
r
– ! -
( ), r
= 334 C/.
4 @ -
2258/334 = 6–7 .
C -
Q
,
(t | 0q), -
, (
0 q& ):
Q
&"
= V
p
*
U
p
* c
p
(t
p
– 0), C, (c
p
= 4,2, C/); (3.90)
Q
"+
= Gr
(r
, = 334 C/) (3.91)
Q
0
= V*
U
"
* c
"
[(0 – (–t)], C, (3.92)
U
"
, c
"
– # .
< , >
@, ! -
> ,
@#.
% 0,1 % # 4q&
(3,89
q
&).
% 0
q
& @# 1000
999 /
3
, @#
U
"
=
918,8 /
3
.
M ’ @:
U
"
| 917 (1– 0,000156) t,
# ( U100q&
U
"
= 928 /
3
).
4# # -
:
114
U
"
= 2,12 + 0,00779*t; O
"
= 2,22(1 – 0,0015*t );
c
p
=2,26 C/(9) 0q& 1,17 U100q&,
O
"
= 2,22(/(9) 0
q
& 3,35 U100q&.
%> 0,1 % #
0q& 0,0075q&.
% 1q&
@# 2,12 C/(9).
4# :
c
= (1,3...1,5) C/(9).
% " . 4 -
@ .
( -
( ) W
U ( ), ’ -
@:
;
100
100
Z
Z
U
u
u
W
100
100
. (3.93)
9 , > # ! @-
W
! W
:
[
[
W
WW
GW
100
,
[
[
W
WW
GW
100
(3.94)
K> ,
:
100
[
&
UU
GW
(3.95)
G
, G
, G
&
– @ -
, ! (@)
.
( # :
& =
#
*
(3.96)
,
– ( );
115
,
– ! . L @:
& =
M
M
M
622,0*
29
18
, (3.97)
M
=
/
– , @
!
!
;
18/29 = 0,622 – @ -
.
K> > -
, :
= ,
M
M
1
622,0
x
.
() J (C/):
J = (+
&)t + r
0
x = (1,01 + 1,97x)t + 2493x,
c
– 1,01 C/ – # ;
– 1,97 C/ – # -
;
& – , / ;
t – ( ), q&;
r
0
= 2493 – 0q&, C/.
’ &, t,
M
! J-& F.
3.6. ('#- !
!#- '(' ;
##-# '-# %(,;
% 3.1. ( -
# 1 -
, # 2 @ . 4
. < # 3 90q
4. ( .
116
% :
99C –
K
= 0,6;
– G = 0,6 /;
(@-
)
–
d = 2810
–3
;
– l = 30 ;
– H = 1 ;
– t = 25
$
&;
!# ! -
–
6
[
= 5;
@ # –
'
= 0,0610
6
%.
. 3.4. # &
1. , C J, #
U
= 997 /
3
’
P
= 902 10
–6
%.
2. @ :
98,0
997028,014,3
6,04
2
U
X
f
G
, /.
3. F F (Re)
30263
10902
997028,098,0
Re
6
3
P
U
Q
d
.
$ Re = 30263!2300, -
.
4. ' !#
O
. $ Re ! 2300,
$
1
3
4
2
3
117
0273,0
30263
36,0
25,0
O
.
5. ( :
2
2
(1 )
2
0,98 997 0,0273 30
(1 5)
2 0,028
l
PgHP
d
XU O
[U
' '
¦
86,865791006,0181,9997
6
% = 0,086 %,
'
= (
UX
2
)/2, % – @
;
2
2
U
X
O
'
d
l
P
*
, % –
;
¦
'
2
2
UX
]
P
, % – !
;
'
=
U
gH, % – -
.
6. ( :
84,86
6,0997
86,865796,0
'
KU
PG
N
, (.
% , !
1 ( @ !.
% 3.2. ( @ -
V = 6000
3
/ -
0,1 % 0q& L = 4 .
% :
99C -
–
K
= 0,5;
! –
0,4 1 (;
! ! – 2,4 1
1 ;
(-
!)
– 1,8 1
1 .
118
%, > !#
O
=
0,03, ! 10% -
.
F t = 30q&
(303q9), >
# 0,1 %. M-
U
= 0,64 /
3
.
$’# :
85,1
2733600
3036000
T3600
TV
V
O
O
,
3
/.
E:
222
36,2
785,0
85,1
785,0 ddd
V
O
X
, /.
< @
)
2
(
2
U
X
, -
-
'
= 0:
**
PP ' '' ' 1,1
,
54
2
2
235
2
64,036,2400003,01,1
2
1,1
dddd
L
'
U
X
O
, %.
9, - -
* 9 :
00
0
0
273
24,2
PT
PM
PT
PT
UU
,
U
= /22,4 /
3
– (4
0
=
273 q9 F
0
= 0,1 %).
4 @
64,0
3034,22
27316
U
/
3
.
' >
' 0,01 % :
55
87,0
5,01000
23585,1
1000
dd
PV
N
O
'
K
(.
% 330 -
:
0,04 24 330 =316 .
119
4 , -
:
55
27531687,0
dd
E
, /.
F ! ! :
= 2,4 L d = 2,4 4000 d = 9600 d, /
:
= 1,8 L d = 1,8 4000 d = 7200 d, /.
! # -
:
d
d
PAE
16800
275
5
.
( d # :
0168002755)(
6
dPAE
d
G
G
.
:
66,0
1680
12755
6
d
.
% d = 0,66 :
1890
665,0
235235
5
'
d
P
% (0,019 %).
4 0,60 # @
> , @ 0,1 %, -
@.
% 3.3. ( , , -
@!, > !# -
! @.
% :
@ -
–
G
= 0,7 /;
–
Z
=58 % ;
! –
Z
= 6 % ;
–
t
= 8 q&;
–
M
=50 %;
–
t
1
= 120q&;
120
@ –
t
2
= 65q&;
@ # -
–
' = 0.
1. & @ . 3.5.
. 3.5. ' # *
2. ( # :
387,0
6100
658
7,0
100
K
KH
H
GW
Z
Z
Z
/.
3. # ! @-
J–d (. 3.6).
< t
=8
0
& M
=50 % , > -
# . -
t
1
= 120 q& ,
> # @-
. ( # !
. J = const -
t
2
= 65 q& # , > -
# ! @. (
J
1
= J
2
= const, # -
! @. !
d
!
d
2
. L ( , > J = const, -
(J
), (J
1
)
.
L, t
o
D
G
H1
, W
H
t
1