Pavlinov I.Ya. (ed.) Research in Biodiversity - Models and Applications
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RESEARCH IN
BIODIVERSITY – MODELS
AND APPLICATIONS
Edited by Igor Ya. Pavlinov
Research in Biodiversity – Models and Applications
Edited by Igor Ya. Pavlinov
Published by InTech
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Research in Biodiversity – Models and Applications, Edited by Igor Ya. Pavlinov
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Contents
Preface IX
Part 1 Models in Biodiversity 1
Chapter 1 Towards Bridging Worldviews in Biodiversity Conservation:
Exploring the Tsonga Concept
of Ntumbuloko in South Africa 3
Brandon P. Anthony, Sylvia Abonyi,
Petra Terblanche and Alan Watt
Chapter 2 A Study on Biodiversity Mechanism by
the Creativity Theory of Ecosystem 25
Yong Liu, Guolei Li, Haiqun Yu and Ruiheng Lv
Chapter 3 Ecological Niches and Diversity Maintenance 43
Peter Chesson
Chapter 4 Using Multiple Linear Regression Models to
Identify Factors Underlying Avian Species
Imperilment in Sub-Saharan Africa and Europe 61
R. Eliot Crafton and Brandon P. Anthony
Chapter 5 Towards a Better Understanding of Beta
Diversity: Deconstructing Composition
Patterns of Saproxylic Beetles Breeding
in Recently Burnt Boreal Forest 75
Ermias T. Azeria, Jacques Ibarzabal,
Jonathan Boucher and Christian Hébert
Part 2 History of Biodiversity 95
Chapter 6 Twenty Landmark Papers in
Biodiversity Conservation 97
Corey J. A. Bradshaw, Navjot S. Sodhi,
William F. Laurance and Barry W. Brook
VI Contents
Part 3 Evaluating Biodiversity 113
Chapter 7 Evaluating Biodiversity and Spatial Simulation
of Land-Cover Change in the Tropical Region
of Western Ghats, India 115
Giriraj A., Murthy M.S.R. and Basanta Shrestha
Part 4 Regional Biodiversity 145
Chapter 8 An Agenda for Austrian Biodiversity Research at
the Long-Term Ecosystem Research Network (LTER) 147
Stefan Schindler, Thomas Dirnböck,
Franz Essl, Richard Zink, Stefan Dullinger,
Thomas Wrbka and Michael Mirtl
Chapter 9 Conservation of Chinese Plant Diversity:
An Overview 163
Jordi López-Pujol, Hua-Feng Wang and Zhi-Yong Zhang
Chapter 10 Biodiversity Conservation in Costa Rica
- An Animal and Plant Biodiversity Atlas 203
Bert Kohlmann
Chapter 11 Multiple Approach for Plant Biodiversity
Conservation in Restoring Forests 223
Federico Vessella, Bartolomeo Schirone and
Marco Cosimo Simeone
Chapter 12 Environmental Assessment and Aquatic
Biodiversity Conservation of Amazonian
Savannas, Marajó Island, Brazil 261
Luciano Fogaça de A. Montag, Tiago Magalhães da S. Freitas,
Ana Cristina Mendes-Oliveira and Ronaldo B. Barthem
Chapter 13 Biodiversity Conservation Planning in
Rural Landscapes in Japan: Integration
of Ecological and Visual Perspectives 285
Yoji Natori, Janet Silbernagel and Michael S. Adams
Chapter 14 Water for Biodiversity Conservation and Livelihoods:
Protecting Northernmost Tropical
Deciduous Forest Relicts in Mexico 307
Rolando E. Diaz-Caravantes and Erick Sánchez-Flores
Part 5 Uses of Biodiversity 321
Chapter 15 Bioprospecting: Creating a Value for Biodiversity 323
Alan L. Harvey and Nigel Gericke
Contents VII
Part 6 Morphological Disparity 339
Chapter 16 Morphological Disparity: An Attempt to
Widen and to Formalize the Concept 341
Igor Ya. Pavlinov
Preface
Biodiversity has became some time ago one of the key notions in various fields of
human activity, from biological disciplines dealing directly with the kinds of living
beings up to strategy of sustainable development of the humankind. Such a high
rating of biodiversity theme has been resulting in publication of many books on these
subjects in the past decades.
The present book is one of them. Its content is as wide as the biodiversity itself,
beginning from the theoretical models of biodiversity and finishing with the latter’s
uses for human needs. It contains 17 chapters grouped into 5 sections, each dealing
with certain aspect of biodiversity researches and uses.
The first section,, “Models of Biodiversity”, contains several important theoretical
chapters, some of which consider the ways in which biodiversity could be thought
about, while others develop issues of more specific “biological” sound. Of particular
interest are chapters (R. Rozzi; B.P. Anthony & oth.) concerning some aspects of
interrelation between biological and socio-cultural components of the entire life on
Earth at any scale of its consideration. Noteworthy is, as well, the chapter on pretty
original “creativity theory of ecosystem” (Liu & oth.). Under consideration in this
section are also: theoretical model of relation between ecological niches and diversity
maintenance (P. Chesson), numerical model of the factors underlying avian species
imperilment in sub-Saharan Africa and Europe (R.E. Crafton & B.P. Anthony), and the
diversity turnover rate model for a beetle group undergone periodical catastrophic
impacts of forest fire (E.T. Azeria & oth.).
A small section “History of Biodiversity Researches” contains the only chapter of C.
Bradshaw & N. Sodhi reviewing in short some key publications on this subject that
appeared during the last hundred years. It allows to trace how the very understanding
of importance of biodiversity has been emerging.
The section “Evaluating biodiversity” is also small to include just one chapter describing
an approach for monitoring the conservation of regional tropical phytodiversity in India
(Giriraj A. et oth.). It is to be pointed out however that such a general issue as
biodiversity evaluation is considered, to a higher or lesser degree, in most of the chapters
in this book, as it is impossible to study and protect biodiversity without its measuring.
X Preface
A number of chapters gathered under the title “Regional Biodiversity” deal with
biodiversity assessment and protection under particular conditions. The latter might
be quite different being encompassed either by the national and provincial
governmental polices and strategies (S. Schindler et oth. on biodiversity in Austria; J.
López-Pujol & oth. on plant diversity in China; B. Kohlmann on biodiversity in Costa
Rica; F. Vessella & oth. on reforestation in Europe; L.F.A. Montag on a local aquatic
biota in Brazil), by human-made environments (Y. Natori & oth. on rural Japan), or by
certain natural sources availability (R.E. Diaz-Caravantes & E. Sánchez-Flores on
Mexico, water supply is of concern). This section overlaps in part by its content with
the previous ones, as the ideas and models discussed over there are illustrated by the
data on regional biodiversity (Europe, sub-Saharan and in particular South Africa,
India, Canada)
Another small section entitled “Uses of Biodiversity” contains a chapter on so called
bioprospecting (A. Harvey). This relatively new notion accentuates a rather old subject
of the use of diverse organisms in biomedical issues, but now it is considered under
commercial circumstances.
The concluding section “Morphological Disparity” contains I. Pavlinov’s chapter, in
which some theoretical concepts and notions concerning that disparity are considered.
The principle message of this paper is that morphological disparity should not be
delimited by just between-species differences (nowadays predominating concept), but
is be considered in its most widened sense to include all its forms and aspects.
Igor Ya. Pavlinov, DrS
Leading Researcher, Zoological Museum of Moscow M.V.
Lomonosov University
Moscow, Russia