Токарский Н.М. Архитектура древней Армении

01'

KaCnHAcKoro

46

CpeAH3eMHOrO

MOpH.

ApTawaT

'

11

KpyrrHeAllHle

-

rOpoAa

IOf

'a ltaXO.ll.HJIHCb

Tenepb

Ha

OKpaHHax

06111HpHoro

-rOCYA8pCTBa.

H

THrp8H

rrpe}l-

npHHHJI

nocr-poAKY

HOBOA

CTOJIHUbI-

THrpaHa~epTa"

MeCT0I10JIO)f{eHHe

KOTOpoA

H3-3a

,

rrpOTHBope

,

4HA

B-

ApeBHHX

HCT04HHK3X

BW3hlBaJIO

pa3HOrJI8CHH

cpe~K

,

Y4eHbIX,

rrpHMHpp.HHhIe

nOBH)l.HMOMY

rrOCJIe

TllI.aTeJIb-

HhIX

H3WCK3HHA

Ha

MeCTe.

B

Ha

'

CTOHll~ee

BpeMH

C4H-

Ta

101',

41'0

THrpaH'aKepT

CTO>lJI K ·

ceB

_

ep

y

01'

THrpa,

TaM,

r)l.e

ceti4ac

H3XOAHTCHrOpO)l.

<PapKUH.

CTpOHTeJIbCTBO

CBOe"

CTQ.'1HUbI

THrpaHBe.1

C

·

60JIblllHM

pa3M8XOM

npH

CO)l.eticTBHH

3H8TH

H

:.

rrpo-

CThIX

rOpO)f{aH,

CTapaBlllHXCH

3THM

y~O.l1,HTb

~aplO.

rOpO)l.

6WJI

oKpy~eH

cTeHoti,

HMeBllleti

BWCOTY

~

50

~oKTeti,

H8CTOJIbKO

TOJICTOti,

4TO

B

Heti

YMeCTH-

JIHCb

CKJIS,LI.bI

H

KOHIOlllHH.

BHYTPH

era

H8XO)l.HJI8Cb

·

HerrpHcTynH3H

UHTa)l.eJIb,

8

BHe

rOpO)l.CKHX

creH-

CHJIbHO

YKpenJIeHHbIti

3aMOK

H 3arOpO.LI.HbIH

)l.BO

'

peU/

~

BOKpyr

KOToporo

paCKHHYJIHCb

napKH

H

POw.H

llJIH

nporYJIOK

H

OXOTbI

C

npYllaMH,

B

KOTOPblX

pa3BO-

llHJIH

pbI6.

no

CBHJl,eTeJIbCTBY

llpeBHHX

.

3BTOpOB

B·

THrpaH

'

aKepTe

6bIJIO

nOCipoeHO

M,

Horo

·'

rrpeKpaCHbIX

31la'

HliH,

B

TOM

ttHCJIe

TeaTp,

K

OTKPbITHIO

KOTOPO-

':

ro

rrpH6wJIH

CneUHaJIbHO

rrpHrJIallleHH~e

rpe4eCKHe

aKTepbl.

I1HTepecHO

OTMeTHTb,

ttTO

CbIH

THrpal:la

,

ApTaB33}l

caM

rrHCaJI

'

Tp~reAHH

Ha

rpe4

,

eCK?M

H3bI-

Ke.

Ha

apxHTeKTYPHbIX

<p0pMax

Bcex

3THX

nocTpo-

-

eK,

KaK

H -

Ha

06ru.eH

:

nJI3HHpOBKe

ropo)J.a

3AeCb"

CHnbHee

4eM

-B

KaKOM-

J

m60

npyroM

n.eHTpe

AP~H~-

'

HHI1, )J.OJDKHO

6bIJIO

CKa3aTbC

,H

B03)J.eHCTBHe

3iIJIH-

HH3Ma,

TaK

KaK

BCR

rrpeo6pa30B3~ejJ~HaH

}leHTeJIb-

HOCTb

THrpaHa

6blJIa

,

HanpaBJIeHa

Ha

rrpeO}lOJIeH

'

He

H

-,

'OTCTaJlOCTH

CTpaHbI

H

npKOOmeHl-le

ee

K 3J1JfHHHCTH-

1JeCKOH

KYJlbType,

OCHOBHhlM

OIJarOM

KOTOPOH

Ita

a

PMAHCKOH

3eMJIe

Jl.OJtiKHa 6b1JIa

CTaTh

HOBaH

CTO-

JJrluta.

TH

,

rpaH

OKPYiKHJI

ce6J1

fJlll{HhiMH

rpe4eCKHMH

YIJeHblMH,

nHCaTeJlHMH,

XY.il.OJKHHKaMH. OJl.HHM H3

'

COBeTHHKOB

uapH

6blJl

Q:>HJIOCOCP

H

nOJlHTHtteCKHH

.rr.eHTeJlh

MeTpOllOp

H3

CKenCHca,

HanacaBWHH

era

HCTOPHIO,

YTpaIJeHHYIO

erne

B

)l.peBHOCTH;

CIOJl.a

6blll

npHfJJarneH

H3BeCTHhIH

flHCaTeJlb

H

pHTOp

AMQ:>H-

-

«paT,

H3rHaHHhlH

H3

AQ:>HH. B COOTBeTCTBHH C

HaMe-

peHIUIMH

THrpaHa,

BeCb

YKJlal(

rOpOl(CKOH

iKH3HH

)J.OJDl<eH

6b1J1

CTPOHThCH

nO-HOBOMY,

JI.JlH

lJero

OH

QKOJlO 77 r • .u.o

xp.

3phl

HaCHJlbCTBeHHO

nepeCeJlHJI

B

THrpaHaKepT

?KHTeJleH

83

pa3pymeHHblx

HM

ro-

PO.llOB

KannallOKHH

H

KHJlHKHH

• . 0

MacrnTa6ax

3TO-

TO

MeponpHHTHH

MO)f(HO

CY)l.HTb,

YlJTH KOHeIJHO

npeYBeJlHlJeHHH,

no

co06UteHHHM

Ann

H a H

a,

Ha-

3b1BalOlllero

nHQ:>py B

300000

tteJl.,

HeT

p a 6 0 H

a,

KOTOPblH

rOB~pHT,

lJTO

T"rpaH

nOCeJlHJI

Y

ce6H

B

rCTOJlHne

"JKHTeJleH

JI.BeHa)l.uaTH

3J1J1HHCKHX

ropo-

.u.OB".

B

oKTH6pe

69 1'.

)1.0

xp.

3phl

JIYKYJIJI

HaHec

pernHTeJlhHOe

nopaiKeHHe

apMHHcKHM

BOHCK3M

nOl(

THfpaHaKepToM.

a

3aTeM

nOCJJe

nHTHMeCHlJHOH

oca-

llhl

B3HJI H

pa3rpOMHJI

ropo)l..

'::ha

K3TacTpoQ:>3

npH-

BeJla

K

.oKOHttaTeJlbHoMY

paCn3l(Y

.u.epiK3BhI

THrpa-

Ha.

3-JlJlHHH3M,

CblrpaBlllHA

3HattHTeJlbHYIO,

nporpec-

CH-B-HYIO

pOJlb

BO

Bcex

06.'1acnIX

)1013HH

CTpaHbI,

He

HCKJHOlJaH H

HCKYCCTsa,

nOTepHJI

6J1arOnpHHTHYIO

nO'lBY

)J.JlH

pacnpOCTpaHeHHH

CBoero

BJlHHHHH H

}lOJUKe-H 6h1JI

YCTynHTb

MeCTO

PHMY.

B

llaJIbHeAmeM,

y)((e

. B

nepBble

BeKa

XPHCTH3HCTBa

B

apxHTeKType

Jj

MO)f{HO

BCTpenlTb

.r:

UUllb

OT3BYKH

9J1JIHHHCTHQeCKHX

--

II

PHMCKHX

<f>0PM-BOJlIOTY

-Ha .

KaIHlTeJlll,

3y6ell"

MOJlYJIbOH Ha

KapHH3e,

CHJlbHO

nepepa60TaHHbItl

aKaHT.

APM5IHCKH

_e 3011lJHe

HalllJlH

co6CTBeHHble

ny-

-·

TH,

C

KOTOPhIX

HH

pa3Y

_

He

CBepHYJIJI,

XOTH Ha

npo-

-

T~DKeHiiH

BeKOB

H

BCrpellaJlH

HeMaJlO

OlIaCHblX

lIe-

p·

eKpeCTKOB.

OiKHBJIeHHOe

crpOHTeJIbCTBO

rOpO)1.0B

pa3Bep-

-

Hy.,10Cb

B

npaBJIeHHe

nepBbIX

Ll.apeH

H3

)J.HHacrlln

AplllaKH.lI.OB

(63-429).

Ha

nponliKeHHH

HeMHorHM

601lee

lIOJIYBeKa

6blJIH

ocyrn.ecTBJIeHbI

TpH

3HaIJH-

--

TeJIbHNe

CTpOHKH.

HaIJaJIo

nOJIO)J{HJI

Tp.u.aT

I,

npH

--

KOTOPOM

B 66

r.

pHMcKHe

apxHTeKTopbI

H

MaCTe-

-

pa,

BblBe3eHHhIe

MM

H3

YiTaJIHH,

3aHOBO

OTCTPOllJIH

ApTalllaT,

pa3pyme

-

HHblH

He3all.OJIrO

.n.o

Toro

(B

59

r.)

-·

PIfMCKHM

BOeHaqaJIbHHKOM

Kop6YJIOHOM.

B

KOHue

nepBoro

HJIII

B C&MOM

HallaJIe

BToporo

BeKa

CaHa-

-

TPYKOM

6b1JI OCHOBaH OKOJlO

Eq,para-ApauaHHH

ro-

-

pOll

MUYPH,

Y>Ke

He

cymecTBOB3BilllJH

-B V

B.

CblH

-

CaHaTpYKa

Baraplll

nOCTpOHJI

B

nepBoii

lIoJIoilIJHe

IJ

B.

Ha JIeBOM:

6epery

Kacara

B HH>KHeM

ero

Te-

-

lIeH"H

ropo.n

Barap

'

ruanaT,

06b5lBJIeHHbll\:

B 163

r.

CTOJIHUeif,

r,rr.e nOCJIe

YTBep)K,ll.eHHH

B

ApMeHHK

.

xpHcTHaHcTBa

6bIJI

coopYJKeH

.

c060p

3IJMHa.ll.3HH H

OCHOBaH MOHaCTbJ

Pb,

CTaBIIIHH

BrIOCJIe.z:tCTBHH r

JIaB-

-

HhIM

JI.YXOBHbIM H a,lI.MHHHCTpaTHBHbIM

ueHTpoM

-

apMHHcKOH

UepKBH.*

:~

Cse

.n.

eHHR

0

.n.peBHeHuHIx

rop0.lax

Apll

e

HHH

3aHMCTBO-

BaBbI

113

COQHHeH11H llpeSHHX

3BTOPOB

11

pa60T

51.

A. MaHaH--

-

.l

UlHa:

0

ToproBJle

H

l'opo.aax

ApMeHHH B CBSl3H C

MOPO~OH

ToprOBJIeM

.ll.

peBHHX

apeMen. EpeBan. 1930 H THrpaH

Bropoii

H

PHM.

EpeB~H,

1943.

.

1~

-

ApxHTeKTypa

3TH

X

[oponOB

HaM

HeH3BeCTHa,

7aK

KaK

Ha

HX

TeppHTopHH

apxeORorH4eCKHe

pa60-

ThI

He

'

npOH3BO.LI.MJIIICb.

Ho

ecm1

MhI

BCrrO~IHI1M

>CBoe06pa3Hble

OTH'OmeHI1H,

CJIOJKI1BIlllleCH

B

3TO

Bpel\15I Me)K.LI.Y

ApMeHl1et'I

n:

PHMOM,

KOTophIe

TO

rCOCT05IJII1

B

C0103e,

TO

CTaRKHBaJII1r.b

Ha

ITOJIHX

cpa-

)KeHI1H,

a

TaKJKe

:006meHI1H

0

TOM,

4TO

3)J,eCb

Ha-

.

PH.LI.Y C

MeCTHbIMH

apXI1TeKTOpaMI1

pa60TaJII1

pl1MCKHe

MaCTepa,

'

TO

He

npl111eTCH

Ylll1BRHTbCH

B

cRyqae

06-

'

HapY)KeHI15I

OCTaTKOB

nocTpoeK,

B

KOTOPbIX

6Y.LI.YT

He

TORbKO

OTpaJKeHbI

PI1MCI{l1e

cpOpMbJ,

a

H,

B03-

MO)KHO,

nORHOCTblO

BOCnp0I13Be.LI.eHbI

pl1MCKHe

06-

pa3abI.

n

paB.LI.ono.ll.06HOCTb

TaKoro

IT

pe.LI.ITOROJKeHHH

.fIOJl.TBepJK)laIOT

BemiKOReITH

bIe

pa3BaRHHbI

H3blq

eCKO-

1'0

xpaMa

B

rapHI1-'-

.TleT,

HeH

pe311.LI.eHUI1H

AplllaKH.lI.OB

•.

H3w~eCKnA

xpaM

B rapHH

CBelleHHH

·06

~3blqeCKHX

xpaMax

ApMeHHI1,

'

KaK

If

0 rpa}l{.LI.C:lHCKHX·

nOCTpOH[

{

aX

. p.

aQCMaTpll

Bae-

.

Moro

nepHO.ll.a,

·

BeCbMa

CKYll,HbI.

B

C04HHeHHHX

.LI.peB.'

.

HHX

aBTopOB

MO}l{HO

HaHTn:

.1JHlllb

Ha3aaHH5I

,

ropo-

,

.II.OB

H

CeJIeHHH,

r.ll.e HaXO.LI.HRHCb

4THr.lbIe

CBHTHRHma,

Aa

BeCbMa

.

npHyKparneHHbJe

paccKa3bI

06

HX

.6oraT-

·

CTBax.

HeT

TaK}l{e

apxeoRorH4eCKI1X

MaTepHaRoB,

.

KOTopble

MOrRl1

'

6bl

.1l.aTb

Hal160Ree

BepHoe

·

rrpen

'·

CTaB

i

leHl1e

'

06

I1X

apxHTeKType.

B

OTMeqeHHOe

HH-

'

TeHCHBHbIM

CTpOI1TeRbCTBOM

Ha

pCTBOBaHHe

THrpaH

,a

II

·

Ha

cpopMax

HOBbIX

KY.TIbTOBbIX

IIOCTpoeK

.lI.ORJKHO

,

6bI.TI0

CI<33a

Tb<;:H

'BJIHHHHe

3.lIRHHH3Ma,

3aXB

,a

TH

BIlIe-

ro

Bce

CTOPOHhI

JKI13HI1.

CTpaHbJ"

H€

HCKRI04aH

H ,

pe-

.R

HflHI

·,

.:

apMHH.

B

3T0

fipe

'

MH

Halla

..

TI9Cb

OTOJKll.e-

<CTB.'IeHHe

HaUI1

0Ha.'lbHbIX

60jKeCTB

C

60rci'MH.

O.'IHMna,

14:

'

H

KOflIa

TMrpaH

BbIBe3

H3

33BOeBaHHhIX

HM

ropo-

)1,OB

'

MHOrOqnCJIeHHble

rpel.JeCIHfe

CTaTYH

',

O~

pa3Me--

CH

'

!:"J1

l1X

B

H3U60JIee

BH.u.HbIX

apM5IHCKHX

xpal\1ax.

PHMCKHe

·

cpOPMbI

J

H~l.JaBIIJHe

npOHHK3Th

B

ApMeHHfO,

nOCJle

KpyilleiHHI

JI.ep)l{3BbI

THfp,m3

HallIJlH

'3.u.eCb

Y}l{e

nb.u.rOTOBJleHHYIO

nOLJBY )l.Jl5I

CBo.erO

pa

'

cnpo-

CTp3HeHIUI

H

nOTOMY

BIIOJIHe

BepOHTH

'O,

l.JTO

HMeH-

HO

TPJI.3T

I,

BepHYBwHl1C5I

C

HTaJlHHCKHMH

M'

acTe-

"

paMH

H3

rrOe3JI.I{H

K

HepoHY,

o.u.HoBpeMeHHo

C

BO~':

CTflHOBJleHHeM

ApT311I3Ta

npe.u.npYfH5IJl

'

c06PY}l{eH

'

iie

'

eJI.YfHCTBeHHoro

H3BeCTHoro

HaM

5I3b14eCKOro

xpaMa;

p33B3.JIHHbI

KOToporo

06blQHO

H33bISaK)T

,,}I.BOPll.OM

tpll.

a

Ta".

PaCKOnKI1,

np0l13Be.n.eHHble

3.n.eCb B

1909-10'rr.

H.

51.

MappoM

npH

YQ3CTHH

JI.

v!.

CMHpIH)Ha,

.n.aJlH

HaCTOJlbKO

nOJIHbIH

M8TepH3J1,

4TO

HeCMOTp5I

,

Ha

p33pYllIefme

3,ll.;HIHH

no

OCHOB3Hli"5I

CTeH

l1

,

KO-

JlOHH,

peKOHCTpYKUH5I

era

He

npe.u.CTaBHJla

oc66eH-

Hbl

x

TPY

)l,HOCTeH.

Bce

h3MHH

H31IJ.1Il1

csoe

M

eCTd;

KpoMe

nJlOXO

COXp3HHBWerOC5I

cpp3rMeHT3,

YKP3-

rneHHor

o

3KaHToBoH

rraJlbMeTOH,

KOTOPLIH

'

6bl

JI

06-

H3pYJKeH

C

lO)KHOH

CTOPOHbJ

P3383.'1iiH.

yqaCTl:30~

Ba.BWHH

B

8KCne)l,HUHH

K.

POM3HOB

C4HT3JI

B03:

MO)KHhllVt

JlHlllb

npe)l,nO.

lJ

O)KHTeJlbHO

onpeJI.eJll1Tb

era

KaK

'

3KpoTepHH,

BeHLJaBllIHH

' CPPOHTOH. '

He5ICHbI'~1

OCT3JlCH '

Borrpoc

0 BHJI.e

nepeKpblHHIH

y6paHcTB3

BH)''tpH

3)l,3HI15I. *

PelwHcTPYKD,HH

IIOKa3bIBaeT,

4TO

BTO

6bIiiO

He

C

BeTCKoe

' 3)l,3HYfe, ' 3 ' X

paM;

nOCT

poeH~

HblM

no.

8J1JIHHHCTH

l

leC!

{

O-pHMCKOM

Y

06p33~Y,

CXo.n.~

' . K.

fC

PO

M(!HOB,

'

Pa3B3JlHHbl

xpaP,1a

pHMCKoro

THna

B

13am-Fa.pHH.

11

3

HCT0PHH

.uOl<aI1HTaJlHcn(t~eCKHX

tP0pMtlI..lHH

:

C60PHHK

,CTaTe{[

-"

K

COpOKan5ITHJleTHIO

HaY4HOH

lI.eJlTeJlbH00T1i

H.

5L

Mappa.

Moc

K

Ba-fleimHrpa.l.

1933,

Cl-P_

64:9.

15

UbIM B

H3BeCTHOH

Mepe

KaK

C

npoBRHu,naJIbHbUnf

(lOCTpOHl<aMH

PHMJI5IH

Ha

BOCTOKe

(Hanp.

B

KaMe-

HHCTO"

ApaSHH)

11

Ha

3ana.ll.e

(HUM

B

raJIJIHH),

Tal\

.

11

C

HeKOTOpblMI1

31l.aHHHMH

B

C~~tOM

PHMe.

XpaM

CT05lJl

B

HenpHcTynHofI

KpenOCTH,)KHBO-

nHCHO

pacnOJIOmeHHOH

Ha

CKaJlUCTOM

MblCY

BhlCOKO

HaJl,

peKOH

A3aT,

n03TH4HblM

paCCKa30M

0

KOTOPOll

H3.SeCTHbIH

apM5IHCKHH

pOMaHI1CT

H

,l(paMaTypr

My-

'

pauaH

HaqHHa~T

CBOM

HCrOpHQeCKHH

pOMaH

"reop~

Map3neTYHH".

OH

6b1JI

nocrpoeH

no

nmy

nepH-

llTepa,

T.

e. 3)l.aHHSI,

oKpymeHHoro

co

Bcex

CTOPOl{

IlOPTHKOM

Ha

KOJIOHHax.

IloBepxHocTb

CK3JIbI

HMeeT"

YKJIOH

K

peKe

11

nOTOMY

6b1JIa

BblpaBHeHa

nOA

nOCTpOHKOA

npH

nOMOLUH

6eTOHHoro

oCHOSaHH5I,

CTCYTCTBYIOllI.erO

B

ceBepHOM

qaCTH

H

nocreneHHO'

YTOJIlll.aIOLUerocSI

K

IOry.

Ha

3TOM

OCHOBaHHH

B03Se,ll.eH

BhlCOKHM

nOCTaMeHT,

o6pa3YlollUII1:

n J

Ia

T-

-

q>0PMY

}J.

J

1HHOH

OKOJIO

15

.

~t

H rnI1pHHOH: OKOJIO

11

.M,.

Ha

KOTOpoti

CT05lJIH

pa3pyrneHHhIe

HhIHe

CTeHbI

neHTpaJIbHOrO

nOMellleHHH

(neJIJIbI)

H 24

KCJIOHHbL

nopTHKa.

C

ceBepHoH

CTOPOHbl

K

BXOJIY

nOll.bI-

·

MaeTCSI

IllHpOKa51

JIeCTI:UlU3

H3

neBHTH

M o

lll.H

hI X

CTY-

neHeti.

,UBe

HHiKHHe

cTyneHH

OKaHMJI5IIOT

co

BC~X

.

CTOPOH

nOCT3MeHT,

06paaYH

UOKOJIb;

CJIe,LI,YlOlllHe

meCTb

Bpe3310TCSI

B

Hero,

a

yepXH51H,

neS51Tafl,

_.

COBnaJ\aIOU~a51

C

ypOBHeM

HOJHI

nopnIKa.

np0.ll.O

J

1-

·

iKaeTCH

B BM,lI.e

nJIHHTa

Ha}J.

I<apHR3QM

nocr3MeHTa.

Me}K,lI.Y

UOKOJIbHblMH

nJIHTIlMH

H

CTeHKa~m

nOCTa-

'

MeHTa

,

Y:'l0/KeH

pH,lI.

npocp1fJIHpOS3HHbIX

KaMH~H.

BhI-cTynalOUI.He

no

CTopOHaM

JIeCTHlH1.bI

M3CCHBbI

3aKaHQHBaJIHCb

IlJIHTa~M3

yKpaHH~HHblMH

6apeJ1b-

eq>HbIMM

H306pa/KeHHHMH

aTJIaHTOB

C

B03~eTli.MK

16

PYKaMH,

CTOSHIJ,HX

Ha

O.lHO~1

KOileHe.

no.'1

ue.l.lbl

6bIJI

npMllOJl,H5JT

Ha.rr.

rroJlo~.t

nopTHKa

Ha

0 1U1H p

H.J.

KaM'Heii,

06pa30BblBaBWHH

y

Jl.BepH

cTyneHb

H

BbI-

cTynaBllIHA

,

H3-ll0JI.

KJIaJU{H

CTeH

B

BH.l(e

npocpl-L1H-

.

pOBaHHoro

nJIHHTa,

OTBe4aBI1lerO

6a3aM

KOJIOH».

B

rJlaBHOH

(ceBepHoti)

4aCTH

nopTHKa

npOllO

.lJ

b-

Hble

CTeHbI

ueJIJIbl

CHJlbHO

BbIllaBaJHICb

Buepe;r,

B

BMJI.e

aHTOB,

onpa3y5J

OTKPblTbIH,

6e3

KOJIOHH,

Be-

.

CTH61O.lIb

C

JI,BepblO

B

rJIy6HHe.

AHTbI,

KaK

H

fO/KHble

yrJIbI

CTeH

3.naHH5J,

6bIJIH

06pa60raHbI

nl-I.TIHCTpa\IH.

KO.'lOHHbl

CT05JJHI

no

Bce~l

y

nepHMeTpy

Il

Jla1

-

cjJOpMbI,

IlPWH'M

BTopble

OT

yr.lIOB

npHXO.lLH~lIICb

HanpOTHB

nHJIHCTp

IJ,eJIJIbI, LITO Onpel1.2JI5JJIO

paCCTO-

5lHHe

Me}l{JI,y

HHMH.,

p,umoe

WHprIHe

nopTHKa.

Ha

r JIaBHO:'vl H

TbIJIOBOM,

KOPOTKHX

cpacana

x

6bIJIO

no

rneCTH

KOJIOHH,

Ha

60KOBbIx--no

BOCbM

H.

na3bI

HX

no

CBOH M

06JIOM

aM

6J1H3KH

K

TaK

H33bIBael\IOH

a

T-

THQeCKOH

cpopMe.

I1oHHt-Ier.KHe

KanHTe.IJH

C

8HeprHLI-

HO n

pope3aHHbIl\lH

cn

H

p3JI

HMH

BO

.

1IOT

H

HOHHK3MH

YKparneHhl

JIHCTBeHHbn1

opHaMeHTO~1,

nOf{pblBaIOIl.I,H\\

11

6aJIIOCTpbI,

r,rr.e

H3B3HHbI

.

aKaHTOBb

Ie

H

JIaBpOBbIe

.1HCTb51

(T36.TI.

1

).

Oc06eHHo

TOHKO,

3)J{YPHO

HCllO.l-

HeHbI

BeTOLIKH,

HHCn3il,dIOIl.I,He

TB

33BI1TKOB

BO:

IIOT

Ha

HO

H H K

H.

B f{ 3 n

If

T e

JI

51

X

)T

.r1O

B bI X KO

JI

0 H H H 3 P Y

EI~

-

H351

yr

JTOBa51

BOJIIOT8

P3CrIO.l0iKeHa

110

.J,HarOHa.l

H,

a BHYTpeHH5151 COCT3BJ12H3

H3

JLByX

T10J1OBHHOK

npo-

C

ThIX

BO

.l

1£OT

, CX

0]1.51

Il.I,HXC51

110,::(

n

p51MbDI

yr

JIO~I.

OHJI51CTPbI

aHTOB

H

IO)KHbIX

1'r.10B

H:\1CJIH 11.tlOCKHe

HOHHLIeCKHe

{{allHTeJTH

Toro

iKe

BHJ,a

,

4TO

H

KO.l0H-

Hb!

C

nHarOH3JIbHO

oTBepHyTbI\1H

BO.1IOTaMH.

K

3r

lH

w

Te.l51\\

11H

v

l5JCTP

Ha

CTeHax

3,J,aHH5I

OTBeqaJI

OPH3-

MeHTHpOBaHHbII1

HOHI1I

{3

MH

H 6yca

\Hf

II051(.

1138-2

17

ApxwrpaB

aHTa6.IIeMeHT3

HMe

Jl

pa3Hble

npo-

<pHJIH C

BHeWHeH

H

BHYTpeHHeH:

CTOpOH.

CHapYIKH

OH

6blJ1

pa31leJI(;\H

6ycaMI1

H

CBepHYTbl1t.m

B

)KryT

.;1eHTaMH

Ha

TpH

cTyneHH

H

HMeJI

KapHH3HK

C

pe3-

HhIM

n:a6JIYlJKOM.

BHYTpeHHHH:

npocpHJIb

a.

pXl

·

npaBa

3aBepmaJI

CT~HbI

UeJIJIhI,

BbIXOJI,HBllIHe

B

nopnw:.

HHIKHEOIO

nOBepXHOCTb

apXHTpaBHbIX

KaMHeH

Me)l{-

PS

KOJIOHHdMR

YKpamaJIH

He60JIbllme

opHaMeHTH-

pOBaHHble

rroJiocbl

B'

pe3HblX

paMKax,

BHyTpH

){OTO-

pblX

nOMeweHbl

npeMYlll,PCTBeHHO

BbIOIUHeCH

BeT-

BH

C

JIHCThHMH

aKaHTa

H rrJIEOUW,

BHHorpa.n;OM

H

,,606aMH".

BbInYKJIblH:

cPpH3

3anOllHH

JI

aKaHToBblH

OpHal\leHT

. C

BeTRHMH

H

JIHCTbHMH~

nJIaBHO

nepexo-

)(HlUHMH

H3

OJ(HOH

CnHpaJIH

B

.n;pyryIO;

Ball.

aKaH-

TaMH-YKpaweHllbl

tl

H0HHKaMH

BaJIHI{

H

rrOJI04Ka.

BeHlJcHOllI.HH

Ka

pHH3

COCT05iJI

H3

rrosica

cy

xa

PHffOB,

nOhpbJTOrO

pe3h6oH

Ka6JIYQK3,

CJle3HHKa

H

rYCbKa

C

JlbBHHbIMH

rO

.T

IOBKaMH

H

rraJIhMeTaMH.

Hall.

aHTa·

6.1JeMeHTaMH

ceBepHoro

H

IO>KBOrO

cpacalI.oB

BbleH-

JIHCb

,D;OBOJIhHO

KpYTbIe

CPPOHTOHbl,

OTBeqaBlIIHe

!I.BycKaTHoH

KpOBJIe

3

1laHHH.

nJIacpoH

rropTHKa

6bIJI

COCTa

BJIeH

H3

·

60JIbIllHX

ITJIHT,

YJIO>KeHHblX

Ha

apXHTpaRbI

aHTa6JIeMeHTa

KOJlOHHa.II,bI

H

CTeH.

Ero

pe3HoH

HapH,D;

HMeJ(

BH,D;

pOM6HQeCKHX

H

BocbMHyrOJIbHbIX

opHaMeHTHpoBaH-

HblX

KeCCOHOB,

06paMJIeHHbIX

HOHHI<aMH

H

3aKJIIO-

qeHHbIX

B

npHMoyrOJIbHHKH,

Me>K.II,Y

KOTOPblMH

HarrpoTHB

KOJIOHH

WJIR

nonepe4HbIe

rrOJlOCKH

TaKO-

ro

lKe

BH,D;a,

KaK

H

Ha

HHIKHetf

nJIOCKOCTH

apXH-

Tp.a

Ba.

E,D;HHCTBeHH3H

.lI.Bepb

3

11

aHHH

6blJla

HapHlI.HO

y6paHu

pe3HblMH

HaJ

lIPIHHKOM

H

CJ10lKHblM

CaHJI,pH-

1[5

KOM

B

BMAe

aHTa6~eMeHTa,

B

KOTOPOM

apXHTpaBOM

<:JIY}f(HJIa

BepXHHH

,

ropH30HTaJlbHaH

lIaCTb

HaJlHlIHH-

Ka.

nOp51)J.OK,

<popMa

H

y6paHcTBO

06J10MOB

caH)J.-

PHK3

nOlITH

Te

)f(e,

111'0 ' H

Ha

a

HTa6JIeMfHTe

nop-

THKa,

HO

3.neCh

OHH

npOnOpIJ,HOHaJIbHO

MeHbIlIe

no

p33Mep3M.

BCH

nocrpOHKa

B03Be1I.eHa

H3

6333JJbTa.

Kpyn-

H~e

KaMeHH~e

6JIOKH

B

CBoe

BpeMH

6~nH

CR513aH~

)f{eJIe3HbIMH

H

6POH30BhlM

H

IlI1'blp51MH

H

cK06aMH,

3aJIHThlMH

Qepe3

Cnel{HaJIhHhle

KaHaJIbHbI

CBHHIJ,OM.

:31'01'

npHeM

npHMeHHJICH

If

B

.1I.aJIbHeHWeM

H

BblllleJI

113

yno1'pe6JIeHH51

1'OJIbKO B KOHIJ,e

VI

I B.

npeBoc-

XO)\HO

BblnonHeHHble

TeCKa

H

pe3b6a

nOKa3bIBalOr

BblCOKYIO

rexHHKY

!~ecrHblX

MacTepoB,

KOTopbIe

TOJlbKO

H

MOrJIH

ycnewHo

cnpaBHTbcH

C

TaKOH

TOH-

KOR

06pa601'KoH

TBep.1l.0rO

6a3aJlbTa,

cOBepmeHHo

HenOCHJIQHOH

)J.JI51

npHllIJIblY.

PHMJl51H,

06hI

l

IH0

HMeB-

lllHX

Jl.eno

C

n01l.aTJlHBblM

MpaMopoM.

C

nOHBJIeHHeM

orHecTpe.rIbHoro

OPY>KHH

MeCTHble

)f(HTe,IlH

.

HalIaJIH

BbI6HBaTb

H

BbIJIaMblBaTh

CBIHtelI.,

l.JTO

npHBeno

K

oCJla6JIeHHlO

CBH3H

Me>K.llY

KaMHHMH

H

npe>K.lI.eBpe-

.

MeHHoH

fH6eJIH

naMHTHHKa'.

HaH60Jlee

BepoHTHoH

.n.aToH

era

06pymeHHH

K.

POMaHoB

C4HTaJI

~pe

AY

15

HIOHH

1679

r., KOr.lI.a B

ApMeHHH

npOH301llJIO

CHJIbHOe

3eMJIeTpHcPHHe.*

BpeMH

coopy}f(eHH~

xpaMa

B

fapHH

T04HO

He

H3BeCTHO.

He

nOMoraeT

ero

onpe.n.eJIeHHlO

H CBH-

.n.eTe.'lbCTBO

MOHCe51

XopeHcKoro,

KOTOPbl~

rOBopHT,

qTO

f\apb

Tpllar,

CbIH

XocpoBa,

nOC-fpOHJJ

B

fapHH

Kp€nocTHble

CTeHbI

H .1J:eTHHe na.1JaTbI

)I.JJ5l

cBoeH

* Y

K,

CO,!.,

e

Tp.

6f.9.

11

ceCTpbI

XOCPOBHJlYXT,

YKpaWeHHble

KO.lIOHHaMH

If

6apeJlbecpaMH,

H

HaQepr3JI

Ha

HHX

B

naMHTb

ceoe

I-ia,lI,fHfCb

rpeqeCKHMH

6YKBa~lH.

JIeToM

1945 r.

Ha

KJIaJl6Hrn.e

B '

ceJIeHHM

fapHH

M.

C.

CapbHHOM

tI

r

U.

,llaBTHHoM

6bIJI

06HapY)J{en

60JIbWOH

KaMeHb,

H.CnOJIb30BaHHhIH

KaK

Ha)l.rpo6I1e,

H::t

60f{OBOt'1

CTO-

pOHe

KOToporo

Bwpe33Ha

rp~qeCKaH

HaJlDHCb.

4re-

HHe

,

ee

ell1.e

He

3af{OH

4eHO;

He

YCTaHOBJIeHO

Tal{-

)J{e-3aHI1MaJIa

JII1

OHa

O)l.HH

HafiAeBHblM

f{aMeHb

I1/Hi:

HMeJla

npO}{'O

J

DKeHHe

Ha

COCe,lI,HeM.

MO)I{HO

JIMWI>

oTMeTHTh,

'-ITO B ,

HeH

rOBopMTCH,

KaK

C00611U1JI

MH~

JI.

A.

l{amlHTap,

0

nOCTpoeHHM

Tp)l.aTOM,

npaBl1-

TeJIeM

BeJIMKOM

Ap~leHHH,

KaKorO-TO

3AaHHH,

?\1O-

}KeT

6bITh

AJIH

ceCTpbI,

- XOTH

3TO

CJIOBO

nO

J

IHOCTblO

He

'-II·

naeTCH

K

BOCCTaHaBJIHBaeTCH

npeJI.nOJIO>KI1-

TeJIbHO.

He

MCf{JIloqeHa

B03MO)I{HO

C'T

b,

'-ITO

H3ti.neHa

HMeHHO

Ta

HaAnHCb,

r:OTOpa5l

B

CBoe

BpeMH

nOc.1

Y-

)J{HJIa

MOHcelO

X9peHCKor"lY

HCTO'-IHHKOM

' )I,JIH

ero

coo6rn.eHHH

0

CTpOHTe

JIbCTBe

B

fapHH.*

Tp)I,a

T (Ill), CbIH

XocpoBa,

u a

pCTBoBa

.n,

no

MOH

C e

10

X 0 P e H C h 0

MY,

56,

JIeT

C

cepe

1

UiHbl

III

B.,

'-ITO

onpe

)l.eJIHeT

npl1

1epHyIO

)I,flTy

coopy-

)I{eHHH

)I,BOPUa,

ocraTKH

KOToporo,

no

HaIlIe~ly

MHe-

* B CB5J3H C

06HapYllieHHeM

9TO H

Ha.nn}!ClI

He06;w

,

l.1!~0

·

nrOCMorpeTb

4epHOBbl

e 3

anHCH

51.

VI.

CMHpHosa

0

rapHH.

Tal{

HaK

OH

Ha

.nOKJla

]le

K· K.

POMaHOBa

B

06lJ~eCTSe

ApXHTeKTO-

POB

13

1911

r.

OHl

eUfJI

:

...

.B

3.lJ.amLH HMeeTC51

Ha

n

nllCb

C

YlMeHeM

u.apH

TpJlaTa...

npas

.J.

onO

J

I,06Hee

Bcero

OTHeCTI1

Ha

.1011Cb K

TpnaT)'

III

(OROJlO 315

r.)".

C:\f,

K.

PO:\laH

o B, YK.

CO'!',

CTp.

650'.

BeCbMa

BaMHO

YC

TaHOBliTb

-

.neticTBIHe.lJbHO

JII1

B

1909-1

0

rr.

cpe.u11

<pparMeHTOB

'3.uaHI1Sl

5l..

11.

C~IJ.1PHO/3

HI1

.J,eJl

Hall.OHCb

If.HI.

OH

HMeJl

B BI1

11Y

coo6meHlIe

1\1

.

Xope~c

.

Koro

:

20

Токарский Н.М. Архитектура древней Армении

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.