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/4JocCeJIbHOe pecYJlup06aHue

ocy~eCTBJIReTCJI

BBe.ll.eHHeM .lI.OnOnHHTenbHOJ

••

aaeMblH HaCOCOM, TalOKe YMeHbWaeTCJI

.lI.O

3Ha1:JeHHJI

H

2

•

YoenH1:JeHHe

1:JaCTOTbI

nepeMeHHoro

rH,lJ,pasnH'IeCKoro

conpoTHBneHHJI

B

HanopHYlO

nHHHIO

rpy6onpoBO,!l

HJI

BbI3blBaeT

06paTHble

JlBJIeHMJI.

TaKHM

06PalOM,

IlpH

.lI.aHHOM

cnoco6e

pe-

C 3TOH I4enblO

06bI'IHO

B Henocpe.ll.CTBeHHOH 6nH30CTH

OT

Haooca

yCTaHIlBJIHBalCi

NlMpo8aHHR .lI.IlBJIeHHe H nO.ll.a'la

Hacoca

crporo

COOTBeTCTBYIOT

rpe6yeMOMY

pe-

.lI.POCcenb (3a,lI.BHlKKY).

Tor.ll.a

BblpalKeHHe

,nJlll XapaKTepHCTHKH

cern

no

aHaJIOrHH

BO.ll.onorpe6J1eHHJI, OTCYTCTBYIOT

norepH

3J1eKrp03HeprnH

Ha

003.l1.aHHe

H36bl-

(3.20) 6Y.lI.eT

HMeTb

BH.lI.

IoIX

HanopoB,

n03TOMY

3TOT

cnoc06

60nee

3KOHOMH1:JeH,

'1eM

.lI.poccenbHoe

pery-

He

=Hr

+SQ;

+ S/tQ;,

DO.aHHe.

O.ll.HaKO

)TOT

cnoc06

rpe6YeT

npHMeHeHHJI

CneU;HaJIbHoro

perynHpye-

:JlleKrpOnpHBO.ll.a, 'ITO YCJlOlKHReT H Y.lI.opolKaeT

HacocHYlO

YCTaHOBKY.

r.ll.e

Sit

-

rH,lJ,pIlBJIH1:JeCKOe

conpoTHBJIeHHe

.npoccenJi.

BenH<nfaa

Sit

6Y.lI.eT

nepeMeHHoH,

3aBHCJI.IIl;eH OT CTeneHH OTKpblTHR .u.pocceJ

B6I6op

HaCOCHba

azpezamo6

H

MeHJllO~eH

KpyrH3HY

xapaKTepHCTHKH

Q-H

rpy60npoBO.lI.a.

TaKHM

06PaJOM,

JlyqHM

6ecKOHe1:JHO

60nbwoe

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pa60'lHX

pelKHMOB.

Tpe606aHWl K 66160py paC'IemHbIX

pe»cUM06

pa6om61

HaCOCH6IX CmaHI(UU

TIpHHI4Hn .npOCCeJlbHoro

peryJlHpOBaHHJI

Hacoca

nOKalaH

Ha

pHC. 3.21.

Bbl60p

OCHOOHblX HaCOCHbIX

arperaTOB

OC~eCTBJIReTCR

Ha

OCHOBaHHH

Tpe-

rIO.ll.a1:JH

Q H

Hanopa

H,

YCTaHaMHBaeMblX

rH.lI.paBJIH'IeCKHM

paC1:JeTOM

CHC-

nepeKa1:JKH lKH.lI.KOCTH. I1CXO.ll.HblMH .lI.aaHblMH

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H

'f....

'"

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~

7

---

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H21

,

o

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Q

Puc. 3.21.

PeryJlUpOBaHHe

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pafioTbi

u.eHTpOfielKHOrO

Haeoca

44

I)

rpa4JHK BO.lI.onorpe6neHHR B

CYTKH

MaKCHMaJIbHOrO

BO.ll.onorpe6neHHR;

2) OTMeTKH paC1:JeTHbIX

ypoBHeH

BO.ll.bl

B

HCT01:JHHKe

(peKa,

pe3epByap

H T • .lI..) H

iM'IK()

npHeMa

lKH,lJ,KOCTH

(npHeMHaR

eMKOCTh,

norpe6HTenb

H T • .lI..);

3)

rH.lI.paBJlH1:JecKaJI.

xapaKTepHCTHKa

Q-H

rpy60npoBO.ll.a;

Bce

3TH .lI.aHHble onpe.ll.enJiIOTCJI

npoeKTOM

CHCTeMbl BO.ll.OCHa6lKeHHJI.

Iia OCHOBaHHH

rpa4JHKa

BO.ll.onorpe6neHHJI YCTaHaBnHOaeTCJI

pelKHM

pa60Thl

H

",'111

lIaCOCHOH CTaHI4HH. HaCOCHaJI.

CTaHI4HJI

.lI.OJllKHa nO.ll.aoaTb

3a

CyrKH

nOJlHblH

.".,.UblH

cyr01:JHblH paCXO.ll.

rIpH

06eCne'leHHH

rpe6yeMoH

BblCOTbI nO,ltbeMa lKH.lI.-

•

PaC1:JeTHaJI.

nO.ll.a1:Ja

aaCOCHOH CTaHI4HH onpe.ll.enJleTCR

no

CyrKaM

MaKCHMaJIb-

wO),(OrI0Tpe6neHHJI B

'lac

MaKCHMaJIbHOrO

BO.ll.onorpe6neHHJI.

45

Onpe()eneHue

pe:JICUMa

pa60nl61,

no()a'lu

u

nanopa

tlOCOCtlOU

cmatll(uu

06'beM

H

peiKHM

Bo.n.onoTpe6J1eHH.!I,

UK

npasHJlO,

MeH.!IJOTCR

HenpepblBHO

3aBHCHMOCTH OT CJIY'IaHHbIX

C06bITHH

H xapaKTepH3YIDTC.!I 3Ha'lHTeJIbHOH

MepHOCTbIO.

npH

onpe.n.eJleHHH

peiKHMa

pa60Tbl

HaCOCHOH CTaHl\HH

CTaHl\HH,

pa60TalOIll,He

Ha

aKKYMYJlHPYIDIll,yIO eMKOCTb

(HaKonHTeJlbHbIH

pe3epBya

Bo.n,OHanOpHaJI

6aWHR)

H

CTaHl\HH,

pa60TaIOIll,He

6e3

aKKYMYJlHpYIOlll,eH eMKOCTH.

npH

pa60Te

CTaHl\HH

Ha

aKKYMYJIHPYIDIll,}'ID eMKOCTb

peiKHM

ee

pa60Thl

iKeT

OTJlH'IaTbC.!I OT

peiKHMa

pal60pa

BO,ll,bI

H3 eMKOCTH.

KaK

npaBHJIO, palJIH'JaH.

.n.Ba

peiKHMa

pa60Tbi

HaCOCHbIX

CTaHl\HH

Ha

aKKYMYJIHPYIDIll,YIO eMKOCTb: paBHOMe]

HblH

H

cryneH'IaTblH.

npH

paBHOMepHOM

peiKHMe

pa60TbI

HaCOCbl

pa60TaIOT

nOCTO.!lHHO B

CYTOK C HeH3MeHHOH

no.n,a'leH,

paBHOH

cpe.n,Hecym'JHOMY

pacxo.n.y.

B

qaCbI

MaJIbHOrO Bo.n.onoTpe6JIeHH.!I, Kor.n.a no.n.aq"" HaCOCOB

60JIbWe

pal60pa

BO.n.bI,

XO.llHT HaKOnJIeHHe

3anaca

BO.n.bI

B aKKYMYJIHpYIDlll,eH eMKOCTH, KOTOPbIH

OaCXOHVe1

C}l B

'JacbI

MaKCHMaJIbHOro

Bo.n.onoTpe6JIeHH.!I (PHC. 3.22).

Q,%

100

80~-----+~~===F==~~~~~~~F===~~~--~

60~~~~~L---~------~~Qd~-+-------+---T.~71

40~~~~~r---~r-----~-------;------'-+---+-+~

20~

~

o 4

8

12

16

20

Pac.

3.22.

COBMem,eHHLli

rpa+HK

pa60TLI

HaCOCHoii CTaHQHH H CeTH

npH

paBHoMepHoii

H

eTyIIeH'IaTOi

no.zta'le

HaCOCHoii

craHIlHH,

pa60TlUom,eH

Hft

aKKYMYJ1HpylOlD,ylO eMKOCTb

qacoBaJI

no.n.aqa

BO.n.b1

HacocHoH

CTaHl\HeH B

nOM

cnyqae

onpe,ll,eJIHeTC.!I

paiKeHHeM

(M

3

/q)

Q

= a

QmaxCYT

~

T'

Tpe6yeMblH

HanOp

HaCOCOB (nOJlHaJI BbICOTa nO.n.'beMa),

M,

onpe.n.eJIHeTCR

no

H

H,.

+h+l,

(3.23)

•

I'coMeTpHqecKaJI

BblCOTa no.n.'beMa

BO.n.bI,

M;

h -

nOTepH

Hanopa

B CHCTeMe

)KH.n.KOCTH

(OT

Hacoca

.n.o

aKKYMynHpYIDlll,eH

eMKocTH),

M. Onpe.n.eJIReTC.!I

bDIKl'epHCTHKe

Q-H

Tpy6onpoBo.n.a.llJ1.!1

pacxo.n.a

Qq;

1 -

3anac

Hanopa,

M.

1'pe6yeMbIH

06'beM

aKKYMynHpYIDlll,eH

eMKOCTH onpe.n.en.!leTC.!I

HaH60JlbWeH

H3

nJlOIll,a.n.eH,

06palyeMblx

nHHHeH

pa60TbI

HaCOCOB

H

nHHHeH

Bo.n.ono-

npH

paBHoMepHoM

peiKHMe

pa60TbI

HaCOCOB

3TOT

06'beM

06blqHO

co-

5-15 % CYTO'JHOro Bo.n.onoTpe6neHH.!I.

C ueJlblO

YMeHbWeHH}l

aKKYMynHPYIDlll,eH

eMKOCTH

npH

60JIbWHX

CYTOqHblX

BO,ll,bI

npHMeHJleTC}l

cryneH'IaTbIH

peiKHM

pa6oTbl.

B .n.aHHOM

cJIyqae

Ha-

C1'OIll\H}l

YMeHbwaeT

no.n.aqy

B '1aCbl MHHHMaJIbHOro Bo.n.onoTpe6neHH.!I H

IILlCT B

'JacbI

MaKCHMaJIbHOrO

3a

CqeT

H3MeHeHH}l qHCJIa o.n.HoBpeMeHHo

pa-

• HaCOCOB (PHC. 3.22).

1-13

pHC.

3.22 BH.llHO,

'ITO

B

.n.aHHOM

cnyqae

y.n.aeTC.!I

bHO

CHH3HTb

Tpe6yeMblH

06'beM

aKKYMynHpYIDlll,eH

eMKOCTH.

KaK

npaBHJIO,

IT)'llell'laTOM

peiKHMe

pa60Thl

HaCOCHOH CTaHl\HH

)TOT

06'beM

COCTaBJI}leT 2-6 %

Bo.n.onoTpe6JIeHHR.

nO)l.a'la

BO.n.bI

HaCOCHOH

CTaHl\HeH

B

qaCbI

MHHHMaJIbHOro H MaKCHMaJIbHOrO

npH

cryneHqaTOM

pe)KHMe

pa60Tbl

oIlpe.n.en.!leTC}l

no

a

Qmin

-

-~-,

Q.min

-

Qmin

aQmax

Qq

max

=

-Qmax

(3.24)

Qq

min,

Q.

max

- qaCOBaJI

no.n.aqa

HaCOCHOH CTaHl\HH COOTBeTCTBeHHO B

pe)KHMe

IHMMtlJIbHOro

H

MaKCHMaJIbHOro

Bo.n.onoTpe6JIeHH}l,

M1/q;

a - K03q,q,HIl.HeHT

3ana-

npHIIHMaeMbIH

paBHblM

1,04-1,1

npH

pa60Te

CTaHl\HH

Ha

O'lHCTHhle

coopYiKeHH}l,

,0

J

-I

,02 -

npH

OTCYTCTBHH O'lHCTHbIX

cooPYiKeHHH

nepe.n. aKKYMYJIHPYIOlll,eH

eM-

Tmin, T

max

- npo,n;OJIiKHrenbHOCTh

pa60TbI

HaCOCHOH

CTaHl\HH

COOTBeTCTBeH-

• pCiKHMe

MHHHMaJIbHOro

H

MaKCHMaJIbHOro

Bo.n.onoTpe6neHH}l,

'I;

Qmin, Qmax -

llo.n,onOTpe6JIeHH}l COOTBeTCTBeHHO

3a

BpeMH

Tmin

H T

max

, M3.

Tpe6yeMblH

Hanop

HaCOCOB (nOJIHa.!l BblCOTa no.n.'beMa) B

qaCbI

MHHHMaJIbHOro

"IICCHMaJIbHOro

Bo.n.onOTpe6JIeHH.!I

npH

cryneHqaTOM

peiKHMe

pa60TbJ

onpe.n.eJIR-

110

BblpaiKeHHHM

=Hr+

+

I,

Hmax =H r +

hmax

+

1,

(3.25)

r.n.e

Qrnax

CYT

- MaKCHMaJIbHbIH CYTOqHbIH pacxo.n., M'; a - K03q,q,Hl.(HeHT

3anaca,

•

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paBHblM

1,04-1,1

npH

pa60re

CTaHl\HH

Ha

OqHCTHble

coopYiKeHH}l,

H

1,01

II

l11in

,

Hmax

-

Tpe6yeMblH

Hanop

HaCOCOB

B

qaCbI

MHHHMaJIbHOro

H MaKCHMaJIbHO-

1,02

npH

OTCYTCTBHH OqHCTHblX

cOopYiKeHHH

nepe,ll, aKKYMYJIHpYIDlll,eH eMKOCTbIO

IOJ\on0Tpe6neHHH,

M;

h

min

, h

max

-

norepH

Hanopa

B

CHcreMe

nepeKaqKH

iKH.n.KOCTH

T - npo.n.OJIiKHTeJIbHOCTb

pa60Tbi

HacocHoH

CTaHl\HH B

reqeHHe

CymK,

'I

(npH

pas

RC'l'CTBeHHO

npH

pacxo.n.e

Qq.min

If

Q

•.

max,

M

(no

xapaKTepHCTHKe

Q-H

Tpy6onpo-

HOMepHoM

peiKHMe

pa60Tbl

T=

24"1).

All);

Hr

-

reoMeTpHqeCKaJI

BbiCOTa no.n.'beMa BO.n.bl,

M;

1 -

3anac

Hanopa,

M.

rIPH

pa60Te

CTaHIl.HH

6e3

aKKYMYJIHPYIDlll,eH eMKOCTH Bo.n.a no.n.aeTC.!I

Heno-

B CeTb,

n03ToMY

peiKHM

ee

pa60TbI

nonHOCTbIO cOOTBeTcTBYeT

peiKHMY

46

47

"'··rAP

....

"

HI

Hmax

Hmi.

HOH6amHH.

r.l\e

Q.ma;"

Hmax

HaCOCHOH CTaHIJ;HH;

Qmax

npOBO.l\a);

Hr

-

PO'~epBHble

HaCOCbl npHHHMaIOTCJI C XapaKTepHCTHKOH, COOTBeTCTByIOw.eH

••

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KpynHOMY

nacocy,

YCTaHOBJIeHHoMY HR HaCOCHOH CTaHQHH.

49

48

BO.l\OnOTPe6neHIHI. HaCOCbl B .l\aHHOM

cnY'Iae

nO.l\6HpaIOTCJI H3

paC'IeTa

Ha

'lac

60Jll,Illero

BO.l\OnOTpe6neHHJI B CYTKH

MaKCHMaJIbHOro

BO.l\onoTPe6neHHJI.

)l.nJl

CTPOHTCJI

cOBMew.eHHbIH

rpa(jlHK

pa60Tbl

HaCOCHOH CTaHQHH H

cent

(pHC.

3

aHaJIH3HpyeTCJI

06eCne'leHHOCTb

nO.l\a'lH

B

pa3nH'IHble

'IaCbl

CYTOK.

;1~--------~--------~

Puc.

3.23.

COBMeweHHblii rpa!j;lHK pa60TLI HaeoeHoii CTaHIUIH H

eeTH

"PH

pa60Te

6a

aKKYMYJIHpYlOweii

eMKOc:TH

KaK

npaBMJIO, B CHCTeMe

6e3

aKKYMYJlHpytOIlteit

eMKOCTH T:pe6YeTCJI

Ka

oom

..

Illero

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HaCOCOB,

ocHaw.eHHhIX

YCrpOHCTBaMH

peryJlHpOBaHHJI,

HO

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aKKyMYJlHpyIOIlteH

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.

MaKCHMaJIbHble

3Ha'leHHJI

HanOpa

H

nO.l\atIH

HaCOCHOH CTaHQHH

npH

6e3

aKKYMYnHpyIOw:eH

eMKOCm

onpe.l\emllOTCJI

no

BblpIDKeHHJlM

Q

•.

max

=a

Qmax'

H

max

=

Hr

+h

ma

• +

He.

,

- COOTBeTCTBeHHO MaKCHMaJIbHaJl'laCOBaJl

nO.l\a'la

(MJ/'I)

H

Hanop

a - KOl(jl(j>HIJ;HeHT

3anaca,

npHHHMaeMbIH

paBHblM

1,01-1

- MaKCHMaJIbHOe

BO.l\onorpe6neHHe

3a

CyTKH,

M

3

/'I;

h

max

-

nOTepH

Hanopa

B

TeMe

nepeKa'lKH

)lCH~KOCm

npH

paCXO.l\e Q

•.

max. M

(no

XapaKTepHCTHKe

Q-H

reoMerpH'IeCKaJl

BblCOTa nO.l\'beMa BO.l\bl,

M;

He.

-

TPe6yeMblH

60.l\HblH

Hanop

B

BO~OnpOBO.l\HOH

ceTH

B

TO'lKe,

npHHJlToit

3a

paC'IeTHyIO

(T.e.

KOTOPOH

onpe,neJleH

H

r

),

M.

PYKOBO.l\CTBOBaTbCJI Cne.l\YIOw.HMH nOnO)ICeHHlIMH:

pa60TaIOw.HX

napaJIJIeJlbHO.

3aCTaBJIJIIOT

"IO/VIT

K

He06xo.nHMoCTH

YCTaHOBKH

pa3HOmnHbIX

HaCOCOB (PHC.

3.23).

_CHMOCTH

OT

Ha3Ha'leHHJI

....

OC·rH

CTaHUHH H 'IRCJla

paoo'lHX

arperaToB

(Ta6n.

3.1).

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raTOB

Ha

CTaHUH.IlX

KaTerooHH

II

III

2

86160p

muna

U

'lUCJla

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ilPH

Bbl60pe

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H

onpe.l\eneHliH

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pa60'lHX

arperaToB

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1.

ilo,na'la

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HaCOCOB .l\On)ICHa

6bITb

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MJI

06eCne'leHHlI

pacxo~a

npH

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Hanope.

2.

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MO)ICHO

MeHbille

paoo'lHX

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TaK

KaK

II

KpynHblH

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MeHee

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B

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oonee

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4.

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HaCOCHblX CTaHQHJlX YCTaHaBJIHBaTb HaCOCbl

o.nuoro

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HeKoTOpbIX

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npHMeHeHHJI

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paOOroH

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a

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pa3HbIe

pacxo.l\b1 C

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5.

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tIucno

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npHHHMaeTCJI B COOTBeTCTBHH C

KaTeropHeH

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K Ha,l:\e)ICHOCTH

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rpeooBaHHJlMH

Ha-

"'OCTH

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Bo,nocHa6>KeHHJI, HaCOCHble CTaHQHH nO.l\pa3,neJIJllOT

Ha

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53

Вагин Г.Я., Петрицкий С.А. Энергоснабжение

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