Вальков В.Ф., Штомпель Ю.А., Трубилин И.Т. и др. Почвы Краснодарского края, их использование и охрана
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HhIl'vIH
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H
BOP;Ho<pH3H'IeCKHJ\
IH
CBoHcTBaMH
P;JIJl
B03p;eJI
h
IBaHHJl
M H
OrOJIe
TH
HX
KyJIbTY
p .
BOJIhlIIaJl
'laCTh
HX
3aHJlTa
cap;aMH,
BHHorpap;HHKal'vIH
H
npHycap;e6HhIMH
Y'laC'I'KaMH.
C o
6cnwelilio
a.n.n1(J61w.nblib
l e
Jlyzo6ble
Ha
-
cbwt,.elilible
rW'l6bl
3aHHl'vIUlOT
75
-
80%
nJIOw;ap;H
aJIJIlOBHaJIbHh
l X
JIyroBhIx
rrO'lB
p;eJIb'I'hI
Ky6uHH.
B
reHeTHtIeCKOM
OTHOlIIeHHH
OHH
CTaplIIe
onH
-
37
rVl.uPOMOP<:PH
bIE
nOLJBbl
caHHbIX
BhIllie
CJIOHCThIX
nO'lB.
K
HX
OCHOBHh
I M
xa
pUKTepHcTHKUM
OTHOCJl'I'CJl:
-
3Ha~IHTeJIhHaJl
MOW;HOCTh
ryMycoBhIx
1'
0 -
PH30H'I'OB
(50
-
100
CM
H
60JIee);
-
XOPOlliO
BhIpu:rn:eH
H
aJl
p;H<p<pepeHIJ,HUIJ,HJl
rrpocpHJIJl
Ha
r
eHeTHtIeCKHe
rOpH30H'I'hI;
-
H!l.)JWfHe
I'H,1J;pOMOP<pHbIX
rrpH3HaKOB
(OXpHC
-
Tble
nJlTHa,
npOn<H
.
TIKH
p>KaB'lHHhI)
06hI'IHO
B
no.n;na-
XOTHOM
roPH30HTe
;
roPH30HTb
I
BC
H C Or
JIeeHhI
;
HaJIH'lHe
B
no
.n;n
OtIBe
op;Horo
HJIH
HeCKOJIhKHX
Ilorpe6eHHhIx
rOpHaOH'I'OB;
-
CrJIa:rr.:eHHUJl
(no
cpaBHeHH
lO
co
CJIOHCTbIMH
rro~IBuMH)
HJIH
HeJlCHO
Bhlpa>KeHHaJl
CJIOHC'I'OCTb;
-
60.TIee
85%
nJIOW;Up;H
3TUX
rrOtIB
HMelO'I'
JIerKOrJIHHHC'I'hIH
H
TJl>KeJIOcyrJIHHHCTh
I H
Mexa
-
HH<IecKHH
COCTUB
H
nOp;CTHJIalOTCJl
OTJIo:rn:eHHJl
-
MH
TaKoro
>Ke
COCT
UBU;
-
60JIee
85
% ITJIOu.r,a,n;H
3'I'HX
nOtIB
He3aCO
.TIeHO.
ITo
MOW;HOCTH
ryMycoBhIX
rOpH30H'I'OB
OHH
O'I'HOCJlTCJl
K
MOW;HbIM
H
cpep;
H
eMOW;HbIM,
rro
COp;e
p
>KUHHlO
ryMyca
(2
-
3%)
- K c
JIa60rYMYc
-
HhIM
( T
a6JI.
63
-
66).
63.
rylUYC,
CO~
Kllp60H8TOB,
COKpllm;eHHhIe
no
-
KIl31lTeJIH
rpIlHyJIO~teTpH'IeCKoro
COCTIlBIl
IlJIJlIO-
BHIlJIbHOH
JIyroBoH
HIlCblm;eHHoH
nO'lBbI,
%.
!:
r
JIy6H
-
ry
-
Cf>H3~Ie-
Cf>H3~e
-
fiJI
,
CO2
Ha,
CM
MyC
I-:ap60
-
CI-:HH
neCOI-:, CKa$l r.'IH-
"-
HaTOB .;>
0,01
MM
Ha,
-<
0,01
0,
001
MM MM
0-23
2,50
1,07
61,2
38,8
18,0
2,12
0,80
55,
7
40
-50
44,3
18,0
70
-
80
1,44
3,64
55,0
45
,0
22,3
150-160
3,91
38,0
62
,0
29,7
64
OcHoBHble
nOKl\3I\TeJIH
BOAHO-<ilH3H'IecKHX
CBOHCTB
I\JIJIIOBIUlJIbIIOH
JIyroBOH
HIlCbno;emlOH
nO'llJbr-
':
r _
'ly6H
-
Il
.
IloT
-
IlJIOT
-
Ilop03-
H
aH
-
YCTaHoBHB-
Ha,
CM ROCTb
HOCTh HOCTh,
MeHb
III
a$l IIIa$lC$I
BO
-
TBep -
%
BJIarOeM-
p;onpOHH
-
,u;OH
KOCTb,% n;aeMOCTb,
cpa3bI
06'beMa
M/ CYTKH
0-
23
2,61
1,22
.
53,3
38,9
0,
72
23
-
49
2,67
1
,37
48
,7
37,8
49
-
87
2,70
1
,40
48,2
36,7
87
-
152
2,71
1,41
48,0
36
,2
1
52
-
200
2,70
1,41
47,8
36,2
65.
COCTIlB
BO~HOH
BbITR~KH
liJIJIIOBHIlJIbHO
H
JIyroBOH
IfIlCblm;eHHoH
nO'lBbI,
M .
-3KB
HIl
100
r
CYXOH
nO'lBbI*
r J
ly6H-
Ha,
eM
Cyxoil:
OCTa
-
TOK,%
HCO
a
CI
SO
"
Ca
Mg
0,
16
0,12
Na
0,15
0,15
0-
23
0,044
0,5
0,13 0,02
0,02
0,34
0,38
40-50
0,044
0,5
0,
13
70
-
80
0,064
0,5
0,12
0,08
0,07
0,46
0,50
0,
13'
0,17
0,11
0,15
150-
1
60
0,056
0,59
0,16
MeCTOnOJlO;.Kelm
e pa3pe3a
M52 .
on
<:p
"O
P
,ilb
IH
CK
,
HI"
CJIalJllHCKOrO
paiioHa; Ky6aHbfltnpolJOllXOJ .
199
..
113
nUlBEHHbl1lf nOKPOB
66.
ITOI'
JIO~eBBbIe
OCBOBIlHHH
H
3HIl
'leHHH
pH
IlJIJIIOBH8JIbBOH
JIyroBoH
HIlCblm;eBBoH
nO'lBbI,
M.-3KB
HIl
100
I'
nO'lBbI*
r .
JIy6H-
CYMMa
Ca
Mg
Na
pH
BO,o;.
Ha,
CM
0-
23
28,67
21,00
6,
72
0,95
7,4
73,2
23,4
3,4
40-50
27,64
20,16
6.72
0,76
7,3
70-80
72,9
24,3
2,8
7,6
150
-
160
7,6
Co,n;epmUHHe
Kap6oHuTOB
B
IIUXOTHOM
ropH
-
30HTe
COCTaBJISIeT
0,5
-
3%,
BHH3
110
IIpOCPHJIIO
OHO
B03paCTueT
,0;0 4 -
7%,
U B
OT,n;eJIbHbIX
CJI)"{U
-
SIX B
MaTepHHCKOH
1I0po,n;e
Ha6JIIO,n;aJIOCb
12
%
CaC0
3
•
PeaKll,HSI
1I0'lBeHHOH
cpe,n;bI
B
lIaXOTHOM
rOpH30HTe
HeHTpaJIbHaSI
(pH
7-7,6),
B
ropH30H
-
Tax
B H C
CJIa60~eJIO'lHaSI
,n;o
~eJIO'lHOH
(pH
7,7
-
8,3).
EMKOCTb
1I0rJIO~eHHSI
3aBHCHT
OT
Me
-
XaHH'IeCKOrO
COCTaBa
1I0'lB
H
co,n;ep~aHHJl
rYMY
ca
H
BapbHpyeT
OT
35-45
M.
-
3KB
HU
100
I'
1I0~IBbI
Y
MO
~
HbIX
rJIHHHCTbIX
1I0'lB,
,n;o
22
-
25
M.
-
;)KB
Y
cpe,n;HeMO~HbIX
cpe,n;HecyrJIHHHCTbIX
1I0'lB.
B
lIlIK
(rrO'lBeHHOM
rrOrJIO~UIO~eM
KOMIIJIeKce)
npe0
6
JIa,n;aeT
KaJIbll,HH,
3aHHMuIO~HH
80-85%.
lIOrJIO~eHHbIH
H
aTPHH
COCTUBJISIeT
He
60JIee
2 - 4 %
CYMMbI
nOrJIO~eHHbIX
oCHoBaHHH.
06ec
-
ne'leHHOCTb
no,n;BH~HbIM
CPOCCPOpOM
06bI'IHO
cpe)I;HHJl,
06MeH
HbI
M
KaJIHeM
-
O'leHb
BblCOKaSI.
lIo
BeJIH'IHHaM
06'beMHOH
MaCChI
H
nopHC
-
TOCTH
rJIHHHCThIe
1I0'lBb
I
Oll,eHHBUIOTCJl
KaK
cpe,n;HenJIOTHble
B
lIaXOTHOM
H
nJIOTHble
B rro,n;-
naXOTHOM
ropH30HTax;
BO,n;OllpOHHll,ueMOCTb
HX
~0,6
M/CYTKH)
C'IHTaeTCSI
cpe,n;HeBbICOKOH.
COOT
-
BeTCTBeHHO,
TSImeJIO-
H
cpe,n;HecyrJIHHHCTble
n
O'lBbI
Oll,eHHBUIOTCJl
KaK
PbIXJIble
B
nUXOTHOM
rOpH30HTe
H
cpe,o;HepbIXJIble
B
no,n;IIUXOTHbIX
1'0
-
pH30HTax;
Bo,n;orrpOHHll,aeMOCTb
HX
OTHOCHTCSI
K
cpe,n;HeBhIcoKoH
(1,0
-
1,3
M/CYTKH).
3aCOJIeHHhIe
pa3HOBH)l;HOCTH
3UHHMaIOT
OKOJIO
15%
rr.'lo~a)I;H
OIlHCbIBueMoro
1I0)I;THrra
rrO'lB.
f
JIy60KOCJIa60coJIOH'laKOBhIe
H c _
'la60co
-
JIOH'IaKOBaTble
nO'lBhI
COCTaBJISIIOT
OKOJIO
90%
llJIO
~
a,n;H
3aCOJIeHHbIX
1I0'lB
H
OKOJIO
10
%
rrJIO
-
~a,n;H
-
cJIa60COJIOH'IaKOBble
1I0'lBbI.
THn
3aco-
JIeHHSI
IIpeHMy~eCTBeHHO
XJIOpH,n;HO-CyJIb
-
cpaTHbIH,
peme
cYJIbcpaTHO-XJIOPH,n;HbIH.
HCrrOJIb
-
3yIOTCSI
Ha3BaHHhIe
nO'lBbI
no,n;
nailiHIO
B
3epHo
-
BbIX
H
KOPMOBbIX
ceBo060poTax.
AlLlLI06lUlJLbHbie
JLya
o6ble
ItaCbll4eHHbl
e
me.Jt
-
HOl~6emHble
no'l6bl
BCTPe'laIO'reSI
,n;OBOJIbHO
pe)I;KO
B
30He
nepexo,o;u
,n;peBHeH
,n;eJIbTbI
B
cOBpeMeHHYID
H
npHypO'leHbI
K
06IlIHPHbIM
rrJIOCKHM
H
HerJIy6o
-
KRM
,n;ellpeccHSIM
.
YI'B
1I0,n;
3THMH
1I0'lBaJ\.lH
1-1,5
M,
MHHepaJIH3UJ.l,HSI
r
pyH'I'OBblX
BO,n;
3-10
r
/JIHTP.
,I(aHHbIe
1I0'lBbI
XapaKTepH3YIDTCJl:
MO~HhIM
rYMYCOBbIM
ropH30HTOM
(70-100
CM),
OTHOCSICb
K
MOlll,HhIM
H
cpe,n;He
-
MOlll,HbIM;
-
60JIee
TeMHOH
('IepHO
-
cepOH)
110
cpUBHe
-
* MeCTOIlOJIO)KeHlle
paJPe38
N.!523
.
On<I>
" OP.lD>lRCKa,q" CnaIDlHCKOrO
pailoHa;
Ky6aHbrHIlPOUOJlX03 .
1994
.
HHIO
C
paHee
onHcaHHbIMH
no,n;THrrUMH
OKpaCKOI1:
BepXHero
ropH30HTa;
-
co,n;epmaHHeM
ryMyca
OT
4,n;0
6'
lIa
,
T.e.
OTHOCHTCSI
K
MaJIOrYMYCHbIM
1I0'lBaM;
-
OTCYTCTBHeM
CJIOHCTOCTH;
-
cJIa60~eJIO'lHOH
peaKll,H
eH B
lIaXOTHOM
rOpH30HTe
(pH
7.6-7,7)
H
~eJIO'lHOH
B
ropH30H-
Tax
B H
BC
(pH
7,8
-
8,7);
-
co,n;epmaHHeM
Kap60HaTOB
B
naXOTHOI\l
rOpH30HTe
0,5
- 1 %
(BcKHllaHHe
oTCYTCTByeT)
H
3-7%
B
ropH30HTax
BC
H
C;
-
IIpeHMy~eCTBeHHO
cpe)I;HerJIHHHCTbIM,
pe;.Ke
JIerKOrJIHHHCTbIM
MeXaHH'lecKHM
COCTaBOM;
-
Cpe)I;HeH
06eclle'leHHOCTbIO
nO)I;BHmHblM
cpoc
-
CPOPOM H
O'leHb
.
BbICOKOH
06ecrre~IeHHOCTbIO
KaJIHeM.
BO,n;HO
-
cpH3H~IecKHe
CBoHcTBa
OIlHCblBaeMblX
1I0'lB
He6JIarOnpHSITHhI:
nJIOTHOCTb
B
ropH30HTax
3
B H
BC
,n;OCTHraeT
1,50
-
1,55
r /
cM
;
3anac
H
e-
IIpO,n;yKTHBHOH
BJIUrH
COCTaBJIHeT
50
-
80
% H aH
MeHbilieH
BJIarOeMKOCTH;
YCTaHOBHBillaSICH
BO,o;O
npOHRll,aeMOCTb
(0,016
M /
CYTKH)
Oll,eHHBaeTCR
KaK
O'leHb
HH3KaSI.
OKOJIO
90
%
nJIO~a,n;H
TeMHOll,BeTHbIX
1I0'lB
3aCOJIeHO.
lIpeHMy~ecTBeHHo
pacnpOCTpaHeHbJ
rJIy60KOCJIa603aCOJIeHHble
(,11.0
60
% ) H
cJIa60
- H
cpe,n;HeCOJIOH'IaKOBaTbIe
(OKOJIO
30
% )
pa3HOBH,n;
-
HOCTH;
TH
n
3UCOJIeHHSI
cYJIbcpaTHbIH.
,I(aHHble
1I0'lBhI
HCIIOJIb3YIOTCJl
B
3epHOBbIX
H
OBo~eKOp
MOBhIX
ceBo060poTax.
He6.'lurOnpHRTHble
·BO,n;HO-
cpH3H'leCKHe
CBOHCTBa
H
rrpHypO'leHHOCTb
K
no
-
HHJi
~
eHHbIM
3J
leMeHTUM
peJIbecpa
Ollpe,n;eJIH.TIH
1I0,n;BepmeHHOCTb
npHMepHO
1I0JIOBHHbI
n
JI
O~
a
,o;H
3THX
1I0'lB
KpaTKOBpeMeHHOMY
H
BpeMeHHOMY
lIepeYBJIUmHeHHIO
B
3HMHe
-
BeceHHHH
nepHO,n;.
lIepeYBJIamHeHHe
OrpUHH'IHBaeT
1I0ceBbI
03HMblX
KyJIbTyp
H
MHOrOJIeTHHX
TpUB.
JIyw6bl
.e
IW'l6bl
B
reoMoPCPOJIO
r
H'IeCKOM
OT
-
HOIlIeHHH
npHypO'leHbI
K
,n;peBHeH
,n;eJIbTe
Ky6a
-
HH
- B
B03paCTHOM
OTHOIlIeHHH
naH60JIee
cTapoH
'IUCTH
,o;eJIbThI,
,o;JIHTeJIbHOe
BpeMH
He
3UTan
J
IH
-
BaeMOH
H
He
OMo.'lamHBUeMoH
CBemHM
aJIJIIOBH
·
eM.
fpYHTOBble
BO,lJ;bI
3UJIeraIOT
Ha
rJIy6HHe
1,6
-
2,5
M,
KaIlH.'lJIRpHaR
KUHMa
HX
,o;OCTHrueT
1I0BepXHOCTH,
MHHepUJIH3all,HSI
HX
BapbHpyeT
B
llIHPOKHX
rrpe,n;eJIax
-
OT
0,6,0;0
8 -
15r
/
JIHTP.
lIOCTOJlHHOe
B03,o;eHcTBHe
KUilHJIJIJlPHOH
KaHMhI
rpYHTOBbIX
BO,n;
H
HUJIH'IHe
rH,n;poMoPCPHhIX
IIpH3HaKoB
B
HHmH
eH
'I
U
CTH
rYMYCOBoro
npocpH
JIH
YKa3hIBaeT
Ha
JlBHhIH
rH,lJ;pOMoPCPHhIH
reHe
- '
3HC
3THX
nO'lB.
O,o;HaKo
B
HHX
IIpOCMaTpHBaIOTCR
HeKOTOpble
rrpH3HaKH
OCTeIlHeHHSI:
CJIOHCTOCTb
B
IIpocpHJIe
1I0'lB
CrJIameH
a
(HO
3U
M
eTHa
B 1I0,o;CTH-
JIaIO~eH
1I0po,n;e),
'laCTO
OHH
Xapa
K
TepH3YIOTCJl
MO~HbIM
H
CBepXMO~HhIM
ryMycoBhIM
npocpH-
JIeM
H
co,n;epmaT
BblCOKHe
3a
ll
aCbI
ryMyca
,
HHO
-
r,n;a
B
rrpocpHJIe
BbIJlBJISIeTCSI
Kap60HaTHbIH
nceB
·
,n;oMHll,eJIHH.
8TH
IIpH3HaKH
,n;aBaJIH
OCHOBaHHR
HCCJIe,n;OBUTeJIJlM
,n;o
BbIxo,n;a
"KJIaCcHcpHKall,HH
H
,n;HarHOCTHKH
nO'lB
CCCP"
OTHOCHTb
HaH60JIee
MO~Hble
H3
TaKHX
1I0'lB
K
6JIH3KHM
rro
1I0TeH
-
IJ;HaJIbHOMY
llJIO,n;OPO,o;HIO
JIyroBo-'IepH03e
M HOBH,n;-
HhIM
H
,n;a~e
JIyroBO
'
'lepH03eMHbIM
1I0'lBaM
.
He
-
114
60JIhUHIe
rr
.!JOI.IJ;a,n;M
JIYI'oBhlx
rrO
'l
B
opOUIalOTCJI
,n;o~,n;eBaHMe
M
B
Te'leHMe
10-15
JIe
T .
IIo
cpaB
H
e-
H M
IO
C
HeopoUIaeMhIMH
rrO'lBaMM
OHH
He
MMeIOT
f
WKHX-
JI
M60
M o
ptPOJIOI'H'leCKHX
MJIM
aI'pOXHMH
-
'-IeCKHX
oc06eHHOCTeH,
KpOMe
ynJIOTHeHHJI
M
CHH:.-KeHHJI
Bo,n;onpOHMu;aeMOCTM.
BM,n;MMO,
OTCYT-
CTBHe
BhlpajKeHHhIX
MOPtPOJIO
r
H'-IeCKHX
n OCJIe,n;-
CT
BMH
opO
UI
eHHR
,n;O:.-K,n;eBaHHeM
onpe,n;eJIReTCR
HX
rH,n;pOMOP<PHhIM
reHe3MCOM.
IIo
MeXaHH'leCKOMY
COCTaBY
JIYI'oBhIe
rr
o'-I-
BhI
rrp
eHI\1Y
I.IJ;
eC
TB
eHHO
(60JIee
85%)
JIerKO
I'
.
llH-
HHCThle
H
TR~eJIOc
y
I'.!JMHHCThIe;
no
BeJIH'IHHal\1
06'heMHOH
MaCCh
I H n
opHCTOCTH
OTHOCRTCR
K
cpe,n;He
n
JIOT
H hI M B
naXOTHOM
H
no,n;naXO
T
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