Wilamowski B.M., Irwin J.D. The Industrial Electronics Handbook. Second Edition: Industrial Communication Systems

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37-2 Industrial Communication Systems

First,.a.general.denition.of.Industrial.Ethernet.is.built,.as.well.as.a.technological.classication.of.the.

solutions.into.four.categories.. en.a.focus.is.given.on.standardized.solutions.of.the.IEC.61158.

Finally,

.a.synthesis.table.is.proposed.to.give.the.main.features.of.each.solution..Indeed,.there.is.no.

solution.adapted.for.all.problems,.and.industries.have.to.be.aware.of.both.functional.and.technical.

requirements.to.choose.the.best.tted.Industrial.Ethernet.solution.

37.2 Industrial Ethernet

In.the.IT.domain,.Ethernet,.TCP.(or.UDP),.and.IP.are.now.the.de.facto.standards..Most.higher.layer.

protocols,.open.or.proprietary,.rely.on.those.protocols.for.access.control,.network,.and.transport.ser-

vices.

. us,.higher.layer.communications.protocols.can.easily.coexist.on.the.same.network..Moreover,.

many.standard.protocols.over.TCP/IP,.for.instance,.FTP.for.le.transfer.or.HTTP.for.transporting.web.

pages,.commonly.provide.the.necessary.network.services.needed.by.applications.. is.is.far.from.being.

the.case.in.the.industrial.networking.solutions,.as.it.is.shown.in.the.two.following.subsections..Section.

37.2.3.then.suggests.a.classication.of.“Industrial.Ethernet”.solutions.

37.2.1 What Does Ethernet Mean?

Ethernet.is.dened.in.the.IEEE.802.3.standard..It.provides.most.of.the.functions.and.services.corre-

sponding

.to.layers.1.and.2.of.the.OSI.model.(cf..Chapter.1).and.is.well.known.for.its.famous.and.conve-

nient

.medium.access.control.method:.CSMA/CD.(cf..Section.2.1).

However,

.when.associated.with.the.adjective.“industrial,”.Ethernet.can.refer.to.three.dierent.exclu-

sive

.meanings..Such.designation.can.either.only.use.Ethernet.standard.products,.including.network.

interface.cards.(NICs),.switches,.and.cables;.be.used.in.a.network.with.Ethernet.standard.hardware.but.

with.specic.NICs;.or.only.use.Ethernet.cables,.everything.else.being.specic.

.a.consequence,.dierent.Industrial.Ethernet.types.are.not.interoperable.and.may.or.may.not.coexist.

on.the.same.network,.depending.on.the.solutions.

Gateway or DMZ

is illustration

shows the maximal

segmentation.

ese dierent

levels can be

assembled in many

dierent ways.

Corporate LAN

Industrial LAN

Level 3 : Domain

applications

Industrial LAN

supervision & control

Level 2 : local SCADA &

HMI

Level 1 : PLCs

Level 0 : Instrumentation

Levels concerned

by industrial

Ethernet solutions.

Fieldbus

Gateway

Automation network

FIGURE 37.1 eoretical.network.segmentation.from.Corporate.LAN.(top).to.Fieldbus.(bottom).

Industrial Ethernet 37-3

37.2.2 What Does Industrial Mean?

“Industrial”.refers.to.the.compatibility.with.harsh.industrial.environment..Users.are.oen.more.concerned.

wit

.and.wat

chful

.to.thi

.fea

ture.

Let

.us.de

tail

.so

.pr

operties

.th

.an.in

dustrial

.ne

twork

.sh

ould

.sa

tisfy.

Connectors and hardware compatible with industrial environment

Communication

. har

dware—electronic

. com

ponents,

. shi

elding,

. har

dware

. pro

tections

. and.

con

nectors—must

.be.abl

.to.ope

rate

.in.an.ind

ustrial

.env

ironment.

.IP6

.cer

tification,

.M12.

con

nectors,

.EMI.and.IEC

.cer

tification

.are.exa

mples

.of.req

uirements.

Service guaranties (cf. Chapter 17)

.Ethe

rnet

.use

.the. CSM

A/CD

.mec

hanism

.to. man

age

.the. med

.acc

ess;

.it. can

not

.gua

ran-

tee

.eit

her

.the.arr

ival

.of.a.fra

.or.its.tra

nsfer

.tim

.To.be.use

.at.the.pla

.oo

.Ind

ustrial

Ethe

rnet

.so

lutions

.sh

ould

.gi

.so

.gu

aranties

.de

tailed

.he

reaer.

Transmission time guaranties (cf. Chapter 19)

Control

.sys

tems

.are.rea

l-time

.sys

tems,

.so.inf

ormation

.mus

.be.tra

nsmitted

.in.a.bou

nded

.tim

How

ever,

.Eth

ernet,

.eve

.swi

tched

.and.usi

.ful

l-duplex

.lin

ks,

.can

not

.gua

rantee

.bou

nded

tra

nsfer

.tim

.and.jit

ter.

.For.mul

timedia

.app

lications,

.thi

.pro

blem

.has.bee

.sol

ved

.tha

nks

to.pri

oritization

.of.ow

.and.vir

tual

.LAN.(VL

AN),

.now.sta

ndardized

.in.the.IEE

.802

.1Q

[14

]

.and.IEE

.802

.1D

.[13

. is.sol

ution

.ena

bles

.to.red

uce

.jit

ter

.and.gua

rantee

.tra

nsfer

tim

.as. low.as.abo

.10.ms.(fo

.hig

h-priority

.tra

c).

.How

ever,

.the

.are. sti

.sta

tistical

ass

essments.

For

.tra

c

.nee

ding

.low

.or.det

erministic

.tra

nsfer

.tim

.Ethe

rnet

.has.to.be.mod

ied.

.In.thi

.cas

.two.

sol

utions

.ca

.be.fo

und:

•

. e.pr

otocol

.it

self

.is.mo

died

•

. Or.ne

twork

.co

mponents

.im

plement

.sp

ecic

.co

mmunication

.ma

nagement

.fu

nctions

.bot

.sol

utions,

.thi

.mod

ication

.is.oe

.bas

.on.the.pri

nciple

.of.tim

.div

ision

.mul

tiple

.acc

ess

(TD

MA)

.(c

.TD

.Ch

apters

.17.an

.43

37.2.2.1

redu

ndancy

Standard

.Eth

ernet

.do

.no

.su

pport

.ph

ysical

.li

.re

dundancy

.fe

ature.

.Spanning.Tree.Protocol.has.been.developed.and.standardized.in.the.IEEE802.1D.. is.protocol.

mak

.it.pos

sible

.for.sev

eral

.phy

sical

.pat

.to.exi

.bet

ween

.two.mac

hines.

.How

ever,

.the.tim

.nee

ded

for.a.net

work

.rec

onguration

.wit

.thi

.pro

tocol

.is.rea

lly

.slo

.(ov

.10.s),.eve

.for.ent

erprise

.inf

ormation

app

lications.

.Con

sequently,

.the.Rap

.Span

ning

.Tre

.has.bee

.dev

eloped.

.With.thi

.pro

tocol,

.a.net

work

rec

onguration

.re

quires

.ab

out

.1.s.

wever,

.in.cas

.of.fai

lure

.in.the.com

munication

.pat

.thi

.can.sti

.be.too.slo

.for.con

trol

.sys

tem

.net

works.

.As.a.con

sequence,

.auto

mation

.ven

dors

.hav

.dev

eloped

.pro

prietary

.sol

utions

.of.“vi

rtual

rin

gs,”

.oe

.bas

.on.spe

cic

.net

work

.dev

ices.

.One.suc

.sol

ution

.has.bee

.sta

ndardized

.und

.the.

nam

.“M

edia

.Re

dundancy

.Pr

otocol”

.(M

RP)

.in.th

.IE

.62

439

.[1

1].

37.2.2.2

De

nition of

appl

ication Domain Proles

Most

.Ind

ustrial

.Ethe

rnet

.sol

utions

.inc

lude

.app

lication

.pro

les.

. es

.sol

utions

.mak

.pos

sible

.an.eng

neering

.so

ware

.su

ite

.th

.ta

kes

.in

.ac

count

.de

vice

.sp

ecicities.

 ese

.pro

les

.are.car

ried

.by.eit

her

.tex

.le

.suc

.as.EDD

.or.so

ware

.pie

ces

.suc

.as.DTM

. ey.

de

.the.beh

avior

.and.use.the.ope

rating

.mod

.of.equ

ipments

.in.ord

.to.hav

.sta

ndard

.int

erfaces

.and.

ser

vices

.fo

.co

mmunication.

37-4 Industrial Communication Systems

Safety (cf. Chapter 21)

.IEC.617

84-3

.sta

ndard

.spe

cies

.ded

icated

.pro

les

.for.saf

ety.

.Pre

sently,

.onl

.two.Ind

ustrial

Ethe

rnet

.sol

utions

.hav

.a.pro

le

.in.thi

.sta

ndard,

.Ethe

rNet/IP

.(CI

.Saf

ety)

.and.Pro

Net

.IO.

(Pr

oSafe).

.Oth

.Ind

ustrial

.Ethe

rnet

.sol

utions

.pro

pose

.a.saf

ety

.pro

le

.but.not.a.sta

ndardized

one

.su

.as.“s

afety

.ov

.Eth

erCAT.”

Cyber Security (cf. Chapter 22)

Vendors

.oe

.com

plete

.the

.auto

mation

.oe

.wit

.sol

utions

.to.sec

ure

.the.net

work.

.In.par

ticular,

for.the.con

nection

.bet

ween

.ind

ustrial

.and.cor

porate

.dom

ains,

.ven

dors

.pro

pose

.re

walls

.wit

a.co

nguration

.ad

apted

.to.au

tomation

.te

chnicians’

.sk

ills.

37.2.3 Classication of Industrial Ethernet Solutions

In.the.previous.composite.denition.of.Industrial.Ethernet,.it.appears.that.there.are.dierent.Industrial.

Ethe

rnet

.sol

utions.

.Bef

ore

.lis

ting

.and.com

paring

.the.di

erent

.sta

ndardized

.sol

utions,

.fou

.cat

egories

are.pr

oposed

.to.cl

assify

.In

dustrial

.Eth

ernet

.so

lutions

.ac

cording

.to.th

.te

chnology

.us

ed.

. 1..“Fu

.Eth

ernet”

 ese

.net

works

.use.the.Eth

ernet

.sta

ndard

.IEE

E802.3.

.To.avo

.unc

ertainty

.due.to.col

lisions,

.all.

the

.net

works

.are.swi

tched

.and.lin

.are.used.in.ful

.dup

lex.

. ey.can.also.be.based.on.sta

ndard

pri

oritization

.of.dat

.ove

.Eth

ernet

.and.the.est

ablishment

.of.VLA

.(IE

.802

.1p

.and.IEE

.802

.1Q).

How

ever,

.wit

hout

.any.man

agement

.of.dat

.ow

.by.the.emi

tting

.sta

tions

.(em

ission

.rat

.min

imum

and.max

imum

.siz

.of.fra

mes,

.etc

.the

.can.onl

.pro

vide

.sta

tistical

.gua

ranties

.of.serv

ice.

Advantage:

. e.use.of.COTS.network.devices.can.coexist.with.other.Industrial.Ethernet.solutions.

and.wi

.st

andard

.Eth

ernet

.st

ations.

Drawback:

.No.gu

arantee

.of.de

terministic

.se

rvices

Examples:

.Mod

bus/TCP,

.Ethe

rnet/IP,

.Pro

Net

.IO.RT,.FF.HSE.(Fi

eldbus

.Fou

ndation

.Hig

h-Speed

Ethe

rnet)

. 2.. “Eth

ernet

.co

mpatible”

.bu

.usi

.sp

ecic

.de

vices

.gua

rantee

.har

.rea

l-time

.per

formances,

.the

.kin

.of.sol

utions

.usu

ally

.imp

lement

.pro

pri-

etary

.man

agement

.of.tra

c

.insi

.swi

tches

.bas

.on.tim

.sli

cing.

.Hen

ce,

.it.is.man

datory

.to.use.

onl

.sp

ecic

.ne

twork

.de

vices.

Advantage:

.Ca

.co

exist

.wi

.st

andard

.Eth

ernet

.st

ations;

.ca

.pr

ovide

.de

terministic

.gu

aranties

Drawback:

.Us

.sp

ecic

.ne

twork

.de

vices

Example:

.Pr

oNet

.IO.IR

. 3..Imp

lemented

.on.co

mmon

.Eth

ernet

.de

vices

 ese

.net

works

.can.be.use

.wit

.sta

ndard

.Eth

ernet

.har

dware.

. ey.use.sta

ndard

.lay

ers

.de

ned

in.802

.3.

.Upp

.lay

ers

.are.mod

ied

.in.ord

.to.man

age

.the.net

work

.tra

c,

.so.tha

.gua

ranteed

ser

vices

.can.be.pro

vided.

. us

.it.is.not.pos

sible

.to.con

nect

.a.sta

ndard

.Eth

ernet

.sta

tion

.dir

ectly

to.the.net

work

.sin

.it.wou

.not.imp

lement

.the.lay

ers

.man

aging

.the.com

munications

.on.the.

bus

.A.gat

eway

.is.gen

erally

.oe

red

.to.pro

vide

.con

nectivity

.to.sta

ndard

.Eth

ernet

.LAN

Advantage:

.Us

.CO

.ne

twork

.de

vices;

.ca

.pr

ovide

.de

terministic

.gu

aranties

Drawback:

.Uses.specic.NICs.or.requires.specic.communication.management.layers.and.cannot.

coe

xist

.wi

.ot

her

.In

dustrial

.Eth

ernet

.or.st

andard

.Eth

ernet

.st

ations

Example:

.Eth

ernet

.Po

werlink

. 4.. New.e

ldbuses

.usi

.Eth

ernet

.li

nks

 ese

.net

works

.de

.a.MAC.lay

.di

erent

.fro

.Ethe

rnet

.to.pro

vide

.rea

l-time

.cap

abilities.

. ey.

req

uire

.the.use.of.spe

cic

.dev

ices.

. es

.are.the.lat

est

.gen

eration

.el

dbuses,

.oe

.pro

viding

.bet

ter

.per

formances

.tha

.tho

.of.oth

.net

works.

. ey.usu

ally

.pro

vide,

.as.did.cla

ssical

.el

dbuses,

an.acy

clic

.tra

c

.ser

vice

.tha

.ena

bles

.enc

apsulating

.oth

.ow

.suc

.as.Int

ernet

.ow.(ht

tp,

.etc

.),

by.me

ans

.of.ga

teways.

Industrial Ethernet 37-5

Advantage:.Provides.deterministic.guaranties.and.hard.real-time.performances

Drawback:

.Uses.spec

ic

.netw

ork

.devi

ces

.and.spec

ic

.stat

ions;

.cann

.coex

ist

.with.othe

.Indu

strial

Ether

net

.and.sta

ndard

.Ethe

rnet

.sta

tions

Examples:

.Ethe

rCAT,

.SER

COS

.III

37.3 Standardized Solutions of IEC 61158 and IEC 61784

Industrial.Ethernet.proles.have.been.included.in.the.IEC.61158.standard.(Industrial.communication.

netw

orks—Fieldbus

. spec

ications)

. and. IEC. 6178

. (Ind

ustrial

. comm

unication

. netw

orks—Proles).

Inde

ed,

.exce

.Ether

CAT

.and.Ether

net

.Powe

rlink,

.Indu

strial

.Ether

net

.pro

les

.are.adde

.to.exis

ting

pro

.fami

lies

.(or.CPF.for.Comm

unication

.Pro

.Fami

lies).

.In.this.stan

dard,

.a.pro

.(or.CP.for.

Comm

unication

.Pro

le)

.is.den

.as.a.set.of.all-

layer

.spec

ications

.whil

.a.fami

.is.a.set.of.pro

.with.

simil

.app

lication

.lay

ers.

Under

.the.prom

ise

.of.bett

.inte

roperability,

.16.die

rent

.Indu

strial

.Ether

net

.pro

les

.are.stan

dard-

ized

.grou

ped

.in.11.fami

lies

.in.IEC.6115

.[1–6

]

.and.IEC.6178

.[7–9

.whic

.are.not.more.inte

roperable

than.the

.anc

estors,

.el

dbuses.

.Tabl

.37.1

.extr

acted

.from.IEC.6115

8-1

.[1],.synt

hesizes

.all.the.indu

strial

.comm

unication

.pro

les

stan

dardized

.in.IEC.611

.and.617

84.

. e.Ind

ustrial

.Ethe

rnet

.sol

utions

.are.out

lined

.in.red

Among

.thes

.Indu

strial

.Ether

net,

.Pro

Net*

.is. deta

iled

.in. Chapt

.40,.Ether

CAT

.in.Chapt

.38,.

Ether

net

.Pow

erlink

.in.Cha

pter

.39,.and.Mod

bus

.in.Cha

pter

.36.

efore

.synt

hesizing

.the.main.feat

ures

.of.stan

dardized

.solu

tions,

.the.ones.not.deta

iled

.in.othe

.chap

ters

.of.thi

.sec

tion

.are.bri

ey

.des

cribed.

37.3.1 EtherNet/IP

EtherNet/IP. [18]. is. a. communication. standard. supported. by. Open. DeviceNet. Vendor. Association.

(ODV

.and.Cont

rolNet

.Inte

rnational

.Asso

ciation.

.As.Devi

ceNet

.and.Cont

rolNet,

.Ether

Net/IP

.uses.a.

mess

aging

.Comm

.Indu

strial

.Proto

col

.(CIP

. is.proto

col

.is.supp

orted

.by.Rock

well

.and.Schn

eider

Elec

tric.

.Whil

.Cont

rolNet

.sets.(in.IEC.6115

.part.6).to.supp

ort

.its.own.mess

aging

.and.Devi

ceNet

.uses.

CAN.as.a.carr

ier,

.Ether

Net/IP

.stac

.uses.Ether

net/TCP/IP

.as.a.mean

.of.tran

sporting

.CIP.mess

aging.

CIP.is.the.high

.laye

.proto

col

.and.is.base

.on.objec

t-oriented

.appr

oach.

.It.den

.objec

.for.the.mes-

aging

.app

lication

.and.obje

cts

.to.des

cribe

.the.dev

ices.

.use.of.CIP.mes

saging

.pro

vides,

.in.add

ition

.to.the.CIP.tea

.mod

el,

.a.set.of.fea

tures

.inc

luding

•

. CIPs

ync,

.whic

.allo

.sync

hronizing

.cloc

.of. netw

ork

.equi

pments

.to. the. mill

iseconds

and.is.based.on.the.standard.IEC.61588.protocol.that.defines.the.Precision.Time.Protocol.

(PTP

)

.[10]

•

. CIPS

afety,

.whic

.is.an.uppe

.laye

.for.func

tional

.secu

rity

.for.CIP.appl

ications,

.stan

dardized

.in.

the.IEC.617

84–3

.[9]

hernet/IP

.pro

vides

•

. Serv

ices

.for.cycl

.exch

anges

.of.vari

ables,

.call

.impl

icit

.tran

sfers,

.base

.on.mult

i-cast

.tra

.in.

UDP/

•

. Serv

ices

.to.exc

hange

.eve

nt-based

.mes

sages,

.cal

led

.exp

licit

.tra

nsfers,

.bas

.on.TCP

/IP

.tra

c

.event-based.messages.over.TCP/IP.are.used.both.for.transmission.of.system.information.(cong-

uration

.and.diag

nostic

.oper

ation)

.and.for.info

rmation

.in.appl

ications

.that.do.not.requ

ire

.fast.resp

onse

time

 e.classes.listed.in.the.standard.(CC-A,.CC-B,.and.CC-C).do.not.correspond.to.the.real-time.proles.ProNet.RT,.

or.IRT,.but.are.confo

rmance

.cla

sses

.rep

orting

.to.the.sco

.of.func

tions

.nee

ded.

37-6 Industrial Communication Systems

TABLE 37.1 “Industrial.Ethernet”.Outlined.in. ick.Black.Lines

Communication.Proles.(CP).in.IEC.61784 IEC.61158.Types.Corresponding.to.CP

Family

CPFs T

echnology

.Na

me 61,784

.Pa

rts CP

.Num

ber

Type

Numb

. 1 FOUNDA

TION

Fieldb

us•

.5-1 CP.1/1.FF.H1 1,9

.5-1 CP.1/2.FF.HSE 5

.5-1 CP.1/3.FF.H2 1,9

. 2

CIP•

1,.5-2

.2/1.Co

ntrolNet•

.2,.5-2

.2/2.Et

herNet•

.5-2

.2/3.De

viceNet•

. 3 PRO

FIBUS,

PRO

FINET

.5-3 CP.3/1.PR

OFIBUS

.DP 3

.5-3 CP.3/2.PR

OFIBUS

.PA 3

.5-3 CP.3/3.PR

OFINET

.CBA 10

.5-3 CP.3/4.PR

OFINET

.IO.CC-A 10

.5-3 CP.3/5.PR

OFINET

.IO.CC-B 10

.5-3 CP.3/6.PR

OFINET

.IO.CC-C 10

. 4

P-NET

•

.5-4 CP.4/1.P-NE

.RS-485 4

.5-4 CP.4/2.P-NE

.RS-232 4

.5-4 CP.4/3.P-NE

.on.IP 4

. 5

Wor

ldFIP

•

.5-5 CP.5/1.WorldFIP 7

.5-5 CP.5/2.Wo

rldFIP

.wi

.su

bMMS 7

.5-5 CP.5/3.Wo

rldFIP

.minima

.fo

.TCP/IP 7

. 6

INTERBUS

•

.5-6 CP.6/1.INTERBUS 8

.5-6 CP.6/2.INTERBUS.TCP/IP 8

.5-6 CP.6/3.INTERBUS.minimal.subs

.ofCP.6/1 8

.5-6 CP.6/4 8

.5-6 CP.6/5 8

.5-6 CP.6/6 8

. 7 — — is.CPF.an

.th

.as

sociated

.Typ

.6.ar

delete

.fo

.lac

.of.ma

rket

.re

levance

. 8 CC-Lin

k 1,

.5-8 CP.8/1.CC-L

ink/V1 18

.5-8 CP.8/2.CC-Link/V2 18

.5-8 CP.8/3.CC-L

ink/LT 18

. 9 HART 1,.5-9 CP.9/1.HART 20

10 Vnet/IP 2,

.5-10 CP.10/1.Vn

et/IP 17

11 TCnet 2,

.5-11 CP.11/1.TCn

et 11

.5-11 CP.11/2.TCn

et-Loop 11

12 EtherCAT 2,

.5-12 CP.12/1 12

.5-12 CP.12/2 12

13 E

THERNET

Pow

erlink

.5-13 CP.13/1.EPL 13

14 EPA 2,.5-14 CP.14/1 14

.5-14 CP.14/2 14

Industrial Ethernet 37-7

To.avoid.saturation.phenomena.of.the.network.trac.due.to.cyclic.multi-cast.over.UDP,.Ethernet/IP.

req

uires

.tha

.the.net

work

.com

ponents

.imp

lementing

.the.IGM

.sta

ndard

.(RF

.337

.[17

])

.for.lt

ering

mul

ti-cast

.an

.80

2.1Q,

.su

pport

.fo

.VL

ANs.

37.3.2 Foundation Fieldbus High-Speed Ethernet

FF.HSE.is.developed.by.the.Fieldbus.Foundation.for.process.control.[20].

.HSE.is.an.app

lication

.pro

tocol

.(la

yer

.7.of.the.OSI.mod

el)

.tha

.use

.UDP

/IP

.rat

her

.tha

.TCP

/IP

.for.

com

munications

.in.“r

eal

.ti

me,”

.an

.TC

P/IP

.fo

.ot

her

.ex

changes.

.HSE.is.an.ada

ptation

.of.the.Fou

ndation

.Fie

ldbus

.for.Eth

ernet.

.It.kee

.the.sam

.dat

.mod

.ori

ented

for.pro

cess

.app

lications.

.HSE.inc

ludes

.a.rea

.pro

tocol

.for.man

aging

.the.“SN

CC-oriented”

.phy

sical

.red

undancy.

.It.all

ows

.the.phy

ical

.red

undancy

.of.mac

hines

.and.por

ts,

.in.con

trast

.to.the.red

undancy

.oe

red

.by.the.logi

cal

.rin

.top

ologies.

.HSE.imp

lements

.sch

eduling

.com

munications

.to.ens

ure

.tha

.two.com

ponents

.do.not.pub

lish

.the

dat

.at.the.sam

.tim

. is.mec

hanism

.is.imp

lemented

.in.the.app

lication

.lay

.to.ena

ble

.the.use.of.

sta

ndard

.Eth

ernet

.an

.TC

P/IP

.pr

otocols.

.Wit

.FF.HS

.it.is.po

ssible

.to.ac

hieve

.a.cy

cle

.ti

.of.10

.ms.

37.3.3 SErCOS III

SERCOS.III.is.supported.by.SERCOS.trade.associations.[19].

SERCOS

.III.tra

nslates

.the.app

lication

.lay

ers

.of.SER

COS

.el

dbus

.on.Ethe

rnet

.and.imp

lements

.mec

ha-

nisms

.sim

ilar

.as.Eth

erCAT.

.It.fo

cuses

.on.ha

.re

al-time

.ap

plications,

.in.pa

rticular,

.mo

tion

.co

ntrol.

.obt

ain

.det

erministic

.cyc

.tim

.gua

ranties,

.thi

.sol

ution

.onl

.use

.Ethe

rnet

.cab

les

.(ca

tegory

.4,.

Sec

tion

.37.

2.3),

.and.is.bas

.on.a.dai

.cha

.topo

logy

.whe

.onl

.one.fra

.cir

culates

.fro

.dev

ices

.to.

dev

ices.

. is.fra

.con

tains

.dat

.fro

.and.for.all.dev

ices.

. er

.is.one.mas

ter

.by-

chain,

.whi

.sen

the.fra

.all.the.req

uired

.dat

.to.be.rea

.by.sla

ves

.in.a.giv

.pla

ce.

. en

.the.dev

ices

.rec

eive

.thi

.fra

one.a

.th

.ot

her,

.re

.th

.da

.th

.ne

ed,

.an

.wr

ite

.da

.if.ne

cessary.

Recently,

.SER

COS

.Int

ernational

.(pa

rent

.org

anization

.of.SER

COS

.tra

.ass

ociations)

.joi

ned

.the.

Ope

.Sou

rce

.Aut

omation

.Dev

elopment

.Lab.(OS

ALD)

.[24

. is.pro

mises

.an.ope

.sou

rce

.ver

sion

.of.

SER

COS

.III

37.3.4 “Exotic Solutions”: EPa, tcnet, Vnet/IP, PNEt on IP

 ese.last.four.solutions.are.less.known.either.because.they.are.not.supported.by.one.major.automation.

ven

dor

.(EP

.and.PNE

.on.IP).or.bec

ause

.ven

dors

.mai

nly

.use.the

.as.int

ernal

.com

munication

.pro

to-

cols

.fo

.th

eir

.ow

.pr

oducts

.(T

cnet

.an

.Vn

et/IP).

Ethernet

.for.pla

.aut

omation

.(EPA

)

.is.sup

ported

.by.the.Chi

nese

.ind

ustry.

.It.is.bui

.on.the.sta

ndard

Eth

ernet

.lay

ers

.(80

2.3

.and.802

.or.Eth

ernet

.II).and.add

.a.top.lay

.cal

led

.EPA.com

munication

.sched

ul-

ing

.man

agement

.ent

ity

.(EC

SME).

. is.lay

.man

ages

.net

work

.tra

c

.on.a.mac

.cyc

.con

sisting

.of.a.per

odic

.tra

nsfer

.pha

.and.an.ape

riodic

.tra

nsfer

.pha

se.

. e.reg

ularity

.of.tra

c

.is.based.on.syn

chronization

of.equ

ipment

.by.IEC.615

.(PT

P).

TABLE 37.1 (continued) “Industrial.Ethernet”.Outlined.in. ick.Black.Lines

Communication.Proles.(CP).in.IEC.61784 IEC.61158.Types.Corresponding.to.CP

Family

CPFs T

echnology

.Na

me 61784

.Pa

rts CP

.Num

ber

Type

Numb

MODBUS

•

RTPS

.5-12 CP.15/1.MO

DBUS

.TCP 15

.5-12 CP.15/2.RTPS 15

SERCOS 1,

.5-16 CP.16/1.SER

COS

.I 16

.5-16 CP.16/2.SER

COS

.II 16

.5-16 CP.16/3.SER

COS

.III 19

37-8 Industrial Communication Systems

TABLE 37.2 Features.of.Major.Industrial.Ethernet.Solutions

Type.

(cf..Section.

37.2.3)

Real-Time.

Capability Standards.Compliance Determinism QoS Transmission.Time Application.Domain

EtherCAT 4 Hard

.rea

l-time 61158

.Eth

ernet

.cab

les Deterministic

.wit

shor

.cyc

.time

sured

.tha

nks

.to.the.

transf

.of.all.dat

.in.

aunique.fram

Typically

.aro

und

.100.μs

Mot

ion

.cont

rol

EtherNet/IP 1 So

.rea

l-time 61158

.IEEE802.3.TCP/

IP.(RFC791.and.793)

Non

deterministic Use

.of.802.1Q.and.

802.1D.sta

ndards

.guara

ntee

.oer

.by.

the.pro

tocol

.if.not.

using.CIPSync

Process,.bat

ch,

manufac

turing

.HSE 1 S

o

.rea

l-time 61158

.IEEE802.3.TCP/

IP.(RFC791.and.793)

Non

deterministic Possible

.use.of.802.1Q.

and.802.1D.sta

ndards

.guara

ntee

.oer

.by.

the.pro

tocol

.∼100.ms

Pro

cess

Modbus/TCP 1 So

.rea

l-time 61158

.IEEE802.3.TCP/

IP.(RFC791.and.793)

Non

deterministic No

.QoS No.guara

ntee

.oer

.by.

the.pro

tocol

Manufacturing

EPL 3 So

.rea

l-time

.or.

hard.rea

l-time

61158

.IEEE802.3.TCP/

IP.(RFC791.and.793)

Deter

ministic

.wit

shor

.cyc

.time

.ensur

.by.use.of.

TDMA.mec

hanism

Guaranteed

.(values.

depend.on.devices:.hub.

or.swit

ch)

Motion

.cont

rol

Elect

ricity

prod

uction

.(fossi

fuel,.hydra

ulic)

ProNet RT 1 So

.rea

l-time 61158

.IEEE802.3 No

ndeterministic Prioritization

.of.ows,.

limitat

ion

.of.bro

adcast,

and.use.of.VLANs

.guara

ntee

.oer

.by.

the.pro

tocol

ProNet

IRT 2 Hard

.rea

l-time 61158

.IEEE802.3 Det

erministic

.for.

IRT.ows

Flow.prio

ritization

inside.the.swit

Guaranteed

.for.IRT.ows.

than

.to.time.slot.

mana

ged

.by.swit

ches

SERCOS

.III 4 Ha

.rea

l-time 61158

.Eth

ernet

.links D

eterministic

.wit

shor

.cyc

.time

sured

.tha

nks

.to.the.

transf

.of.all.dat

.in.a.

unique.fram

Typically

.aro

und

.100.μs

Mot

ion

.cont

rol

Industrial Ethernet 37-9

Tcnet.[21].is.supported.and.used.by.Toshiba,.e.g.,.in.the.transmission.module.of.the.Toshiba.3000..

It.is.a.mast

er/slave

.prot

ocol,

.with.a.prio

ritization

.of.mess

ages.

.Each.slav

.sends.the.mess

ages

.to.the.mast

in.an.avai

lable

.time.peri

.(tim

.slot

.Mess

ages

.with.lowe

.prio

rity

.use.TCP/

.and.thos

.of.medi

and.hig

.pri

orities

.use.EPL

Vnet/IP

.[22].is.supp

orted

.by.Yokog

awa.

. is.woul

.work.with.HTTP.proto

col

.over.TCP/

IP.

. ere.are.

real

-time

.exte

nsions

.and.safe

.exte

nsions,

.Reli

able

.Data

gram

.Proto

col

.(RTP

.No.more.info

rmation

.is.

free

.ava

ilable

.abo

.thi

.pro

tocol

.and.its.ext

ensions.

PNET

.on.IP.[23]

.orig

inally

.deve

loped

.by.a.Dani

.comp

any

.(Pro

cess

.Data.Aps)

.is.supp

orted

.by.the.

Inte

rnational

.P-NE

.User.Orga

nization

.(IPU

O).

. is.woul

.be.the.tran

slation

.of.the.P-NE

.proto

col

.on.

Ether

net

.UDP

/IP.

. e.str

ucture

.of.the.mes

sages

.rem

ains

.the.sam

.as.for.P-N

.ove

.RS-

485.

37.4 Features of Major Industrial Ethernet Solutions

 e.dierent.Industrial.Ethernet.solutions.are.so.dierent.because.they.address.dierent.problems..For.

inst

ance,

.ther

.is.no.quic

.and.easy.solut

ion

.that.can.ensu

.hard.real

-time

.comm

unication

.(100.μs).based.

on.nond

eterministic

.prot

ocols

.and.COTS.devi

ces.

.Here.are.seven.feat

ures,

.not.neces

sarily

.inde

pendent,

that.coul

.help.choo

sing

.an.Indu

strial

.Ethe

rnet

.solut

ion

.comp

liant

.to.die

rent

.appl

ication

.requ

irements:

.cat

egory

.of.the.sol

ution,

.in.the.sen

.of.Sec

tion

.37.

2.3

.rea

l-time

.cap

ability

.com

pliance

.to.com

munication

.sta

ndards

.det

erminism

.of.med

ium

.acc

ess

.and.tra

nsport

.lay

.QoS.mec

hanisms

.ava

ilable

.common.transmission.time

.desi

gnated

.app

lication

.dom

ain

.feat

ures

.of.six.major.Indu

strial

.Ether

net

.solu

tions

.are.synt

hesized

.and.comp

ared

.in.the.foll

owing

tabl

.(Ta

ble

.37.

2).

37.5 Synthesis

Under.the.promise.of.interoperability,.“Industrial.Ethernet”.refers.to.many.dierent.solutions.that.are.

most

.adapt

.from.eld

buses

.proto

cols

.to.be.used.over.Ether

net

.link

.Even.for.nons

pecic

.solu

tions

(e.g

.non

-hard

.rea

l-time),

.the

.are.not.int

eroperable

.but.can.pos

sibly

.coe

xist

.on.the.sam

.net

work.

.the.one.hand

.the.choi

.of.an.Indu

strial

.Ethe

rnet

.is.then.not.triv

ial

.and.can.be.link

.to.an.

auto

mation

.supp

lier,

.as.was.the.case.when.usin

.eld

buses.

.the.othe

.hand

.solu

tions

.adapt

.for.many.die

rent

.type

.of.syst

ems

.now.exis

.Howe

ver,

.it.is.

comp

ulsory

.to.well.den

.the.requ

irements

.of.the.syst

.and.to.trad

uce

.them.into.netw

ork

.feat

ures

befo

re,

.to.be.abl

.to.cho

ose

.the.bes

.sol

ution.

abbreviations

CIP. Common.Industrial.Protocol

COTS

. Comm

ercial

.O.the.She

CSMA/CD

. Carr

ier

.Sen

.Mul

tiple

.Acc

ess/Collision

.Det

ection

.(IE

.802

.3)

DTM

. Devi

.Typ

.Man

ager

EDDL

. Elec

tronic

.Dev

ice

.Des

cription

.Lan

guage

EPL

. Ether

net

.Pow

erLink

. Fiel

dbus

.Fou

ndation

.HSE. Fiel

dbus

.Fou

ndation

.Hig

h-Speed

.Ethe

rnet

I&C

. Inst

rumentation

.and.Con

trol

37-10 Industrial Communication Systems

IP. Internet.Protocol.(RFC.791)

IRT

. Iso

chronous

.Re

.Ti

.(s

pecic

.to.Pr

oNet

.so

lution)

. Inf

ormation

.Te

chnology

LAN

. Loc

.Ar

.Ne

twork

MRP

. Med

.Re

dundancy

.Pr

otocol

NIC

. Net

work

.In

terface

.Ca

OSADL

. Ope

.So

urce

.Au

tomation

.De

velopment

.La

OSI

. Ope

.Sy

stem

.In

terconnection

QoS

. Qua

lity

.of.Se

rvice

RSTP

. Rap

.Spa

nning

.Tr

.Pr

otocol

. Rea

.Ti

STP

. Span

ning

.Tr

.Pr

otocol

TCP

. Tra

nsport

.Co

ntrol

.pr

otocol

.(R

.79

TDMA

. Tim

.Di

vision

.Mu

ltiple

.Ac

cess

UDP

. Use

.Da

tagram

.Pr

otocol

VLAN

. Vir

tual

.Lo

cal

.Ar

.Ne

twork

references

. 1.. IEC/TR.61158-1.Edition.2.0.2007-11.Industrial.communication.networks—Fieldbus.specications—

Part

.1:.Ove

rview

.and.gui

dance

.for.the.IEC.611

.and.IEC.617

.ser

ies,

.Int

ernational

.Ele

ctrotechnical

Com

mission,

.Gen

eva,

.Swi

tzerland.

. 2.. IEC.61158-2.Edit

ion

.4.0.2007-12.Ind

ustrial

.communic

ation

.netw

orks—Fieldbus

.spe

cications—

Part

.2:.Physic

.lay

.spe

cication

.and.serv

ice

.denitio

.Int

ernational

.Ele

ctrotechnical

.Com

mission,

Gen

eva,

.Swi

tzerland.

. 3.. IEC. 61158-3. Edit

ion

. 2004-12. Digit

. dat

. communic

ation

. for. mea

surement

. and. cont

rol—

Fieldbus

.for.use.in.indu

strial

.cont

rol

.system

s—Part

.4:.Dat

.link.serv

ice

.denitio

.Int

ernational

Ele

ctrotechnical

.Com

mission,

.Gen

eva,

.Swi

tzerland.

. 4.. IEC.61158-4.Edit

ion

.2004-12.Digit

.dat

.communic

ation

.for.mea

surement

.and.cont

rol—Fieldbus

for. use. in. indu

strial

. cont

rol

. system

s—Part

. 4:. Dat

. link. pro

tocol

. spe

cication,

. Int

ernational

Ele

ctrotechnical

.Com

mission,

.Gen

eva,

.Swi

tzerland.

. 5.. IEC.61158-5.Edit

ion

.2004-12.Digit

.dat

.communic

ation

.for.mea

surement

.and.cont

rol—Fieldbus

for.use.in. indu

strial

.cont

rol

. system

s—Part

. 5:. App

lication

.lay

. serv

ice

.denitio

.Int

ernational

Ele

ctrotechnical

.Com

mission,

.Gen

eva,

.Swi

tzerland.

. 6.. IEC.61158-6.Edit

ion

.2004-12.Digit

.dat

.communic

ation

.for.mea

surement

.and.cont

rol—Fieldbus

for.use.in.indu

strial

.cont

rol

.system

s—Part

.6:.App

lication

.lay

.pro

tocol

.spe

cication,

.Int

ernational

Ele

ctrotechnical

.Com

mission,

.Gen

eva,

.Swi

tzerland.

. 7.. IEC.61784-1.Edit

ion

.2.0.2007-12.Ind

ustrial

.communic

ation

.netw

orks—Proles—Part

.1:.Fieldb

proles,.International.Electrotechnical.Commission,.Geneva,.Switzerland.

. 8.. IEC.61784-2.Edit

ion

.1.0.2007-12.Ind

ustrial

.communic

ation

.netw

orks—Proles—Part

.2:.Addit

ional

eldb

.pro

les

.for.rea

l-time

.netw

orks

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. 20.. Fieldb

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.tec

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. 21.. TOSHIB

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.P-NE

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. 24.. Open.Sour

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