39
…%“2, ƒ=!=K=2/"=2ü “K …= ›,ƒ…ü 2!3ä%ì, *%2%!/L %… “"%K%ä…% "/K,!=-
2 ,ë, …= *%2%!/L %… “"%K%ä…% “%ãë=ø=2“ , , C!äC!,ì32 …=äë›=?,
ø=ã, * %K“C÷…,þ .2%ã% C!="=.
2. l!/, *%2%!/ ä%ë›…/ K/2ü C!,… 2/ 3÷=“2"3þ?,ì, " …=“2% -
?ì o=*2 ã%“3ä=!“2"=ì, " öë . C%ë…%ã% %“3?“2"ë…, .2%ã% C!="=,
"*ëþ÷=þ2 C!%ã!=ìì/ C!%-““,%…=ëü…%-2.…,÷“*%ã% %K3÷…, , C%äã%-
2%"*,, C32, , ì2%ä/ ä%“2,›…, …3*ë%……%ã% .*%…%ì,÷“*%ã%, “%ö,=ëü-
…%ã% , *3ëü23!…%ã% !=ƒ",2, , C%ë…%L C!%,ƒ"%ä,2ëü…%L ƒ=… 2%“2, "
3“ë%", ., ã=!=…2,!3þ?,. %“…%"…/ C%ë,2,÷“*, , .*%…%ì,÷“*, “"%-
K%ä/ ÷ë%"*=.
q 2 = 2 ü 8
1. r÷=“2"3þ?, " …=“2% ?ì o=*2 ã%“3ä=!“2"= %K ƒ3þ2“ %K“C÷,2ü:
a) C!="% *=›ä%ã% ÷ë%"*= “%ƒä="=2ü äë %“3?“2"ë…, , ƒ=?,2/
“"%,. .*%…%ì,÷“*,. , “%ö,=ëü…/. ,…2!“%" C!%-““,%…=ëü…/ “%þƒ/
, "“23C=2ü " 2=*%"/ C% “"%ì3 "/K%!3 C!, ä,…“2"……%ì 3“ë%",, “%-
Këþä…, C!=",ë “%%2"2“2"3þ?L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,,. o%ëüƒ%"=…, 3*=ƒ=…-
…/ì C!="%ì … C%äë›,2 …,*=*,ì %ã!=…,÷…, ì, *!%ì 2., *%2%!/
C!ä3“ì=2!,"=þ2“ ƒ=*%…%ì , *%2%!/ …%K.%ä,ì/ " äì%*!=2,÷“*%ì
%K?“2" " ,…2!“=. ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L Kƒ%C=“…%“2, ,ë, %K?“2"……%ã%
C%! ä*= ,ë, äë %ã!=›ä…, C!=" , “"%K%ä ä!3ã,.;
b) C!="% C!%-““,%…=ëü…/. “%þƒ%" %K!=ƒ%"/"=2ü …=ö,%…=ëü…/ --
ä!=ö,, ,ë, *%…-ä!=ö,, , C!="% .2,. C%“ëä…,. %“…%"/"=2ü ì›ä3…=-
!%ä…/ C!%-““,%…=ëü…/ %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, ,ë, C!,“%ä,… 2ü“ * 2=*%"/ì;
c) C!="% C!%-““,%…=ëü…/. “%þƒ%" -3…*ö,%…,!%"=2ü K“C!C 2“2"…-
…% Kƒ *=*,.-ë,K% %ã!=…,÷…,L, *!%ì 2., *%2%!/ C!ä3“ì=2!,"=þ2“
ƒ=*%…%ì , *%2%!/ …%K.%ä,ì/ " äì%*!=2,÷“*%ì %K?“2" " ,…2!-
“=. ã%“3ä=!“2"……%L Kƒ%C=“…%“2, ,ë, %K?“2"……%ã% C%! ä*= ,ë, äë
%ã!=›ä…, C!=" , “"%K%ä ä!3ã,.;
d) C!="% …= ƒ=K=“2%"*, C!, 3“ë%",, ã% %“3?“2"ë…, " “%%2"2-
“2",, “ ƒ=*%…=ì, *=›ä%L “2!=…/.
2. m=“2% ?= “2=2ü … C!C 2“2"32 ""ä…,þ ƒ=*%……/. %ã!=…,÷-
…,L C%ëüƒ%"=…, .2,ì, C!="=ì, äë ë,ö, ".%ä ?,. " “%“2=" "%%!3›…-
…/. “,ë, C%ë,ö,, ,ë, =äì,…,“2!=ö,, ã%“3ä=!“2"=.
3. m,÷2% " …=“2% ?L “2=2ü … ä=2 C!="= ã%“3ä=!“2"=ì, 3÷=“2"3þ-
?,ì " j%…"…ö,, l›ä3…=!%ä…%L %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,, 2!3ä= 1948 ã%ä= %2…%“,-
2ëü…% “"%K%ä/ =““%ö,=ö,L , ƒ=?,2/ C!="= …= %!ã=…,ƒ=ö,þ, C!,…,ì=2ü
ƒ=*%…%ä=2ëü…/ =*2/ " 3?!K ã=!=…2, ì, C!ä3“ì=2!,"=ì/ì " 3*=-
ƒ=……%L j%…"…ö,,, ,ë, C!,ì… 2ü ƒ=*%… 2=*,ì %K!=ƒ%ì, ÷2%K/ …=…%-
“,ë“ 3?!K .2,ì ã=!=…2, ì.
q 2 = 2 ü 9
r÷=“2"3þ?, " …=“2% ?ì o=*2 ã%“3ä=!“2"= C!,ƒ…=þ2 C!="% *=›ä%-
ã% ÷ë%"*= …= “%ö,=ëü…% %K“C÷…,, "*ëþ÷= “%ö,=ëü…% “2!=.%"=…,.