Радиосистемы
Радиоэлектроника
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Brookner E. Tracking and Kalman Filtering Made Easy
1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. , 480 pp.
PREFACE
At last a book that hopefully will take the mystery and drudgery out of the g–h, g–h–k and Kalman filters and makes them a joy. Many books written in the past on this subject have been either geared to the tracking filter specialist or difficult to read. This book covers these filters from very simple physical and geometric approaches. Extensive, simple and useful design equations, procedures, and curves are presented. These should permit the reader to very quickly and simply design tracking filters and determine their performance with even just a pocket calculator. Many examples are presented to give the reader insight into the design and performance of these filters.
Extensive homework problems and their solutions are given. These problems form an integral instructional part of the book through extensive numerical design examples and through the derivation of very key results stated without proof in the text, such as the derivation of the equations for the estimation of the accuracies of the various filters. Covered also in
simple terms is the least-squares filtering problem and the orthonormal transformation procedures for doing least-squares filtering.
The book is intended for those not familiar with tracking at all as well as for those familiar with certain areas who could benefit from the physical insight derived from leaing how the various filters are related, and for those who are specialists in one area of filtering but not familiar with other areas covered. For example, the book covers in extremely simple physical and geometric terms the Gram–Schmidt, Givens, and Householder orthonormal transformation procedures
for doing the filtering and least-square estimation problem. How these procedures reduce sensitivity to computer round-off errors is presented. A simple explanation of both the classical and modified Gram–Schmidt procedures is given. Why the latter is less sensitive to round-off errors is explained in physical terms. For the first time the discrete-time orthogonal Legendre polynomial (DOLP) procedure is related to the voltage-processing procedures.
Important real-world issues such as how to cope with clutter retus, elimination of redundant target detections (observation-merging or clustering), editing for inconsistent data, track-start and track-drop rules, and data association (e.g. , the nearest-neighbor approach and track before detection) are covered in clear terms. The problem of tracking with the very commonly
used chirp waveform (a linear-frequency-modulated waveform) is explained simply with useful design curves given. Also explained is the important moving-target detector (MTD) technique for canceling clutter.
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