Pressure transients in water engineering, A guide to analysis and
interpretation of behavior
John Ellis (c) 2008, 559 стр.
This book is intended for engineers who are relatively new to the
topic of pressure surge analysis and has been written in the hope that
it will be helpful in avoiding some of the pitfalls that await. After consid-
ering the requirement for transient analysis and possible objectives of
such studies, consideration is then given to derivation of pertinent
equations. Two methods of analysis of hydraulic transient behaviour
are discussed. Equations derived from ‘elastic theory’ have been used
for purposes of illustration of transient phenomena throughout the
book and it has not been the intention to review other techniques of
analysis such as the impedance method or graphical approaches.
These alteative methods have been amply covered in existing texts.
The exception has been use of the ‘rigid column’ analogy which has
particular uses with regard to estimating preliminary dimensions for
pressure vessels and surge tanks.
A series of chapters is included in which the relative merits of alter-
native forms of surge protection are discussed together with case studies
of their application. Included are chapters on the behaviour of air and
gas in pipelines and the attendant dangers if even modest pockets of gas
are allowed to develop.
Problems associated with the selection of an inappropriate check
valve are considered and some guidance is given on choosing a valve
to suit a particular situation.
The volume concludes with consideration of some aspects of systems
which can produce departures of predicted conditions from observation.
Included is damping of pressure waves in ?exible pipes and also
ampli?cation of surge pressures either as a consequence of the system
con?guration or through development of a resonant condition. Case
studies based upon actual systems have been included to illustrate
some of these aspects of hydraulic transient behaviour. Some aspects
of hydraulic transient analysis have not been included in this volume
but are amply covered elsewhere. A case in point is modelling of
condensers of power plants, detailed discussion of which may be
found in the recent IAHR Synthesis Report (2000) which is the
result of two decades of study into the phenomenon of hydraulic tran-
sients.
Actual design ?ows have been used in the majority of examples
throughout the book but where it was considered that a particular
phenomenon could be more clearly demonstrated, discharge conditions
have been allowed to vary to some extent from actual parameters.
Chapter 1 Motivation for hydraulic transient analysis
Chapter 2 Derivation of basic equations
Chapter 3 Interpretation of "a"
Chapter 4 Characteristic equations
Chapter 5 Application of characteristic equations
Chapter 6 Boundaries
Chapter 7 Valve closure in a simpli?ed system
Chapter 8 Actual pipelines
Chapter 9 Valve operations
Chapter 10 Pumps
Chapter 11 Flywheels
Chapter 12 Pressure vessels
Chapter 13 Further aspects of pressure vessels
Chapter 14 Surge tanks and related structures
Chapter 15 Feeder tanks or volumetric tanks
Chapter 16 Discharge conditions
Chapter 17 Air valves
Chapter 18 Air and gas
Chapter 19 Relief valves
Chapter 20 Check valve dynamics
Chapter 21 Check valve characteristics
Chapter 22 Flexible pipe
Chapter 23 Ampli?cation of transient pressures
Chapter 24 Flow instabilities
John Ellis (c) 2008, 559 стр.
This book is intended for engineers who are relatively new to the
topic of pressure surge analysis and has been written in the hope that
it will be helpful in avoiding some of the pitfalls that await. After consid-
ering the requirement for transient analysis and possible objectives of
such studies, consideration is then given to derivation of pertinent
equations. Two methods of analysis of hydraulic transient behaviour
are discussed. Equations derived from ‘elastic theory’ have been used
for purposes of illustration of transient phenomena throughout the
book and it has not been the intention to review other techniques of
analysis such as the impedance method or graphical approaches.
These alteative methods have been amply covered in existing texts.
The exception has been use of the ‘rigid column’ analogy which has
particular uses with regard to estimating preliminary dimensions for
pressure vessels and surge tanks.
A series of chapters is included in which the relative merits of alter-
native forms of surge protection are discussed together with case studies
of their application. Included are chapters on the behaviour of air and
gas in pipelines and the attendant dangers if even modest pockets of gas
are allowed to develop.
Problems associated with the selection of an inappropriate check
valve are considered and some guidance is given on choosing a valve
to suit a particular situation.
The volume concludes with consideration of some aspects of systems
which can produce departures of predicted conditions from observation.
Included is damping of pressure waves in ?exible pipes and also
ampli?cation of surge pressures either as a consequence of the system
con?guration or through development of a resonant condition. Case
studies based upon actual systems have been included to illustrate
some of these aspects of hydraulic transient behaviour. Some aspects
of hydraulic transient analysis have not been included in this volume
but are amply covered elsewhere. A case in point is modelling of
condensers of power plants, detailed discussion of which may be
found in the recent IAHR Synthesis Report (2000) which is the
result of two decades of study into the phenomenon of hydraulic tran-
sients.
Actual design ?ows have been used in the majority of examples
throughout the book but where it was considered that a particular
phenomenon could be more clearly demonstrated, discharge conditions
have been allowed to vary to some extent from actual parameters.
Chapter 1 Motivation for hydraulic transient analysis
Chapter 2 Derivation of basic equations
Chapter 3 Interpretation of "a"
Chapter 4 Characteristic equations
Chapter 5 Application of characteristic equations
Chapter 6 Boundaries
Chapter 7 Valve closure in a simpli?ed system
Chapter 8 Actual pipelines
Chapter 9 Valve operations
Chapter 10 Pumps
Chapter 11 Flywheels
Chapter 12 Pressure vessels
Chapter 13 Further aspects of pressure vessels
Chapter 14 Surge tanks and related structures
Chapter 15 Feeder tanks or volumetric tanks
Chapter 16 Discharge conditions
Chapter 17 Air valves
Chapter 18 Air and gas
Chapter 19 Relief valves
Chapter 20 Check valve dynamics
Chapter 21 Check valve characteristics
Chapter 22 Flexible pipe
Chapter 23 Ampli?cation of transient pressures
Chapter 24 Flow instabilities