Examination questions on history of english.
Germanic languages: their history and classification (the common ancestor, old Germanic languages and their classification, Germanic languages in the mode world).
The common features of Germanic languages (in phonetics: word stress, Grimm's and Veer's Laws, i-umlaut; in morphology; ii lexis).
The chronological division of the history of English. General characteristics of the historical periods of English (the historical periods of English, the criteria for the chronological division of the history of English, linguistic features of each period). .
Scandinavian invasion and its effect on English (the brief historical outline of the Scandinavian invasions, their effect on English vocabulary and grammar).
Norman Conquest and its effect on English (the brief historiesl outline of the Norman Conquest, its effect on the linguistic situation on the British Isles, its impact on spelling traditions, on English vocabulary, phonetics and grammar).
The dialectal situation of English from a historical perspective (Old English dialects and the linguistic situation at that period, Middle English dialects and the linguistic situation at that period, the rise of the London dialect).
Principal Old English and Middle English written records. (the alphabets used in Old English, major written records dated back to Old English, Old English poetry, major written record dated back to Middle English).
Spelling changes in Middle English (the influence of French scribal tradition, changes to reflect sound changes, spelling replacements to avoid confusion, oamental reasons for spelling changes).
Old English sound system. Vowel and consonant changes in Old English (Old English vowel system, i-umlaut, breaking; Old English consonant system, treatment of fricatives, growth of new consonants at the end of Old English). lvionophthongs in the history of English (qualitative and quantities changes) (monophthongs in Old English, changes of unstressed vowels, quantitative changes: lengthening and shortening in Middle English, lengthening in New English due to vocalization of consonants; qualitative changes: in Middle English and in New English, Great Vowel Shift).
Diphthongs in the history of English (diphthongs in Old English, the development of Old English diphthongs in Middle English, the rise of new diphthongs in Middle English, the rise anew diphthongs in New English due to vocalization of Ia changes of long monophthongs into diphthongs due to the GreEli Vowel Shift).
Consonant .changes in the history of English (growth of affricates, treatment of fricatives in Middle and New English, loss of consonants, vocalization of consonants). D. Form-building means in the history of English (principal form-building means in Old English, the history of synthetic form-building means in Middle and New English, the rise of analytical means).
Old English noun system (grammatical categories of the Old English noun, the use of cases, noun declension, the peculiar features of a-, n-, root-stem declensions). Is. The simplification of the noun declension in English (the decay of the noun declension in Early Middle English, the re-an-angement of types of' noun declensions, the history of noun grammatical categories).
The development of personal pronouns in the history of English (Old English personal pronouns, their grammatical categories, their declension, the decay of declensions and grammatical categories in Middle English, lexical replacements).
The development of the adjective in the history of English (Old English adjective, its grammatical categories, its declension, the decay of declensions and grammatical categories in Middle English, the rise of analytical features in degrees of comparison).
The development of demonstrative pronouns in the history of English (Old English demonstrative pronouns, their grammatical categories, their declension, the decay of declensions and grammatical categories in Middle English, the rise of the article).
Old English verbal system (Old English verb, its morphological types and grammatical categories, the peculiarities of the verb conjugation).
Old English weak verbs and their further development (the peculiar features of weak verbs in Old English, their changes in Middle and New English: the changes in the number of principal forms, the re-arrangement of the morphological class in question).
Old English strong verbs and their further development (the peculiar features of strong verbs in Old English, their changes in Middle and New English: the changes in the number of principal forms, the re-arrangement of the morphological class in question).
Old English preterite-present and anomalous verbs and their further development (the peculiar features of pretrite-present and anomalous verbs in Old English, their changes in Middle and New English: their re-arrangement).
Changes in the verb conjugation in the history of English (the decay of finite inflections in the verb conjugation, the history of Old English grammatical categories).
The rise of analytical forms within the verbal system in the history of English (the development of new analytical forms in the English verb: Future, Perfect, Passive, Continuous, do-forms; the growth of new verbal grammatical categories in Middle and New English),
erbals in the history of English (the Infinitive: its peculiar features in Old English, its development; the Participle: its peculiar features in Old English, its development; the rise of' gerund).
The causes of changes in the morphological system in Middle and New English. The origin of mode English regular and irregular noun forms (the phonetic reason for the simplification of the morphological system, foreign influence; the sources of the regular plural noun ending and of the irregular plural noun ending).
The principal features of Old English syntax (types of syntactic relations of words, word order, negation, impersonal sentences, connecting clauses).
The main trends in the development of English syntax (the changes in productivity of different types of syntactic relation between words, the establishment of strict word order, trends in negation, the changes in impersonal sentences, the rise of connectives).
Old English vocabulary and its etymological characteristics (native words, their etymology, borrowings).
The main trends in word-formation in history of English (word-formation in Old English: affixation and compounding, the growth of borrowed affixes in Middle and New English, the trends in word-compounding, conversion).
Borrowings as a source of the replenishment of English vocabulary in Middle English and New English (Scandinavian, French and Latin influence on Middle English vocabulary; borrowings in New English).
Germanic languages: their history and classification (the common ancestor, old Germanic languages and their classification, Germanic languages in the mode world).
The common features of Germanic languages (in phonetics: word stress, Grimm's and Veer's Laws, i-umlaut; in morphology; ii lexis).
The chronological division of the history of English. General characteristics of the historical periods of English (the historical periods of English, the criteria for the chronological division of the history of English, linguistic features of each period). .
Scandinavian invasion and its effect on English (the brief historical outline of the Scandinavian invasions, their effect on English vocabulary and grammar).
Norman Conquest and its effect on English (the brief historiesl outline of the Norman Conquest, its effect on the linguistic situation on the British Isles, its impact on spelling traditions, on English vocabulary, phonetics and grammar).
The dialectal situation of English from a historical perspective (Old English dialects and the linguistic situation at that period, Middle English dialects and the linguistic situation at that period, the rise of the London dialect).
Principal Old English and Middle English written records. (the alphabets used in Old English, major written records dated back to Old English, Old English poetry, major written record dated back to Middle English).
Spelling changes in Middle English (the influence of French scribal tradition, changes to reflect sound changes, spelling replacements to avoid confusion, oamental reasons for spelling changes).
Old English sound system. Vowel and consonant changes in Old English (Old English vowel system, i-umlaut, breaking; Old English consonant system, treatment of fricatives, growth of new consonants at the end of Old English). lvionophthongs in the history of English (qualitative and quantities changes) (monophthongs in Old English, changes of unstressed vowels, quantitative changes: lengthening and shortening in Middle English, lengthening in New English due to vocalization of consonants; qualitative changes: in Middle English and in New English, Great Vowel Shift).
Diphthongs in the history of English (diphthongs in Old English, the development of Old English diphthongs in Middle English, the rise of new diphthongs in Middle English, the rise anew diphthongs in New English due to vocalization of Ia changes of long monophthongs into diphthongs due to the GreEli Vowel Shift).
Consonant .changes in the history of English (growth of affricates, treatment of fricatives in Middle and New English, loss of consonants, vocalization of consonants). D. Form-building means in the history of English (principal form-building means in Old English, the history of synthetic form-building means in Middle and New English, the rise of analytical means).
Old English noun system (grammatical categories of the Old English noun, the use of cases, noun declension, the peculiar features of a-, n-, root-stem declensions). Is. The simplification of the noun declension in English (the decay of the noun declension in Early Middle English, the re-an-angement of types of' noun declensions, the history of noun grammatical categories).
The development of personal pronouns in the history of English (Old English personal pronouns, their grammatical categories, their declension, the decay of declensions and grammatical categories in Middle English, lexical replacements).
The development of the adjective in the history of English (Old English adjective, its grammatical categories, its declension, the decay of declensions and grammatical categories in Middle English, the rise of analytical features in degrees of comparison).
The development of demonstrative pronouns in the history of English (Old English demonstrative pronouns, their grammatical categories, their declension, the decay of declensions and grammatical categories in Middle English, the rise of the article).
Old English verbal system (Old English verb, its morphological types and grammatical categories, the peculiarities of the verb conjugation).
Old English weak verbs and their further development (the peculiar features of weak verbs in Old English, their changes in Middle and New English: the changes in the number of principal forms, the re-arrangement of the morphological class in question).
Old English strong verbs and their further development (the peculiar features of strong verbs in Old English, their changes in Middle and New English: the changes in the number of principal forms, the re-arrangement of the morphological class in question).
Old English preterite-present and anomalous verbs and their further development (the peculiar features of pretrite-present and anomalous verbs in Old English, their changes in Middle and New English: their re-arrangement).
Changes in the verb conjugation in the history of English (the decay of finite inflections in the verb conjugation, the history of Old English grammatical categories).
The rise of analytical forms within the verbal system in the history of English (the development of new analytical forms in the English verb: Future, Perfect, Passive, Continuous, do-forms; the growth of new verbal grammatical categories in Middle and New English),
erbals in the history of English (the Infinitive: its peculiar features in Old English, its development; the Participle: its peculiar features in Old English, its development; the rise of' gerund).
The causes of changes in the morphological system in Middle and New English. The origin of mode English regular and irregular noun forms (the phonetic reason for the simplification of the morphological system, foreign influence; the sources of the regular plural noun ending and of the irregular plural noun ending).
The principal features of Old English syntax (types of syntactic relations of words, word order, negation, impersonal sentences, connecting clauses).
The main trends in the development of English syntax (the changes in productivity of different types of syntactic relation between words, the establishment of strict word order, trends in negation, the changes in impersonal sentences, the rise of connectives).
Old English vocabulary and its etymological characteristics (native words, their etymology, borrowings).
The main trends in word-formation in history of English (word-formation in Old English: affixation and compounding, the growth of borrowed affixes in Middle and New English, the trends in word-compounding, conversion).
Borrowings as a source of the replenishment of English vocabulary in Middle English and New English (Scandinavian, French and Latin influence on Middle English vocabulary; borrowings in New English).