ANSI/API Std 560: 2007 Fired Heaters for General Refinery Service (Eng)
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EXCESS AIR AND RELATIVE
HUMIDITY WORK SHEET
a
SI units
Job No.: __________________________________________
Date of report:______________________________________
Page 1 of 2
Atomizing steam: ________________ kg per kg of fuel (assumed or measured)
CORRECTION FOR RELATIVE HUMIDITY (RH)
Moisture in air
vapour
air
18
100 28,85
P
RH
P
=××
........ ........ 18
1013,3 100 28,85
=××
= _________ kg of moisture per kg of air (a)
where:
P
vapour
= vapour pressure of water at the ambient temperature, in mbar absolute (from steam tables);
P
air
= 1 013,3 mbar.
kg of wet air per kg of fuel required =
air required
1 moisture in air−
=
(
)
_________ 7
1 ________(a)-
= _________ (b)
kg of moisture per kg of fuel = kg of wet air per kg of fuel required − air required
= ____________ (b) − ____________(7)
= _________ (c)
kg of H
2
O per kg of fuel = H
2
O formed + kg of moisture per kg of fuel + atomizing steam
= ____________(11) + ____________ (c) + ____________
= _________ (d)
CORRECTION FOR EXCESS AIR
b
kg of excess air per kg of fuel
222
2
2
2
N formed CO formed H O formed
(28,85 % O )
28 44 18
kg of H O
20,95 % O 1,602 8 1
kg of air required
⎛⎞
×++
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
=
⎡⎤
⎛⎞
−× +
⎢⎥
⎜⎟
⎢⎥
⎝⎠
⎣⎦
=
_________ (e)
Percent excess air =
kg of excess air per kg of fuel
100
air required
×
_________(e)
100
_________(7)
=×
= _________ (f)
ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705
213
Copyright American Petroleum Institute
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EXCESS AIR AND RELATIVE
HUMIDITY WORK SHEET
a
SI units
Job No.: __________________________________________
Date of report: _____________________________________
Page 2 of 2
Total kg of H
2
O per kg of fuel (corrected for excess air)
2
percent excess air
kg of moisture per kg fuel kg of H O per kg fuel
100
⎛⎞
=× +
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
______(f )
_
_____(c) ______(d)
100
⎡⎤
=×+
⎢⎥
⎣⎦
=
_________ (g)
a
All values used in the calculations above shall be on a “per kg of fuel” basis. Numbers in parentheses indicate values to be taken from the
“Total per kg fuel” line of the combustion work sheet, and letters in parentheses indicate values to be taken from the corresponding lines of this
work sheet.
b
If oxygen samples are extracted on a dry basis, a value of zero shall be inserted for line (e) where a value is required from lines (c) and
(d). If oxygen samples are extracted on a wet basis, the appropriate calculated value shall be inserted.
ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705
214
Copyright American Petroleum Institute
Provided by IHS under license with API
Licensee=TECNA/5935100001
Not for Resale, 09/06/2007 11:42:18 MDT
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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EXCESS AIR AND RELATIVE
HUMIDITY WORK SHEET
a
USC units
Job No.: __________________________________________
Date of report:______________________________________
Page 1 of 2
Atomizing steam: ________________ pounds per pound of fuel (assumed or measured)
CORRECTION FOR RELATIVE HUMIDITY (
RH)
Moisture in air
vapour
air
18
100 28,85
P
RH
P
=××
_
_____ _________ 18
14,696 100 28,85
=× ×
= __________ pounds of moisture per pound of air (a)
where
:
P
vapour
= vapour pressure of water at the ambient temperature, in pounds per square inch absolute (from steam tables);
P
air
= 14,696 psi.
Pounds of wet air per pound of fuel required =
air required
1moistureinair−
=
(
)
_________ 7
1 ________(a)-
= _________ (b)
Pounds of moisture per pound of fuel = pounds of wet air per pound of fuel required − air required
= _________(b) − _________(7)
= _________ (c)
Pounds of H
2
O per pound of fuel = H
2
O formed + pounds of moisture per pound of fuel + atomizing steam
= ____________(11) + ____________ (c) + ____________
= __________ (d)
CORRECTION FOR EXCESS AIR
b
Pounds of excess air per pound of fuel
222
2
2
2
N formed CO formed H O formed
(28,85 % O )
28 44 18
pounds of H O
20,95 % O 1,602 8 1
pounds of air required
⎛⎞
×++
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
=
⎡
⎤
⎛⎞
−× +
⎢
⎥
⎜⎟
⎢
⎥
⎝⎠
⎣
⎦
=
_
________(13) _________(9) _________(d)
(28,85 _________)
28 44 18
_________(c)
20,95 _________ 1,602 8 1
_________(7)
⎛⎞
×++
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
⎡⎤
⎛⎞
−×+
⎢⎥
⎜⎟
⎢⎥
⎝⎠
⎣⎦
= _________ (e)
Pounds excess air
pounds of excess air per pound of fuel
100
air required
=×
_________(e)
100
_________(7)
=×
= _________ (f)
ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705
215
Copyright American Petroleum Institute
Provided by IHS under license with API
Licensee=TECNA/5935100001
Not for Resale, 09/06/2007 11:42:18 MDT
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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EXCESS AIR AND RELATIVE
HUMIDITY WORK SHEET
a
USC units
Job No.: __________________________________________
Date of report: _____________________________________
Page 2 of 2
Total pounds of H
2
O per pound of fuel (corrected for excess air)
2
percent excess air
pounds of moisture per pound fuel pounds of H O per pound fuel
100
⎛⎞
=× +
⎜⎟
⎝⎠
______(f )
_
_____(c) ______(d)
100
⎡⎤
=×+
⎢⎥
⎣⎦
= __________ (g)
a
All values used in the calculations above shall be on a “per pound fuel” basis. Numbers in parentheses indicate values to be taken from
the “Total per pound fuel” line of the combustion work sheet, and letters in parentheses indicate values to be taken from the corresponding
lines of this work sheet.
b
If oxygen samples are extracted on a dry basis, a value of zero shall be inserted for line (e) where a value is required from lines (c) and
(d). If oxygen samples are extracted on a wet basis, the appropriate calculated value shall be inserted.
ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705
216
Copyright American Petroleum Institute
Provided by IHS under license with API
Licensee=TECNA/5935100001
Not for Resale, 09/06/2007 11:42:18 MDT
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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STACK LOSS WORK SHEET
Job No.: __________________________________________
Date of report:______________________________________
Page 1 of 1
Exit flue-gas temperature, T
e
: _____________ °C (°F)
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
Component
Component formed
kg (Ib) per kg (Ib) of fuel
Enthalpy at T
kJ/kg formed (Btu/Ib formed)
Massic heat content
kJ/kg of fuel (Btu/Ib of fuel)
Carbon dioxide
Water vapour
Nitrogen
Air
Total
INSTRUCTIONS
In column
1 above, insert the values from the “Total per kg of fuel” line of the combustion work sheet for carbon dioxide
(column
9) and nitrogen (column 13). Insert the value from line (e) of the excess air and relative humidity work sheet for air,
and insert the value from line (g) of the excess air and relative humidity work sheet for water vapour.
In column
2 above, insert the enthalpy values from Figures G.6 and G.7 for each flue-gas component.
In column
3 above, for each component insert the product of the value from column 1 and the value from column 2. This is the
massic heat content at the exit gas temperature.
Total the values in column
3 to obtain the massic heat loss to the stack, h
s
.
Therefore,
se
massic heat content at ___________ kJ/kg (Btu
/
lb) of fuelhT==
∑
ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705
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Key
X temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (degrees Fahrenheit)
Y enthalpy above 15 °C, kJ/kg (60 °F)
1 water vapour
2 carbon monoxide
3 carbon dioxide
4 sulfur dioxide
NOTE Figure G.6 is taken from Reference [37], pp. 14-23.
Figure G.6 — Enthalpy of H
2
O, CO, CO
2
and SO
2
ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705
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Key
X temperature, expressed in degrees Celsius (degrees Fahrenheit)
Y enthalpy above 15 °C, kJ/kg (60 °F)
1 nitrogen
2 air
3 oxygen
NOTE Figure G.7 is taken from Reference [37], pp. 14-23.
Figure G.7 — Enthalpy of air, O
2
and N
2
ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705
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Copyright American Petroleum Institute
Provided by IHS under license with API
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G.6 Sample work sheets for an oil-fired heater with natural draught
NOTE See G.3.2.2.
LOWER MASSIC HEAT VALUE
(LIQUID FUELS) WORK SHEET
SI units
Job No.: Sample Work Sheet for G.3.2.2
Date of report: _____________________________________
Page 1 of 1
Higher massic heat value (h
H
), from calorimeter test, in kJ/kg of fuel: 42 566
Carbon-hydrogen ratio (CHR), from analysis: 8,065
Impurities, from analysis, mass fraction (%)
Water vapour: ________
Ash: ________
Sulfur: 1,80
Sodium: ________
Other: 0,95
Total (Z): 2,75
% hydrogen = (100 − Z) / (CHR + 1,0) 10,73
h
L
= h
H
– (9 × 2 464,9 × % hydrogen/100), in kJ/kg of fuel: 40 186
% carbon = 100 − (% hydrogen + Z): 86,52
INSTRUCTIONS
Calculate the values for % hydrogen, lower massic heat value (h
L
) and % carbon. Enter these values in the appropriate
columns of the combustion work sheet.
ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705
220
Copyright American Petroleum Institute
Provided by IHS under license with API
Licensee=TECNA/5935100001
Not for Resale, 09/06/2007 11:42:18 MDT
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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COMBUSTION WORK SHEET
SI units
Job No.: Sample Work Sheet for G.3.2.2
Date of report: _____________________________________
Page 1 of 2
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
(1 × 2)
Column 4 Column 5
(3 × 4)
Fuel component Volume
fraction
%
Relative
molecular mass
Total mass
kg
Net heating value
kJ/kg
Heating value
kJ
Carbon, C 12,0 0,865 2 —
Hydrogen, H
2
2,016 0,107 2 120 000
Oxygen, O
2
32,0 —
Nitrogen, N
2
28,0 —
Carbon monoxide, CO 28,0 10 100
Carbon dioxide, CO
2
44,0 —
Methane, CH
4
16,0 50 000
Ethane, C
2
H
6
30,1 47 490
Ethylene, C
2
H
4
28,1 47 190
Acetylene, C
2
H
2
26,0 48 240
Propane, C
3
H
8
44,1 46 360
Propylene, C
3
H
6
42,1 45 800
Butane, C
4
H
10
58,1 45 750
Butylene, C
4
H
8
56,1 45 170
Pentane, C
5
H
12
72,1 45 360
Hexane, C
6
H
14
86,2 45 100
Benzene, C
6
H
6
78,1 40 170
Methanol, CH
3
OH 32,0 19 960
Ammonia, NH
3
17,0 18 600
Sulfur, S 32,1 0,018 0 —
Hydrogen sulfide, H
2
S 34,1 15 240
Water, H
2
O 18,0 —
Inerts 0,009 5
Total 1,000 0
Total per kg of fuel 1,000 0
INSTRUCTIONS
If composition is expressed as volume fraction (%), insert in column 1; if composition is expressed as mass fraction (%), insert
in column 3. Add all of the columns on the “Total” line and divide all of the column totals by the column 3 total to obtain the
values for the “Total per kg of fuel” line. The excess air and relative humidity work sheet and the stack loss work sheet use the
totals per kg of fuel to calculate stack loss; for example, if one of the work sheets asked for “kg of CO
2
,” the value would be
taken from the “Total per kg of fuel” line in column 9.
ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705
221
Copyright American Petroleum Institute
Provided by IHS under license with API
Licensee=TECNA/5935100001
Not for Resale, 09/06/2007 11:42:18 MDT
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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COMBUSTION WORK SHEET
SI units
Job No.: Sample Work Sheet for G.3.2.2
Date of report: _____________________________________
Page 2 of 2
Column 6
Column 7
(3 × 6)
Column 8
a
Column 9
(3 × 8)
Column 10
Column 11
(3 × 10)
Column 12
Column 13
(3 × 12)
Air
required
kg of air
per kg
Air
required
kg
CO
2
formed
kg of CO
2
per kg
CO
2
formed
kg
H
2
O
formed
kg of H
2
O
per kg
H
2
O
formed
kg
N
2
formed
kg of N
2
per kg
N
2
formed
kg
11,51 9,958 3,66 3,167 — 8,85 7,657
34,29 3,679 — — 8,94 0,959 26,36 2,828
− 4,32 — — −3,32
— — — 1,00
2,47 1,57 — 1,90
— 1,00 — —
17,24 2,74 2,25 13,25
16,09 2,93 1,80 12,37
14,79 3,14 1,28 11,36
13,29 3,38 0,69 10,21
15,68 2,99 1,63 12,05
14,79 3,14 1,28 11,36
15,46 3,03 1,55 11,88
14,79 3,14 1,28 11,36
15,33 3,05 1,50 11,78
15,24 3,06 1,46 11,71
13,27 3,38 0,69 10,20
6,48 1,38 1,13 4,98
6,10 — 1,59 5,51
4,31 0,078 2,00 0,036 — 3,31 0,060
6,08 1,88 0,53 4,68
— — 1,00 —
13,715 3,203 0,959 10,545
13,715 3,203 0,959 10,545
a
SO
2
shall be included in the CO
2
column. Although this is inaccurate, the usually small quantities do not affect any of the final
results.
ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705
222
Copyright American Petroleum Institute
Provided by IHS under license with API
Licensee=TECNA/5935100001
Not for Resale, 09/06/2007 11:42:18 MDT
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
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