ANSI/API Std 560: 2007 Fired Heaters for General Refinery Service (Eng)

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.

H.6.5 Providing the lining surface in contact with the flue gas is above the dew point, the presence of a lining

provides corrosion protection to the steel stacks. Therefore, application of a lining can convert a steel stack,

classed as being under “high” or “medium” chemical load when unprotected, to a “low” chemical load

classification.

H.6.6 If the metal temperature is below 65 °C (150 °F), steel stacks shall be classed as being under “high”

chemical load.

H.6.7 If the metal temperature is above 345 °C (650 °F), steel stacks are classed as being under “low” chemical

load.

H.6.8 External and internal corrosion allowance should be in accordance with Tables H.5 and H.6, respectively.

For “high” chemical load, special acid-resistant coatings or special alloy steel should be used. For special alloy

steels, internal corrosion allowance should be selected based upon approved test data, depending on specific

corrosive action, and be agreed with the steel supplier.

Table H.5 — External corrosion allowance

External corrosion allowance

Material

For first 10 years For each additional 10-year period

Painted carbon steel — 1,0 mm (0,04 in)

Carbon steel protected by insulation/cladding 0,5 mm (0,02 in) 1,0 mm (0,04 in)

Unprotected carbon steel 1,5 mm (0,06 in) 1,0 mm (0,04 in)

Unprotected “Corten” or similar steel 1,0 mm (0,04 in) 1,0 mm (0,04 in)

Unprotected stainless steel — —

Table H.6 — Internal corrosion allowance for unprotected carbon steel stacks

Internal corrosion allowance Chemical load

65 °C < T < 345 °C (150 °F < T < 650 °F)

For first 10 years For each additional 10-year period

Low 1,0 mm (0,04 in) 1,0 mm (0,04 in)

Medium 2,5 mm (0,1 in) 1,5 mm (0,06 in)

High not recommended not recommended

ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705

263

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=TECNA/5935100001

Not for Resale, 09/06/2007 11:42:18 MDT

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,``,`,`,```,``,,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Bibliography

[1] ISO 13709, Centrifugal pumps for petroleum, petrochemical and natural gas industries

[2] AISC

13)

, Specification for design, fabrication and erection of structural steel for buildings

[3] AMCA 203

14)

, Field Performance Measurement of Fan Systems

[4] AMCA 802,

Industrial Process/Power Generation Fans: Establishing Performance Using Laboratory

Models

[5] AMCA 803,

Industrial Process/Power Generation Fans: Site Performance Test Standard

[6] API RP 500,

Classification of Locations for Electrical Installation at Petroleum Facilities Classified as

Class I, Division I and Division 2

[7] API 534,

Heat Recovery Steam Generators

[8] API RP 535,

Burners for Fired Heaters in General Refinery Services

[9] API RP 536,

Post-Combustion N0

Control for Fired Equipment in General Refinery Services

[10] API RP 554,

Process Instrumentation and Control

[11] API RP 555,

Process Analyzers

[12] API Std 610,

Centrifugal Pumps for Petroleum, Petrochemical and Natural Gas Industries

[13] ASM Metals handbook, Volume 3, Properties and selection: stainless steels, tool materials and special-

purpose metals

[14] ASME B 31.3,

Process Piping

[15] ASME STS-1,

Steel Stacks

[16] ASTM C 553,

Standard Specification for Mineral Fiber Blanket Thermal Insulation for Commercial and

Industrial Applications

[17] ASTM DS 5,

Report on the Elevated Temperature Properties of Stainless Steels

[18] ASTM DS 5S2, An Evaluation of the Yield, Tensile, Creep, and Rupture Strengths of Wrought 304, 316,

321 and 347 Stainless Steels at Elevated Temperature

[19] ASTM DS 6,

Report on the Elevated Temperature Properties of Chromium-Molybdenum Steels

[20] ASTM DS 6S2,

Supplemental Report on the Elevated Temperature Properties of Chromium-Molybdenum

Steels

[21] ASTM DS 11S1,

An Evaluation of the Elevated Temperature Tensile and Creep Rupture Properties of

Wrought Carbon Steel

13) American Institute for Steel Construction, 1 E Wacker Drive, Suite 3100, Chicago, IL 60601-2001, USA.

14)

Air Movement and Control Assocation, 30 West University Drive, Arlington Heights, IL 60004, USA.

ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705

264

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=TECNA/5935100001

Not for Resale, 09/06/2007 11:42:18 MDT

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,``,`,`,```,``,,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

[22] ASTM DS 58,

Evaluation of The Elevated Temperature Tensile and Creep Rupture Properties of 3 to 9 %

Chromium-Molybdenum Steels

[23] CICIND

15)

Model code for steel chimneys

[24] EN 1991 (Eurocode 1)

16)

, Actions on structures

[25] EN 1993 (Eurocode 3),

Design of steel structures

[26] ICBO

17)

, International Building Code

[27] SFSA

18)

, Steel castings handbook

[28] C

ORBETT, P.F. and FEREDAY, F., The SO

content of the combustion gases from an oil-fired water-tube

boiler,

J. Inst. Fuel, 26 (151), 1953, pp. 92-106

[29] R

ENDLE, L.K. and WILSON, R.D., The prevention of acid condensation in oil-fired boilers, J. Inst. Fuel, 29,

1956, pp. 372.

[30] T

AYLOR, R.P. and LEWIS, A., SO

formation in oil firing. Presented at the Congrès International du

Chauffage Industrial

, Gr. I l-Sect. 24 No. 154. Paris, 1952

[31] C

LARK, N.D. and CHILDS, G.D., Boiler flue gas measurements using a dewpoint meter, Trans. ASME, J.

Eng. Power

, 87. Series A (1), 1965, pp. 8-12

[32] B

UNZ, P., NIEPENBERG, H.P. and RENDLE, L.K., Influences of fuel oil characteristics and combustion

conditions on flue gas properties in water-tube boilers,

J. Inst. Fuel, 40, (320), 1967, pp. 406-416

[33] M

ARTIN, R.R., Effect of water vapor on the production of sulfur trioxide in combustion processes, Doctoral

dissertation

, 1971, University of Tulsa, OK, USA

[34] D

RAAIJER, H. and PEL, R.J., The influence of dolomite on the acid dew point and on the low temperature

corrosion in oil-fired boilers,

Brennen-Warme-Kraft, 13 (6), 1961, pp. 266-269

[35] A

TTIG, R.C. and SEDOR, P., A pilot-plant investigation of factors affecting low-temperature corrosion in oil-

fired boilers, Proceedings of the American Power Conference, Vol. 26, 1964, pp. 553-566;

Trans. ASME,

J. Eng. Power

, 87, Series A (2), 1965, pp. 197-204

[36] MARTIN, R.R., MANNING, F.S. and REEDT, E.D., Watch for elevated dew points in SO

-bearing stack gases,

Hydrocarbon Process, 53 (6), 1974, pp. 143-144

[37]

Technical Data Book — Petroleum Refining, Chapter 14, “Combustion”, API, Washington, D.C., 1966

[38] MAHAJAN, KANTI H., Tall Stack Design Simplified, Hydrocarbon Process, September, 1975, p. 217

[39] American Society of Heating, Refrigeration, and Air Conditioning Engineers,

Handbook of Fundamentals,

Second Edition, New York, 1974

15) Comité International des Cheminées Industrielles, The Secretary, 14 The Chestnuts, Beechwood Park, Hemel

Hempstead, Hert. HP3 0DZ, UK.

16)

Comité Européen de Normalisation (CEN), Rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

17)

International Code Council, 5203 Leesburg Pike, Suite 600, Falls Church, VA 22041, USA.

18)

Steel Founders Society of America, 455 State Street, Des Plaines, IL 60016, USA.

ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705

265

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=TECNA/5935100001

Not for Resale, 09/06/2007 11:42:18 MDT

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,``,`,`,```,``,,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

[40] Crane Co., Crane Technical Paper No. 410, New York, New York, 1957

[41] Buffalo Forge Co.,

Fan Engineering, Seventh Edition, Buffalo, New York, 1970

[42]

Chemical Engineer's Handbook, Fifth Edition, Perry & Chilton, McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, New

York, 1973

[43] Trane Co.,

Trane Air Conditioning Manual, The Trane Co., La Crosse, Wisconsin, 1965 revision

[44] IN-657, Cast Nickel-Chromium-Niobium Alloy for Service Against Fuel-Ash Corrosion — Engineering

Properties, Inco Alloy Products Ltd., Wiggin Street, Birmingham B16 0AJ, UK.

[45] ASTM A 515/A 515m,

Standard Specification for Pressure Vessel Plates, Carbon Steel, for Intermediate-

and Higher-Temperature Service

ANSI/API Standard 560/ISO 13705

266

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=TECNA/5935100001

Not for Resale, 09/06/2007 11:42:18 MDT

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,``,`,`,```,``,,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=TECNA/5935100001

Not for Resale, 09/06/2007 11:42:18 MDT

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,``,`,`,```,``,,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

#FFKVKQPCNEQRKGUCTGCXCKNCDNGVJTQWIJ+*5

2JQPG1TFGTU 6QNNHTGGKPVJG75CPF%CPCFC

 .QECNCPF+PVGTPCVKQPCN

(CZ1TFGTU 

1PNKPG1TFGTU INQDCNKJUEQO

+PHQTOCVKQPCDQWV#2+2WDNKECVKQPU2TQITCOUCPF5GTXKEGU

KUCXCKNCDNGQPVJGYGDCVYYYCRKQTI

.5VTGGV09

9CUJKPIVQP&%

75#



Product No. GX56004

Provided by IHS under license with API

Licensee=TECNA/5935100001

Not for Resale, 09/06/2007 11:42:18 MDT

No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

--```,``,`,`,```,``,,,,,,`,``-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---