260 Notes to Pages 184–94
41. La Nación, July 24, 1920.
42. Ibid., September 30, 1920.
43. Ibid., October 1, 1920. FECh president De María and Radical poet Víctor Do-
mingo Silva were among the speakers at Gómez’s funeral.
44. Ibid.
45. Ibid., September 30, 1920. Aguirre Cerda, like many reformers, took a more
personal approach to the Gómez case by donating 50 pesos to a fund for the student’s
family. Ibid., October 1, 1920.
46. Ibid., July 24, 1920.
47. This decree was restated in Law No. 2977, promulgated in January 1915. Cited in
MIP, ASXX, Oficios, vol. 2, no number (1925).
48. MIP, ASXX, Providencias, vol. 1851–75, no. 1870 (1909).
49. Ibid., Oficios, vol. 1, no number (1922); El Mercurio, July 20, 1920.
50. El Mercurio, July 20, 1920; La Nación, August 1, 1920.
51. ‘‘Memoria del Presidente de la Asociación de Educación Nacional [for 1920],’’
Revista de Educación Nacional 17 (March–July 1921): 40–41.
52. ‘‘Actas de la Asociación de Educación Nacional,’’ Revista de Educación Nacional 16
(July–August 1920): 265.
53. MIP, ASXX, Oficios, vol. 1, no. 45 (1922).
54. Ibid., Decretos, vol. 74, no. 5582 (1921). Visitors of Schools were ministerial
officials who oversaw public schooling in more remote areas of the country.
55. MIP, ASXX, Oficios, vol. 1, no number (1922).
56. La Nación, January 13, 1922.
57. MIP, ASXX, Oficios, vol. 3, no. 16 (1922).
58. Ibid., vol. 4, no. 30 (1922).
59. MIP, ASXX, Providencias, vol. 11, nos. 2898 and 2923 (1922).
60. The implementation of Decree 5582 coincided with booming school enroll-
ments nationwide. More than 449,000 children were enrolled in public schools in
1924, while only 114,410 were enrolled in 1900. There were 3,427 public schools in 1924,
up from 1,553 in 1900. Cabero, Chile y los chilenos, 378.
61. The sum of 2,000 pesos was approved by Darío Salas, director of primary
education. MIP, ASXX, Oficios, vol. 2, no. 1985 (1925).
62. MIP, ASXX, Oficios, vol. 2, no number (1925), and vol. 2, no. 1985 (1925).
63. Ibid., vol. 4, no. 1112 (1925). Fenner established that educators would, as they did
in 1924, lead ‘‘invocations for the race’’ at the May 21 event.
64. In a 1912 newspaper article in La Unión, Galdames states, ‘‘The Chilean race is
not the German race, our mentality is not like the German, and so the German ways
of teaching cannot be followed in Chile.’’ Cited in Solberg, Immigration and National-
ism, 80.
65. MEP, ASXX, Decretos, no volume, no. 7500 (1927).
66. In the mid- and late 1920s, civic education remained a required core subject and
was taught two hours per week to students in their fifth and sixth years of secondary
school. The Pedagogical Institute, furthermore, maintained two faculty members
(out of twenty-five to thirty) in the field of civic education. MIP, ASXX, Providencias,
vol. 4, no. 37 (1924); vol. 6, no. 1798 (1925); vol. 10, no. 4197 (1925); vol. 6, no. 4528 (1927).
67. Anonymous, ‘‘Hora de prueba,’’ Revista de Educación Primaria 35 (March 1928): 1–