Barzam A.B. Automation in Electrical Power Systems (Системная автоматика)

CHAPTEN

EIGET

TITREE-PEASE

AUTOMATIC

REILOSURE

acco*plished

'regardless

of

the

fact

-whether

it

is

tripped

locally

or

remoterv.

'l

o

prevent

the

breaker

from

reclor*.

"itrt

i.ipping

b-v

the

tontrol

kev

or

the

remote-controt

-dryi;;;.i:ru

"p.onftit1ie,,"ii*

action

of

the

ARc

deiice

is given

simultaneously

*itn

;;-ro;;*h;;";;?"#

tl,

cioru"r-;-,

tir"

tripping

I

device

is

caused

b5,

capaci

tar

C

which

rd

by

the

contact

TR_I.'

The e.harro f..,,. ;;;:::^,:."jlo,rp,"ror,rve

current

trom

the

relay

contact

2AR_I.

ted

reclosures

and

trippings

when

the

and

the

short

circuit

prriirti,

the

circuit

The

use

of relay

3AR

makes

it possible

to

avoid

using

the

unreliabje

inter-

locking

s1'stems

*[icit-g""ta'rgu,";t

multiro]JrJc.iosures

(int-erlocking

against

"jogging")

and

are

empl"oy.d

in'some

actuators

of

the

circuit

breakers.

.rrrTl,o

ARc

de'ice

op*ritiogtime

ir.oot.oii;ify

rhe

time

serting

of

the

TR

The

possibilit]'

oJ,accelerating

the

action

of

protection

system

(or

before)

the

operation

of

the

-enc

J-"i;.:'f,;;;;is,

use

may

AR*.

making

(oi

breaki"gl

"ooi""t.

One-shor

three-nhase

1l! .a*ice

with prohibited

operation

v,hen

are

tri

pp

ed

b

v

cb

n t13t

or,ti+:i'

ru'l:i]ifi;;il

i

r:

"Yf'"'*i

tr'

o u

i

T[i

Fie.

8-5.

breakers

is

foreseen

after

be

made

of the

tripped

(Fig.

e

one-snal

AHC

with

pro.hibit-ed

operation

u:h,en

breaker

k remotelu

&5)'

The

circu*

ir

d"sigo"a

ro-tuJ.Lrr"*ir"ol'th,

breaker

i-s

o

r

the

b

a

nk'

rni

s pre'eu

ts

i,,t

o

-

"i

ii"#.ii.ilf

Ir

iur

tll

H"i

:fli:

tli#Hil#

f

ilH:l'ffTiJ||nff,Xtj'l##r

renote

contror

a""ir,

""i

.ir*-"

th.

b;;;k;;

-rlF-lriar*---

CHAPTEN

EIGET

.

Fig.8-6,

One-sbot

TPAIIC

dcvjce

u,ith prohibited

operatiolr

*.hen

breakers

are

tripped

by

control

contactor

ot

re-ul6-*riJ"a"ii""""'itrr

the

use

of

tvrc-

positjon

relal'

in

t,his

position

after

the

current

flou

position

is

occupied

bv

the

armature

of

the

rela\'.

With

such

a

rela5,

in 1

kev

v'ith

an

automat,ic

return

io

thr

with

automatic

ret,urn

after

the

conl

Tiie

ARC

device

operate,s

as

follorvs.

when

the

breaker

i.s tripped.

(in

the

initiar

position):

The

blocking

contact

Bi-w

of the

breaker

iJ"rr*a;'irrus,the

breaker

closing

circuit

is prepared.

,. *#i

jli*l::"51:**y^{{_tl1'1e

-er

B52}js

in

tf1q*i{ot

eorresponding

r,'vrr'"'rsrJ

uurreur,

rru!1

rI1

Llle

coLIU)

COnLaCtS

I"

I7-l and

f'II-2

afe

ClOSed,

and

contacts

.F.R-J

and

FR_4

".,

opro.

y"".:r

l:

t

. *lC.

j

i:1ce;

(a,

mo tb

r_t.vp.'

-ut

ti

rt"

e.

.ff"rt#ft

l:

fj;]l.l"u

used

if

the

breakur.

"..'J"itun],';;;.;d#;J;'""i

devices.

ion

u'ith

rlng

trll}e

oI

2 s

for

the

first e.vcle 45 c fn? rho o

As in

the

circuit

shown

in

{is.

8-4,

blocking

against

repeated

rec}ospres

and

rping

operations

at

any

troubl-e,

including

"

E*-""a

.ontact in the re1et, 2 a R

l:iry:ig_g..ra

tio

ns a

r

an

y

tlo

u

b l*e,

io.i

u

a i"g

"

ntact

in

the

relay

2AR,

is

performed

by

reiay

iaA.

Another

wav

to

realize

an

ARC

s],stem

at remoteiy

controljed

substations

iS

bV

USinS

a tWi-rr.,*if inn ralo., rtrno DTJ e(o /D:- o Z.\ r -, . .1

I^T,-t1s"1^t::p?lilio.r

relav,

t-r'pe

pII-352(Fis.

g--6tro

srart

rhe

ARC device.

A specific

feature

of,this

relay'iiiit"l,-"'nro'^"rii.rrrt

flows

in

one

of

its

coils

UI

I

tS

COIIS

(the

first

one)

the

relay

*t*ttu.r

sets

in

a

certain

fixed

position

and

remains

perative

negative

cwrent

circuit

to

dis_

Avr'

r!E

(/urrLaot

!!. -opens

and

the

operative

cunent-is

reri.,ooj-+"- -i"^;::^-

-^, -- an . ..

ta5,

noa

nJ.';;k'.'fl;;11ft.;fiil;T;

<er)

and

no

reclosure

occurs.

TIIREE-PE.{SE

ALITOi{ATIC

RECLOSURE

f:il":"l.,lll*:::_ql'^":g fi1:illla,t

a

shorr

circuit

no

auiomaric

recrosure

h.lfi

JiX...#:

j*::r*::::gs::iy**:iq$:iriJ!illi:'lJJi,T'1i"r:Tiff

[';

j}'iJn'i,:trii?l1l_"'Hflj:{}T,..";t*loriili;b"dTil::X:TJ#:h:f

iii:

current

from

the_time

rel=ay"ot

th,

ARC

;;;;;;

ll"li f *, #I 9-

(u

t ce

y

rs^ioce .{

ebb,-t".

_.["

t

A R

C

d

e

v

i

ee-s

are

v'idel5'

used

their

use

means

the

single-

and

reguired).

Tliey

three-shot

ARe

i il

":

i :

y:,?l

I l\:. :1,_: { l_g

a,

"

i.*'

a

u

"

t

*"i

a J

il'

;o

;

i,#?:

l*:,

_

:*t_"

tl

* X

",

:

t

:. i: 19

*

pi.

*, q

"

i

T";;

; ."

"#_?J.;;

"t

:

devices

qre

used

with

the

opera_

cvclg.

-F'or

thg

US-qR nogJp.r sw.tarr,

+L^ +;*.^ ^r +L-'-

vJvrv

q't.

(rv

s

ror

lne

The rrv.,_"r,^,,iilAT::jlrl*^T

rhe

rime

of

the.rhird

cycle

is

b

minures.

[t3 ;-m *;1.*l,t i::: : : -" 1 t-T r

il ;

;;

"

ffi

fi

1;

;

"*

"

T

".H1.i'.7

d e

v

ices

wi

t

h

d if f

eren

t

o

pera

ti

n

g

ti-;-s

;;

fi

;.#

#

il:h'

;i

J"Ttf,?l

tli8-7).

CHAPTER

EIGHT

THREE-PHASE

AUTOMATIC

RECLOSURE

l*

*r'

i

4 !ffi

;#'.""ir

;ffi'

'I??

;l?

#

:i:il

"i

"":""HI;l

T I'-Tiff

'

.illl l

;"#i;h";'iJ';"*i;-Tl*ilY

a- recJosure

is

feasible.

is

formed

wh.en

the

breaker

autometir,.allr.z rrinc nrha-

IH:".?:1T ffi:l:i:*S:,:tT,

elements

as

.the

circu*

of

the

one_shot

ARc

'

The

relay

2'4^R

func'r'ions,

holds

itself

by

the

se^rie3

coil

aud

feedsa

closins

::-"TiJ"r:T_ireaker

via

the

;if;i;;;Ji'"liJr'r,sa,

jumper

(bridse)

-r

and

a_ recJosure

is

feasible.

is

formed

-wheo

the

267

{i;';,"I1f;

:;l;fl ::i'';1".1,*"111i:*i,*{:;:'"*Fffi

i:T',[flilllu.'o1ij,1

:ili":t'H: i:*l* Jl'; : 1T :

"

I'

t

n l;"

1

il"*

ffi

";'"'il"

:i';;

;'i;:i#I

places

the

resistor

iifi

into

the

li

Pras'er

ure

reslslor

tfi

into

the

circuit

to'ensure

the

therm.ai

rt"*fiiy

of

the

coil

of

relaS'

f-R.

Some

time

later,

a-period

which

deterrninps rho nnd>a*.ina *.*^

*,r

r'r'Iy

r

rt'

Dome

trme

rater,

a

period

which

determines

the

ope"rating

time

of the

first

reclosure,

the

sliding

contact

TR-Z

comnletes the diceh-,roina ni-^,,i+

ur Lrrv'rst

rcclosure'

tne

slrdins

contact

TR-2

complet_es

the

disct'arging

Eir.oii

of,the^capacitor

Jc

through

tf,e

;'.il

;i;i;iffi)av

.

rR rhp no.oror ^^;r ^+

cbil

of.

signal

reliy

ISn,

the

paratlel

coil

of

e

terminal

of the no'qreT

q^rr.n6

relav

zAR

and

on

to

rhe

i"s,"iiu.

Gff;T

,f

ffi

;r#i;r;r"r:.:

Stanat

oD onpralion

"o/

JIE

it"y"-.

lc

\

lr- \

\-\

a<

oo

\v)

.tR

e>

i

c

\

Clostn,g

lime

relau

o/-ARC

deytcp'

ARC

fst

shot

ARC

Znd

siot

Pro.hibittnq

ARC

Hallzshot

reclosinq

ilioclnq

Closinq

brea*cr

ond

starltitg

ARC cievite

Breaier

trtTping

Reloy

closinq

tc orcelerale

protecti-an

octton

Prolectton

occelera/

tng

circuit

Fig.

8-7.

Two-shot

three-nhase

condensed

diagran;

circult

l-s

ls

iloged

contact

3AR-2.

'ar

vr

drHrrar

reray

Jb'Il,

jumper

(bridge)

"r

""8

*4v

rsrav

'Att

tunctions

and

feeds

"

rlgnul-;}"*

#JTifi;i:

power

source.

contactor

remains

closed

f

R";;nt

-ia---*-

------:

Signq/

t-

r-

ltf

and

opened

in

.

ARC

device,

rype

pnB_25g

Dy

contactor

6tack

ln

position

ON

(t)

OFF

(-prohliting

AFt)

Sionol

JAR.2

BC-/

'1lr'*

n*tort

i i'?r

proiecitcn

Ot-

1

occelerattac

|

-

carcatl

(a)

developed

diaeram;

16)

posi

tion

CEAPTER

EIGET

I

i

I:^:T-: L',l"_'''"ly'DJ!'sLv!.r

o-r

-arLer

rne_rrrpplng

srgral

is

given,

the

contactor

8-3.

Single

Tie

Lines

Between

power

Stations

and

Sulstations

with

Synchronous

Loads

T4""

parallel.

operation

of power

stations

or parts

of a

porver

svstem

is

carried

oul

over

.tioelg

tie

Iines

'without

parallei

ri"ti (Fig.15i

d.isconnection

of

a line

section

disturbs

their_synchronous

op.t.tioo.

This should

be taken into

TEN3E.PEASE

EUTOMATIC

RETLOSURE

f

*Tif

fr'",r*?y!:::d::51"i:ylt.raormarop_eratingconditi

ions

the

regional

ll* :'.9, :

q: q

i

"r"

-ryG##

;;

;il,"

ir";;,Ti::

?T:l

li:: : l: i

;:

:: :*;j

i

ffii:

#'

T:

l'f'

"',*

f

#'

?i

J T1';" l3l,:-":. r:T ? i{

fto.-

a local

power

stition.

The

the

other

part

is

iupplied

he

power

station

is

bilan_

:"'Tiif

ifil#flil,Tl;Ii;r:l';t'J,.*'*#il*"o_iE;J'?iil,L'if

l,1:::

r;

efiri.'i

#t'

ri:'

r:#l

i,l?:[|"

is

crose

d-

the

rocar

;;;;;

;;"r

t""

:r:il?:;

when

section

AB'of

tht-i;ffie-is

at

fault,

the

ioad

of

substatioa

.B

cannot

be

continuously

supplied

f;t;;h;

power

station

since

this

eauses

overioads

on

Stattcn

Fig.

r8-8.

Example,oi

a

.circuii

iiagram

the

station

generators

and

*dl:u:,

the

freg-uenc-\,

and

voltage

-in

the

region

remaining

connected

to

the

po*tt

station.

iilo

*.rsures

are

taken

to

unroad

:l'reff:,Hlors

the

resulr

mav'be

trip;;;'a*"iJru

r"a

losr

suppil,ro

the

starjon

Led

*'ith

a

prorection

whicir

lv.iil

trip

it

,

and

busblrs

C,

occurs.

Sometimes

the

substation

is

usbd

as

breaker

.5.

er-

protection

is

applied

n,hose

action

is

This

t5,pe.of

prot,eftion

trip*

l.L"f*..

.i

rower

is

direc,red

from

tne

lus[il?;

load

are

accomplished

w-hen

section,BC,

's

in

the

power

s-vstem

s,ith

;;;;l;;;

bion

devices^

of

section

s

AB

and

BC,

RC

de'ice

of

breakerrT""a

Z-;;;J

the

instant

the

line

is

"i

oo

"ott*g.-

r

_5

is

tripped.

r

ls

rripped.

nectioo,b';"k;;fi

ffiffi

["#"-H$l!*il;,lt?Jr1fi

:'"""',T,:;#,',H"r;]:r,"J;

without

additionar

time

ne;J.e'i;r

;+"

'{

r#'brrrk*

it

an1,

shorr

circuit

on

the

lines

running-f"";;;;b;*

",

towards

the

nower s-,qrorn nn *,.a

Svstem

account

when

installing

ARC

devlces

on

tnesr

riaes_-

wffi

prlnclptes

"oa"rtviog

tu.

an-de'ices

v,'hich

ma1,

s,

used

under

the

given

conditions.

svsrem

rines

and

'r.hj

rines

*pprri"s

ir*

rolJ,

"Tlnl""Til

:Hffnh";

11'

f;:;:;

270

CHAPTER

EIGIIT

rEREE-PEASE

AUTOMATIC

NECLOSURE

arc.

,To

make

automatic

reclosure

operation

of thp

qrrrnmo*i^

,,^_-..^.1rlT.effective,

it

Tust

be

oombined

nith

the

HJ,1:r[ijJ':].^,"_,*lTiT,_l:,"_,_'-

;hil";;;lioi,Jnlijr;;

:f:ii_",,1,]:,1"t::

#:l;:,l"JilX1-,:,t*l't;S;lll"*::":':ffi;*##;iltT;,.?,e";"".f

llli,llf",

*'B:'::JH;r"'l',Ti',"":i:l-"*^l?:;';;;r{il;:?::ii:x'"J:ffi

i

l:":tT:??:*illifl

"j::;;"il^s#;ritiiifi

",i:?''irr_:it,o,synchro-

""H_;:iu^o;"..f.:.u.111:H:l:tr{td!l;;1ffi

il",',"*f

Ht;lf":i;Tf

:

fi H""

;

li,':,Y::i I f::

ol

* i'*",T +^t'#l

ff

fi ;':";

;i,3.'

":-1

iil'j'

"

t h e

ttipppg

of

the

supply

tio..

lisUo

quuuruaLrc'

crevlces

respond

to

the

dervoltaoe

relew nr rho raani,,i__ _

y1be.

noted,

however,

that

the

rise

of

an

uD_

H,""""t:",T#1gi,',1."*;1S"#;;;,"1;!;:ffi

?,;:TJ,i?,:,T"?f

,:l,il"

3ll'"H"ili::,*T":T1-::tls:1ith"ilfi.,il;5?:"";3:Hi'"'Tilil#3it

;iii?:",T,*t''*#i:Tl'"Xl?;,'":j:,:*itt+Tiilir*""eilt"d-H:ffi

liff

F.t"l,t:.if :r'"1::0,:o,.,,od..-';;;;ffi

'#;;:;t"ff.t::,,l;;:li"r:'H'll

forcing

the

excitation.

271

ith

automatic

deuices

remaui.ng

ezcttation

en

the tupply

ol the

substatioi

i"s

stopped.

t,

Supplv

ltne

t/

V

I

tt

Receivinq

sulstoitot.

/\

taJ

Fig'

8-9'

Changes

in

frequenc\'-

on

-terminals

of syrrchronous

capacitor

after

,

rrippir:g

the

supply

line

.

(o)

suppl]'

circuit;

(i')

relationship

between

freguenc].

anc

time

lpplied

through

transmission

lines

fron

c_apacitor

to

maintain

the

busbar voltage

!\rhen

the

line.

is

tripped

at

the

,uppi_o

'9)

or the

svnchronouj

motors

instaliei

revoh'e

due

to

inertia.

The

resuit

mav

s

and

the

excited

sl,nchronous

machinel"

e.

This

causes

asl'nchronous

connection

)rques

in the windings

and

on the

shaft.

igned

to

operate

under

such

conditions.

;pe9d

s-"*nchronous

motors,

have

starting

lation

rnay

fs

obtained

unless

the

excil

rlreferore'

ror

ellecttve

automatic

line

rec]osure

the

reclosure

time

of the

breaker

from

the

suppiy

side

must

U.

gr*"t.r-*""*tir.

total

time

tat<en

by trip-

ping

the

synchronou-"

load

or removins

the

excitaticn

and

ext,inguishing

tlie

ni

%

I

,al-

I

f

20-

-^r^!h:

fi'rst

metluod.

The

tripping

of

the

srpplv

line i.s dpreerorr lr-, - f-^-

ruray

respondrng

to

the

freguencv

of

the .rntt o.o -";;;;;:-^;*r-"_'.i^^'-'_9s:uuy

nous

motor"s

or

synchronoui

caplcitors

(SCj.

-"

'rvu

'J

tuc

syrcnro-

.*p"*Y;lotoo

the

supply

is

tripped

the

speed

reduction

of

these

mechanisms

is

given

by

the

dA.^

Attt:#

lces

(&1)

(8-21

(&3)

(u)

(8_5)

1.6

t.6

.t

I'Iiere

Aor,

:

orz:

l4tithin

a

be

regarded

with

f,

14

s

Figure

8-gb

shows

is

seen

from

the

fig,:re

de.creese

il

-tbe

engrjar

speed

;i'f

ffi

loX*,lt"ltt*een

the-emJ

vectors

of

tbe

synchronous

capacitor

(motor)

10

to

2.0

fer

cent

speed

reductjon

as

.belng

uniformly

retarded.

the

rotor

of

a

synchronous

machine

may

then

6,,:*

#++

u

- ^

n

t

in

Aio-

j6r.

:

{,

:

,n

,

dt

Pn

Tin'

iiii

T;1.*i;T:ru""r1."irl;rlientase

relative

to

rhe

ang'lar

speed

or

the

normar

berore-

La/s:fi

$y,

no

with

different

p

t/pn

ratios.

It

the

supplV

lin;,

the

frequu"ry

,i,

CIIAPTER

EIGET

..,.^Th:t,

a.freguency

relay

having

a setiing

iess

than

that

of

the

last group

of

tne

autonatic

trequency

control

device

may

be

used

as

an indicator

of

altripp.d

suppiy

line.

0 0:2

g.+

a.6

0.6 La

!.2

t.+

t.0 t.6

2.0

s

Fig.

8-10. Frequency

changes

at receiving

substation

ted

on

the

assumption

that the po\rrer

system

generators

decelerate

uniformlr

vvu

vu

uDv

qooulrtsurr_--_uTor,

Lrl-e

Puvvtrt

DySLern

gelrBlaLors

ogcelglatg

unilol.mlJt

during

the frequenc-v

fall from

50 io

40

Hz due tolhe

effect

of a

real

Dower

deficii

after

tripping

the

alter

tripping

the generation

sources.

The

inertia

time

constant

of-the

rotating

mass

of

the

power

svstem

is assumed eouel tn 45 s

power

system

is assumed

egual

to

15 s.

The

fali

of the poTver

systen

frequency

is roughll'

determined

from

assuming

that

P

/Pn

:

{.3

Lfo/o:#.

t.3t

x

B.Tt

\tr'Ih9n

tlqg.l*tat,ion

drop-s

by srnaller

amounts,

the freguencv varies

still

less.

Fig'

8-10

also

qivgs

a

cbange

characteristic

in the

substation

frequency

when

the-power

supply

line

is tripped

and when

a load

of

about 50

per

irttt

oi

the SC.

rating

remaios'connected

io

tire

s;mchronous

capacitor

(Iine

i;.

A. ,.un

Jrem

tlre figrereJine.

2

frlls fasterthal

ti.nffi

Shown

in

Fig.

8-11

is the

circuit

of a <ievice

whose

operation

is based

on

the

above

nentioned

difference

in the

rates

of frequeucy

changes.

Frequenc._v

relays

.Z

t

Jlz

50r

Af

o/

il

I

dF

,rl

'u

l-

20L

(8-4),'

(8-6)

t

TEREE-PE-{SE

AUTOU.ATTC

ngCf,OSUnb

LIJ

Fig.

g_11.

Device

responding

to

frequencl,

change

rate

the

contact'

Relay

4

operates

and

cont-inues

to

hold

itself

after

reiay.?

has

opened

:li,ff;:i:i

rilith

tn'

t..J

iiJ.'

;-J*-R;iiry'I'r,ips_

rhe

sc;;

removes

irs

Tirc

th,ird

m.etlnti.

T

by

a

real

power

relav

c

across

the

busba.s

of

'rent,relay

are

open

due

to

Len

the

line

is

tripped.

Tli!

l.

current

generated

by

the

)

relay

in

conjunction

with

;

indicated

by

two

factors:

Iffi;;;;;i

rela1,5

allos,s

th,i

oper'"t#

.,^rvu

b.,'

rruwer

svsrem

rreguency

falrs

due

,ot:"i"r.hk"

Iirl;;;.#t'ilf1i

t8-2076

fo

citsconnect

or

dt

scharoe

-the

SI

f teto

274

CIIAPTER

EIGET

its

turn

speeds up the

change

of

the

synchronous load

to

operation with

removed

excitation

(or

the tripping

of

this

ioad), i.e.,

makes

it

possibie

to

speed up the

action

of the

ARC devices from

the

supply substation side.

The

variants

of

the

circuit

of a device which

automaticaliy removes

the

excitation

of the

SC

w-ith subsequent

reciosure

of

the fieid

circuit, after effective

autonatic

reclosure

of the supply

line

are

iliustrated in

Figs.

B-12 and 8-13.

Asgnchronous

ARC

d"euices

use

the

same

eircuit

as

the

AFC

devices

on

the

transmission

lines

supplied

at

one-

end.

The-.i-pii"ity

"oa

-rJiJii.

operation

of

such

ARC

devices

lccount

tor

tnri.

L;;;"itj';

suppried

from

borh

end.s.

TTREFfPEASE

AUTOMATIC

RFCLOSUNE

275

Tc

o'zsccnnect

taL

aevtce

To

connect

fDC

deytce

To

disconne:! svncironous

'tu

s

.:J

\s

OU

R*

from resistor

in

exctlo.t.i

on

vinaing

frcm lrt,ond

.2nd

voliage

tronsfornters

from

/st

cnd

Znd

rolta-oe

transfortnes

Fig.

8-12.

ARC

device

of synchronous capacitor

J

--

voltage

re)a5;

2

-

underfreguenc!

relaT; B and 4

-

time

relays; s

-

axilian-

rela-\';

o.

-

relal' delayed in

reset; 7-9

-

Eeries

resist,ors;

j0-ta

-

signalling relays;

J4

-

s$'itch;

ti

-

contact

on the

main breaher

(closed

when

breekei is

turned

oi.r):

{f

-

Jumper;

PR

-

contact

of

real

power

rela;- used in

supp}l'line

(closed

when line is

dlsconnected

and no

power

flos'toward

receiving station).

E'hen

r€)a-\

P.R

is

used

the

circuit shown in

broken line is open

The

excitation

is reapplied

either

after a specified

time

(provided

the

busbar

Fig.

8-13.

ARC

device

of

sl,nchronous

capacitor

i:ililTi.._,-"fiiI'"i;y9;ii;To"f,X",L'lf

u"i:,.;F;i"",':l!"_*r:r,!gnr);o:z:-

3.e

-.

psispll.';i:lifop"r;

pr?

-

conree-t ,lFllii':'^1,;'-t^{lltlll-s,rptals;

;i--'si'iiet;

auxiriary

ieiays;

t an,r

s_idiiy-,'o-Jii"v"o';

s:ri?4r;'1.,[?xil[t:s1Jr."€l']:1!Lf;;"L

if*1iff]&'T,lii [niTtiib,{*];"i*jfrt"rr--rea:.

n;;"';;i;;'iled

in

circut

or

suppry:

reiay'-Fn-i;;;"d"fi;

crrcurt

shown in

"*u1,91?ljl,o-$^J9l'ald^receivlrie

iiati;;j."if'fr;;

.\

rEr.t/b;

6 ano_g

_

rejaTe

delayed

in

reset;

:a--z+

_liqii

Jd

-

resistor;

J7

-

lu

lrne

(ctosed

when lini ,?Bfli^fj^;^"gll"c_t-

ot

rea:--.no-",",

..i,ji

it{'"

tirgr_ud.;:t;

lir6;'fi;irffi.;"f:ilicl

or

real power

relav

us&

inAii'ciit

or'

reiay'-Fn-i;;;ui"fi.

crre'rr

qhnwn

i-

"-^,.L9191

^flow

towarci

recei"lrie

iiatibij.

reiay

P.R

is

used

tle-circuii-s'n-"if

iii"u'iXl

P'*-9'

rrov''

towaro

tec,llllq

ftluonl.

v'ifen

brearer

/clo^p_rt _u,. ,*"tjllgjr.o-p9l:

l9C

_.cont6ct

on_i[b

biiii

breaker

(crosd

wiien

tnJ

irAi"r:

i:";ilr€j

*l

voltage

of

the

receiving

substation

is

restored

(Fig.

V1,2)

or after a speed

close

to

the

s-vnclr.ronous

speed

is reached

(monitored

b5'relay

8,

Fig.

8-13).

If

tire

voltage

fails to

recover

u'ithin'the

specified time,

i.€., t,lie automatic

reclosure

of the suppl5'

line

is

ineffective,

provision

is made to trip

the SC.

Helay

8

responds to the

current in the

rotor

s'inding.

It

is

an auxiliary

relay

with

delayed armature

dropout.

The frequencv

of

the

rotor

current

pulsations

tn'it

er.ice

tripped

couesponds

to the

slip

value.

The FDC

device

is turned

on

at

a slip equal

to 5

per

cent. Relav

9 ensures

the single

action

of

the

nulse closing the FDe

deviee-

The

distance

protection

against

three-phase

short circuits

has

a blocking

de+iee

thet+Ioses

+-heeper+ti+e+ir+uit

o:rlyjn

the case sf

a sr:rge

in

tbe

ttack=

ward-sequence

quantities

for the

time

tbe

contacts

of the

-protection

starting

element

remain closed.

The circuits

of

the first

zone

and

the measurement

CEAPTER

EIGET

circuits. As

shown experimentally, the

protection

operatiag

time

should be

not less

tban

0.

t5

s.

Back-up

protections

against symmetric

short circuits are made

with a

time

deiay

and

respond to

tofal

crurents and

voltages.

These

protections

are

f

uruished

with

au

interlocking

device that can close

the circuit

in

the case of

asymmetric

operation

and

prohibit

operation

when the starting

elenoent

opens

the contact;

this

prevents

misoperation when the swing

period

increases

before

the

power

system is

pulled

in

syncbronisn..

The

interlocking

circuit is showa in

Fig.

8-L4.

C.,ontact K of

the

starting

element

which responds

to a

surge in

the magnitudes of backward

sequence

To

disconnection

:

..

.

,

Fig.

8-,1{.

Frotecl.icn btllkine

circuit

(the

contaet

of biocking

against hunting)

closes

for

a short time

the circuit of

time relay

T

R.

If

a surge

arises

due

to a

shorf circuit, occurring

in

the

region

under the effect

of

the 6hm

relay

OR,

tbe Iatter

functions and

provides

holding

the rela1,

?,R

and

its

operation

at

the specified

setting.

If

a surge occuls during

asynchronous

reclosure

with sirnultaneous

operation

of

the reiay

OF,

the

coil of relar'

?.R

remains

closed

until the

relay contacts

open

in

the first hunting cycie. This

done, the

coil of

relay f"R

cannot close,

as its circuit

is opened

b]'the

contact

biocking

against

hunting. Tbus,

if the hunting

cycle increases

before

pulling

in

s-r.nchrouism,

it

wiII have

no effect on

the operation

of the

protection

s1'stem.

In

order

to

prevent the

protection from operating

directly

after an

asyn-

cbronous

reclosure,

the

cbaracteristic

of

relay

O.R

should be

desensitized

n'ith

which

the

biocking

unit

becomes

re.ad.v

for

repeated

operation

must

overl,ap

the

total

time

iapsed

f.om

theinstant

tfie

breakir

of the-Iine

being protected

is

tripp-ed

after

the

short

circuit

to

its

reclosure

by the

ARc

a*"i"".

The

protection

system

and

the

automalic

rlJot*.

devile

op"r"t"

a-s follows.

when

a short

circuit

o"rut*.

inr

ii"rl1

.;;rffi

at

borh

ends.

The

operaring

time

of

t'he

ARC

device

used

at,

one end

is

srit

to

a

smaller

vaiue

than

at the

other

end.

but' greater

than

the

tripping.

time

of tle

breaker

used

at

the

opposite

end

of

the

linel

when

the

breatei

i-"

Jlosed

from

this

end

oi th;

line

a

quick-

acting

protection

i's

piaccd

into

operation

for

O.is.

At this

instant

the

distance

protection

against,three-pha-se

shbrt

circuits

from

both

ra

of

tne

line

is ren-

dered

inoperitive.blr

ths'blocking

unit,

re*sponding

to

a surge

in the

backward-

sequence

guantities.

If the

short

circuit-persists,

the

line

is

instantaneousiy

tripped,

if

cleared,

the

line

remains

comnleted.

Ai

the

other

encl,

ihe

device

waits

for

a voltase.

The AARC dpwin.p ie er.!n-

lr-r^T::1"^o-!y

r vottage

rytay

ro

check

it.

iio.-

n;il;d;;.;;;;i;

;;';;;";

#;;

a

rela-v

rs

not

available,

it

is;made

with

the

time

oveiirppi"fiilL

iripping

time

of

the

line

at

t.he

opposit.e

end.

"*,.,3j'.:,1i:,T:Tunf,

tbe

acceleraring

circuits

of

the

protection

responding

ro

--*rrjH

uuf.renr,c

are

rendered

inoperative

!y

the

ARc

devices.

The

di'itan;;r;:

tections

against.tiiree-phase

faults

are

alio

ren-dered

inoperatir*

n.1,

ti*-rJirg

HSa:-

iinit.

Iiro iine,

trippiii3s

,ruu

to-",qu"il;i"g

curients

iake'place

aftei

1

the

line

is

under

voltage.

a

fault

is

rker

at the

opposite

end

of the

line

is

Lo

use

non-selective

accelerated

protec._

ith

an

operafing

time

of 0.15

s

at

both

nctiors.

A-q indicated

earliei,

this

time

on-simultaneou-s

closures

of

the

breaker

The

first

stage

of the

earth

fauit

protection

should

haye

the same

time

if its

operating

cument

is

not

isoJated

against

the

maximum

currents

resulting

from

ast'nchronort-"

connections.

u4

vurrFuLD

,'

E

:ction

against

asr,mmetric

short

circuits

nd

second

distanc.e

protection

zone.s

have

current,

and

voltage

ripple

occur

aft,er

ring

occurs

u'ith

a proteciion

attempted

onding

to

s*'ings

aie

automaticall],

ien-

It

should

be

noted,

that

witir

asynchronous

automatic

reclosure

device-s

the

usual

protecticn-

system-s

need

no

coynlicatioor,

"rru*ing

that

in

some

c&ses,

after

the

ARC

devices

have

operajed.,

thq-p;;;;c-rion

s1'stem

will

trip

the

line

'

if

il

has

no

shs+t

eireuit-

thuf*ducing

ttrJ

i"t"rl##;iffiiof

effectjiG

auto-

matic

reclosures.

^- -Tlt-l-".tt^{llll:t

of the

AARq

devices

should

be

coordinated

wirh

rhe

t'pes

v^

sue

rv./L,ruuarrzrng

au[omatlc

de\]ices

used

in

the

power

s]rsteB

to

stop

";i_-

276

TEREE.PEASE

AI]TOI6A?IC

RECI.OSURE

..1 1 - Adr-.r

/)^-fu^-rL^

^-:^^^ mL^a:*^-.:+Li-

clrcullsorf,Ileseconozotreopenv.zLo

u.,f

saMI

uuuDlu'gt

artstis, llrtturlrrE

wr.r,rurr

CITAPTER

EIGTT

TEREE-PEASE

AUTOM]+'TIC

RECLOSUNE

279

From

(8s)

and

(8-9)

the

no-power

critical

time

of

the

breaker,

i.e.,

the

time

during

'*'hich

the

auxiiiarv

contacts

remain

open,-;;G^;;ghi'

caiculated..

-

Ii

PIIP,:

I

,i'e.,

iJ

i;

is

supposed

thaf

the

_generators

fuliy

work

into

the

tie

line

and

rhat

61,

:

50

degree-si;;;

ati)

;,

find

that

t:0.23

s

lines

furnished

with

high_speed

protec_

ng

time

o.f

-0.0A

s.

the

no_power

time

'c-exti:rguishing

time

of

thtj

breaker

is

race

on

the

transnission

line

is

0.13 s.

rimum

permissibje

to prevent

the

arc

10

kV

transmission

line.

lme

adds

to

the

arc

extingtishing

and

Le

risk

of disturbances

to

f,he

*y-n?bro_

rm

rises

as

weii.

,event

misoperat.ion

of

the

protection

done

in

a

minner

similar

to-iti"i;;;;

tice.

rkers

are

available

s,itiiout

an

ert.er_

ng

switch

inside

the

circuit

breaker

ave

a

carr_ving

capacitv

of

2.000

am_

]\{VA.

en.

ed

through

non_return

valves

t.o

the

nartef

and

form

"

q"p

giving

t,he

s

heid

in

this

position-by

cimpr"esscd

r

tripping

qrcle

sf

+he

l+reali+rJle

he

return

springs,

therefore

to

close

:elease

valve.

Tlis valv*

i=

,"iurilJ

If

the

generators

with

load

P1€re

working

into.an

infinite-power

svstem

through

a tie

line,-then,

*'ULo

tr,.

Iine

is

Iror,?o

""d

supposing

tirat

the

rotor

motion

is uniformll'accelerated,

we

may

write

in

correspondence

with

(g-2)

6rz:

+i:+P,

rad

Since

&1,

:

2nln

when

?h

:

i0

s, we

have

6rz:

6.,

-

6n

:40

to

50

degrees

(8-7)

(8-8)

61,:+

##f,*:eoof,,,

(8-e)

CEAPTER

EIGBT

TEREE.PEASE

AUTOMJ.TIC

R&TLOSURE

?al

FISARC

ma1:

[s

t5ed

jn

conjunction

with

other t-vpes

of automatic

reciosures

(for

instance.

with

OPARC

on

sinsle lines and

q'ith-TPIRC

nn nnretjpt lince.

in

tlie

Jatter

case. when narallel linl'" Arp r.'o;l"hio '-i-*'r.-"--;d;;;:,;^;i

on

e

of the

}ines

doe-s

n

6i e; ;rr;;-

;i;G;;il

;;

;

;r-

;;

;;;'

";'ipi

frt"f"

;;

v'hen.

the parallei

link

is disconnected.for

repair,'

of HSARC

servicirrg

the

re-

mainirtg

single

lirre).

'nL

(,4PC.9.S)

are

applied

on singlc

tie

_ving

capacity

bypass

links.

if tire use

of

{RCSS

device

seizes

the

convergenccr

of

a1.irg parts

uf the power

sl,sten

or

indi-

cies

lies

ri-ithin

the

specified

value.

The

Lre

breaker when

the

fiequencv

difference

he

reclosure

takes

place

at smal]

ohase

degrees).

The

aRiSS

device

allows

for

rces

up to

4

per

cent

(1

.5-2.0

Hz).

Since

es,

the

ARCSS

operations

cause no

per-

i operation.

Sometimes

the

reduction

of

2erating

parts,

required

for accomplishing

pqwer

s

-vst

em

pa

rt

la

ck i

n

s

sen

era,

i

""

t"ilitlii-I

Jf

ff

1;:

JI'

HfiSt ::,",:J$:

A-fter

tripping

a tie

line

and

dist.urbance

to the

ivnchr"onism

between

the

.o,rro,

of generation.

this

line

is

reclosed

at

one

end

of the

transmission

]ine

when

it

bas

no volta8e.,

and at

the

other end

of the

line

when

a voltage

o""u..

(appears)

in step

witir

the

busbar

voltage.

The

circuit,

of

the

ARC

device

is simiiar

to

that

shown

in

Fig.

8-4,

plus

relays

responding

to

no-vol!"g?

across_the

line

or

the

busbars

or

to

*iruo.u'oi

votta[e

s;'nchronism

on

the

busbar

and

line

(Fig,

B-15).

.,Waitirng

for no-volfqg

is

achieved'by'applying

the

d.c.

negative pole

to t,he

coil

of.relay

fl^R

(Fig.

BZ)

via

the

contatts'df

"ol[age

reiay

(I'1a,lthe

]ine volt-

i:_H#:.onnecred

slowly,

for

instance

by

the

second

or

third

srage

of

the

pro-

Synchronism

seizing

at

the

other

end

of the

line

b1,

means

of

the

ARC

de'ice

is

accomplished

because

the

d.c.

negative-p"r.;;pplied

to

the

time

rerar,?l?

9,"i{.when -the

angle

between

the

vectors

oJ

v'uEu

t'u

r''ti

Lrn

the

line

and

busbai

voltages

does

not.

exceed

the

angle

at

which

the

"synchro;;;

-;il;;;

,+,

relay

clos^es

its

contacts.

If

t[r

line

"oa

u".r".

vo.ltages-_are

in

step,

the

synchronir*-rh;A

fl*-"u'iliteep

its

conracrs

cllsed

and

the;;i;;

/

-t( s'rll

lunction

to

promote

the

reclosure.

If

the

vector-speeds

of ihe

line

and

nlr.n",

itl_

qge-s

are

different,

i.e-,

tbere

is

a

beat

(Fie.

9-19),

the

device

operates

as

follows,-tn.";;Ir.;

Z-R

operates

within

the

zone

between ,";"i" ?

and

2,

as

in

this

zone

the

svnchroni.i";ir;],

relal"

hoids

its

contacts

close'd

(point

-Z

corre*._

ponds

to

the

rela1,

reset

instani

and

the

cio_

sure

of ils

contacts

and

point

2.

to

the

rela5,

pickup

insiant

and

opening

of these

contacts).

,.'-

A,

.control

pulse

to

ciole

rvill

be given

ii

:i:_trme

.the

contacts

are

closerj

i::

grsater

than

or is

equal

to

the

time

relal,

Eetting

tretaU

rn'

Point

J is

determined

b-v

the

,pictap

s€t,t_

where

k.

is

the

reset-to-pickun

If

the

freguency

difflrencd..

6rz:

6pi"rup

(1

+

k,)

ratio

."j

tfr

synchronism

check

relay.

i.€.,

the

beat

frequency

lr:tt-fz

(&10)

(8-{

1)

(8-12)age'

The

time

delay

of time

relay

?^R is greater

thin

the

ti*i

to

clear a

short

-:--.-i+ ^r rL^ - -

the

angie

between

the

emf

vectors

changes

in

I

s

by

6':

3601,

tmn

by

6;,

witi

correspond

to

the

time

,-

oit

3001*

the

end

instanee

of the

ine

furnished

q'ith

first

stage

of

the

rtr.

tL rD

assurrreu

rlrar wrIII

a IrDe

snort

clrcurt

the

ARC

device

is

disconnected

quickiv.

for

distance

protection,

and

from

the

othei'end

by

the

(

d,-1.J)

Barzam A.B. Automation in Electrical Power Systems (Системная автоматика)

Подождите немного. Документ загружается.