Mediterranean region (continued)
social systems, 1:75, 76, 87; 2:258,
266, 314
warfare and conquest, 1:117–118;
2:258–259, 266–267, 317–318
weapons and armor, 1:117; 2:257
Megalithic period, 1:95, 306, 402,
404, 439–440, 445, 450–455,
453
Mesolithic period, 1:124, 144, 145,
150, 159, 170, 196, 278
Middle Ages, 2:347–348, 530–532
Neolithic period, 1:180–182, 249,
439–455
animal husbandry, 1:204, 213–
215, 231–231, 253–258, 274–
276, 336–337, 443; 2:121
aquatic resources, 1:257
artworks, 1:445–446, 458–459
burials, 1:223, 256–257, 274, 338,
408–413, 409, 444–445, 458;
2:121
copper artifacts, 1:69–70
copper industry, 1:315, 459
crops, 1:204–209, 274–276, 336,
337, 443, 459; 2:121
dates for, 1:398
environments, 1:248, 439; 2:121
farming, 1:163, 201, 202, 223,
231–232, 248–257, 439
fauna, 1:229, 337, 443, 459
figurines, 1:223
flora, 1:337
foraging populations, 1:229, 249,
255, 459
health and disease issues, 1:454
herding, 1:215–216
Indo-European language
inscriptions, 1:105
jewelry artifacts, 1:249
landscape use, 1:97, 128–129
monumental structures, 1:459
obsidian artifacts, 1:68–69
political systems, 1:451, 460–462
pottery industry, 1:163, 249, 255–
256, 257, 439, 440–441, 452,
459; 2:121
ritual and ideology, 1:97, 232,
274, 460, 463; 2:121
settlement patterns, 1:35, 252–
253, 275, 335–336, 439, 458
settlement structures, 1:202, 220,
232, 250, 257, 398; 2:121
social systems, 1:337
stone tool industries, 1:249, 274,
275, 441, 452, 459; 2:121
subsistence resources, 1:336–337,
454, 459–460
trade and exchange, 1:69–70, 252,
254, 459–460
warfare and conquest, 1:111, 112,
460, 464–466
watercraft, 1:249
Palaeolithic period, 1:254
Megalithic period. See also
monumental structures; specific
countries; specific sites
architecture, 1:410–411
burials, 1:399–402, 404, 408–415,
423–424, 425–426, 445, 450–
455
dates for, 1:398, 412
enclosure complexes, 1:402–404
gender roles and relationships, 1:402
ritual and ideology, 1:95, 411–412
settlement structures, 1:398, 399
tool industries, 1:404–405
trackways, 1:415–417
trade and exchange, 1:404–405
watercraft, 1:417–418, 418
Meˇlník site, 2:584
Merovingian Franks, 2:396–401, 397.
See also Childeric, tomb of
bog deposits, 2:397
burials, 2:363, 400–401, 515–516,
586, 589
Christianity and, 2:516–518
ironworking, 2:397
political systems, 2:397, 398–399,
399–400, 511
ritual and ideology, 2:401
settlement patterns, 2:514–516
settlement structures, 2:397, 515
social systems, 2:386, 398
textile industry, 2:397
urbanization and, 2:514, 516–518,
517
warfare and conquest, 2:399–400
Merovingian period, 2:586–588,
589–591
Mesguer, José Sánchez, 2:49
Meskell, Lynn, 1:84
Mesolithic period. See also Stone Age;
specific countries; specific cultures
and people; specific sites
animal husbandry, 1:278–280
aquatic resources
Europe, eastern, 1:184, 186
Europe, northern, 1:288, 289, 436
Europe, northwestern, 1:146–147,
273, 274
Europe, upland central and
southern, 1:171, 176, 179–180
Europe, western, 1:159, 162
Iberia, 1:158, 159, 160, 162, 164
artifacts, 1:137, 142
artworks, 1:124, 149, 159, 162,
176–177, 179, 181
basketwork fish traps, 1:145
burials
Europe, central, 1:83, 187, 188,
189, 196
Europe, eastern, 1:124, 190, 196
Europe, northern, 1:124, 138,
140–141, 148–150, 190, 196,
296, 309
Europe, northwestern, 1:148–150
Europe, upland central and
southern, 1:170
Iberia, 1:161–163, 165, 165
Mediterranean region, 1:159, 170
crops, 1:207, 208
diet, 1:124
environments
Europe, eastern, 1:132–133, 183–
184
Europe, northern, 1:52
Europe, northwestern, 1:25, 47–
48, 50, 145–146, 154–155
Iberia, 1:157–158, 160, 162
farming
Europe, central, 1:175, 202
Europe, northern, 1:202
Europe, northwestern, 1:151, 202
Europe, upland central and
southern, 1:177
Iberia, 1:161
fauna, 1:145–146, 153, 164, 171,
176, 179, 278–279
fires, and impacts of use by humans
on environments, 1:154–155
fishing populations, 1:124, 133,
137–138, 138, 177, 186
flora, 1:142, 145–146, 147, 176,
179, 186, 277
foraging populations
Europe, central, 1:133–134, 185
Europe, eastern, 1:184–185, 186–
187, 364
Europe, northern, 1:184, 185,
420–421
Europe, northwestern, 1:123–125,
133–140, 148, 153
Europe, upland central and
southern, 1:167–182
Iberia, 1:159
Mediterranean region, 1:159
gender roles and relationships, 1:83,
194
horses for subsistence, 1:364
landscape use, 1:129, 185–187
midden sites, 1:141, 164, 164–166
pastoralism, 1:362
population statistics, 1:148, 154,
158, 160, 161, 165, 166
INDEX
642
ANCIENT EUROPE