486 Index
Born approximation, 112, 115, 128
Boron analysis, 20, 22, 95, 152, 180, 198, 207,
213, 221, 251, 255, 259, 267, 280, 317,
324, 329–330, 339, 352, 356, 364, 378,
380, 402
Borrmann effect, 119, 347–348
Bragg angle, 117, 119, 165
Bragg’s rule, 134
Bremsstrahlung energy losses, 76, 180–181
Broadening of ELNES, 208
C
Calcium measurement, 342–344, 387–388
Calibration of energy axis, 426
Carbon analysis, 10, 24, 79, 108, 125
, 152,
155, 168, 187, 194, 198, 206, 211, 215,
220, 249, 254, 268, 272, 297, 301–302,
312, 319, 330–333, 338, 342, 345, 350,
352–353, 356, 361, 368, 377–387, 390,
392–393, 396
Castaing–Henry filter, 12
Centrifugal barrier, 198, 200, 207, 214
Cerenkov loss, 412
Channeling of electrons, 108, 118–120, 337,
347, 350
Characteristic angle
for elastic scattering, 114, 175
for inelastic scattering, 65
Characteristic electron dose, 294, 307, 309,
316, 327, 329, 378, 380, 387, 390–391
Charge-coupled (CCD) arrays, 85
Chromatic aberration
effect on elemental ratios, 68
effect on spatial resolution, 64–66, 264,
321, 429
effects on core-loss image, 65–66
point-spread function, 65–66, 316
Chemical shift, 18, 204–206, 215, 270, 280,
293, 349, 356, 361–362, 373, 386
Chromophores, 308, 319
Coincidence measurements, 76–77
Collection angle
choice of, 325, 430
effective, 276, 414, 417, 419
Collision broadening, 40–41
Compton profile,
190, 366–367
Contrast enhancement, 315–318
Contrast tuning, 320–321
Coordination of atoms, 220, 277, 348,
352–353, 355, 364
Core excitons, 212
Core-hole effects, 211–215, 286–290
Critical (cutoff) angle, 125–126, 138–139,
143–146, 244, 275, 298, 339, 417
Cross section
core-loss, 193–197, 399–402
elastic scattering, 109, 114–116, 122, 125,
128, 406
Lenz model, 115, 406–407
plasmon scattering, 143, 417, 420–422
Crystal-field splitting, 216, 353
Curve fitting
for EXELFS data, 277, 365
multiple least squares (MLS), 265, 276,
307, 326, 343
maximum-likelihood, 257
D
Damping of plasmons, 135, 140, 142, 146–148,
417
Deconvolution techniques
Bayesian methods, 241–243, 255–256
effect of collection aperture, 239, 254
for core-loss edges, 249–243
for low-loss region, 240–243
Debye temperature, 120, 365
De-excitation, 3–4, 119, 207
Degeneracy of core levels, 357, 425–426
Delocalization of scattering, 223–229, 308,
312, 319, 337–340, 348, 370
Density of states
conduction-band, 148, 206
joint, 148, 207
optical, 155, 369
Detection limits, 20
, 23–24, 331–332, 335–346
Detective quantum efficiency (DQE)
of parallel-recording detector, 14, 22, 85
of a serial-recording system, 88
Diamond, 7, 117–118, 122, 134–135, 138, 141,
149, 154, 205, 209, 255, 269, 296–297,
301, 332, 369, 378, 381–385, 396
Diamond-like carbon (DLC), 301, 384
Dichroic spectroscopy, 27, 360
Dielectric theory, 130, 135, 156
Difference spectra, 97–98, 269, 334, 372
Diffraction of electrons, 15–16, 19, 26, 119
,
121–122, 130, 244, 328, 378
Diffraction coupling of spectrometer, 64
Diode arrays, 72, 85–94, 98, 107, 365, 368
Dipole
approximation, 210–211, 290, 300
region, 130–131, 139, 141, 188, 193–195,
274, 399, 401, 416–417
selection rule, 200, 203, 207, 210, 283, 375
Direct exposure of diode array, 90