Index 701
Urban wastewater treatment (UWWT)
plants , 263
Urine :
ammonia emissions :
from animal housing systems ,
415
from pastures , 407–8
nutritional effects , 404–7
gaseous nitrogen volatilization :
from animal housing systems ,
414–16
from pastures , 409–14
nutritional effects on nitrogen
excretion , 402–4
Uruguay :
fertilizer application systems ,
116–19
foliar applications , 119
subsurface applications ,
118–19
surface applications , 117–18
fertilizer consumption , 111
plant analysis , 114–15
Valencia, Spain , 563
Volatilization :
ammonia , 22–3 , 395–6 , 399
from animal housing systems ,
415–16 , 418
from flooded rice , 450
from livestock farming systems ,
395–6 , 399 , 405–8
from manures , 419–20 , 421–2
from slurry , 415–16 , 417 , 419–20
from soil , 448–9
from surface residues , 449–50
gaseous nitrogen other than
ammonia :
from animal housing systems ,
415–16 , 418
from manures , 419–20 , 422–5
from pastures , 407–14
from slurry , 415–16 , 417 , 422–5
Vulnerability :
coastal marine ecosystems , 293
groundwater , 180–90 , 195–7
Waquoit Bay , 303–4 , 305 , 306
Washout, ammonia , 345–6
Water Framework Directive (WFD),
EU , 264 , 661
Water quality issues , 8 , 205–6
forest drainage water , 471–3
groundwater , 3 , 34–5
nitrogen impacts , 205–6
surface water , 9–10 , 38–41
role of agriculture , 146–7 , 650–2
watershed basins , 146–7
United states , 203 , 521
See also Coastal marine ecosystems ;
Drinking water contamination ;
Groundwater ; Surface water
Water residence time, coastal marine
ecosystems , 285 , 290–1 , 300 ,
309
Watersheds , 203–33
hydrology
, 204–5
identification , 528
nitrogen sources , 206–10 , 230–2
nitrogen transport in streams ,
212–29
climate and , 213–15
human influences , 220–5
impact on coastal marine
ecosystems , 318
nitrogen forms and , 228–9
physiography and subsurface
hydrology effects , 15–19
stream channels and reservoirs ,
219–20
stream discharge , 212–13
watershed size and , 225–7
water quality , 146–7
Web-based interfaces , 523
Well water , 177–8
See also Groundwater
IDX-P374347.indd 701IDX-P374347.indd 701 5/31/2008 6:48:47 PM5/31/2008 6:48:47 PM