Stiffness factors, 457–458, 488–490, 500–505, 524–525
antisymmetric loading, 502
beam member (K), 488, 500–505
joint, 489
modification, 500–505
moment distribution and, 488–490, 500–505
nonprismatic members, 524–525
pin-supported ends, 458, 500
relative (K
R
), 490
slope-deflection equations, 457–458
span (k), 457–458
symmetric beams, 501–503
symmetric loading, 501, 503
total (K
T
), 489
Stiffness matrices, 540–543, 546–551, 570–571, 577–579, 599
beams, 576–579
frames, 595–596, 599–600
global (member), 546–547, 599
kinematic indeterminacy, 541, 576–577
load-displacement relations and, 542–543, 577–578,
595–596
member (k), 541–543, 546–551, 577–578, 595–596, 599
structure (K), 540, 547–551, 579, 600
symmetric, 578, 581
trusses, 540–543, 546–551
Stiffness method of analysis, 538–573, 574–593, 594–611
applications of, 552–559, 579–591, 600–608
beams, 574–593
coordinate systems, 540, 543–545, 560–563, 576
displacement transformation matrix (T), 544, 597
fabrication errors and, 564–567
force transformation matrix (Q), 545, 564–569, 598
frames, 594–611
global (member) stiffness matrix (k), 546–547, 599
global (structure) coordinates, 540, 576
identification of members and nodes for, 540, 575
kinematic indeterminacy, 541, 576–577
matrix analysis, 539, 565
member (local) coordinates, 540, 576
member stiffness matrix (k), 541–543, 546–551, 577–578,
595–596, 599
nodal coordinates, 560–563
nodes, 540, 575
procedures for analysis using, 553, 581, 600–601
space trusses, 570–571
stiffness matrices, 540, 542–543, 546–559, 570–571,
576–579, 595–596, 599–600
structure stiffness equation, 552
structure stiffness matrix (K), 540, 547–551, 579, 600
symmetric (member) stiffness matrix, 578, 599
thermal (temperature) effects and, 564–565, 568–569
transformation matrices for, 543–545, 570, 597–598
trusses, 538–573
Strain energy (U
i
), 341, 344–345, 355–356, 375–380, 392
axial force (N) of, 344, 375
bending moment (M) from, 344
Castigliano’s theorem for, 365–366, 393
circular members, 376
deflection and, 341, 344, 375–380, 392
principle of work and energy using, 345
shear (V) and, 375
temperature (T) changes and, 376–377
torsion (T) and, 375
virtual work and, 375–380
Stresses, joint members and, 84
Stringers, bridge loads and, 82
Structural members, see Beams; Nonprismatic members
Structure stiffness equation, 552
Structure stiffness matrix (K), 540, 547–551, 579, 600
Structures, 2–31, 32–77, 79–131, 132–179, 180–203,
204–261, 262–297, 394–449, 450–485, 486–521,
522–537, 538–573, 574–593, 594–611, 625–627
allowable-stress design (ASD), 26
analysis of, 3–4, 79–131, 132–179, 180–203
approximate methods of analysis, 262–297
arches, 7, 31, 194–203
beams, 4–5, 31, 38–39, 132–179
building codes (general), 9
cables, 7, 31, 181–193, 203
classification of, 4–8
columns, 6, 31
compatibility equations for, 48
composite, 425–427
design of, 9, 26
determinacy of, 48–54, 69
displacement method of analysis, 397, 450–485,
486–521, 522–537
elements for, 4–6
equilibrium, equations of, 47–51, 59–67, 69
force method of analysis, 394–449
frames, 8, 31
free-body diagrams for, 47–51, 59–60
girders, 4–5, 38
idealized, 33–45, 68
692 INDEX