Italian Demystified. A self-Teaching Guide
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Maria darà quella borsa a sua Mary will give her sister that purse.
sorella.
Maria gliela darà. Mary will give it to her.
Ho dato i libri a mio fratello ieri. I gave the books to my brother
yesterday.
Glieli ho dati ieri. I gave them to him yesterday.
Ho dato le mie chiavi a Maria I gave my keys to Mary this morning.
stamani.
Io gliele ho date stamani. I gave them to her this morning.
Refl exive pronouns also make a change to me, te, se, ce, ve, and se before direct
object pronouns.
Marco si mette sempre la giacca. Marco always puts on a jacket.
Marco se la mette sempre. Marco always puts it on.
In compound tenses, agreement is between the past participle and the object pro-
noun, not the subject.
Agreement with the Subject
Marco sièmesso la giacca ieri. Marco put on his jacket yesterday.
Agreement with the Object Pronoun
Marco se la è messa ieri. Marco put it on yesterday.
Oral Practice
Practice saying the following sentences out loud.
Gina, mi compreresti il giornale? Gina, could you buy me the newspaper?
Sì, te lo comprerò volentieri. Yes, I will gladly buy it for you.
Paolo, ci hai dato i tuoi libri? Paul, did you give your books to us?
Sì, ve li ho dati. Yes, I gave them to you.
Signora, ha dato la chiave a suo Madam, did you give the key to your
marito? husband?
Sì, gliel’ho data ieri. Yes, I gave it to him yesterday.
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Signor Dini, ha comprato le scarpe Mr. Dini, did you buy the shoes for your
a sua fi glia? daughter?
No, non gliele ho ancora comprate. No, I have not bought them for her yet.
Maria, hai ancora comprato il Mary, have you bought the laptop for
portatile a tua sorella? your sister yet?
Sì, gliel’ho comprato ieri. Yes, I bought it for her yesterday.
Marco, hai dato i tuoi libri agli Mark, did you give your books to the
altri studenti? other students?
Si, glieli ho già dati. Yes, I already gave them to them.
Maria, ti sei messa quelle scarpe, Mary, you put on those shoes, didn’t you?
vero?
Sì, me le sono messe. Yes, I put them on.
Written Practice 1
Replace the words in bold print with the appropriate double pronouns.
1. Giovanni, mi hai detto la verità? John, did you tell me the truth?
Sì, ho detta. Yes, I told it to you.
2. Maria, hai dato il tuo indirizzo a Paolo? Mary, did you give your address
to Paul?
Sì, ho dato ieri. Yes, I gave it to him yesterday.
3. Marco, hai comprato il computer a Maria? Mark, did you buy the
computer for Mary?
Sì, ho comprato ieri. Yes, I bought it for her yesterday.
4. Signora, ha dato i libri a suo fi glio? Madam, did you give the books to
your son?
Sì, ho dati ieri. Yes, I gave them to him yesterday.
5. Gina, hai comprato la rivista a Maria? Gina, did you buy Mary the
magazine?
Sì, ho comprata stamani. Yes, I bought it for her this
morning.
6. Dino, hai comprato le riviste ai tuoi amici? Dino, did you buy the
magazines for your friends?
Sì, ho comprate poco fa. Yes, I bought them for them a
little while ago.
7. Giovanni, ti ho dato la penna? John, did I give you the pen?
Sì, hai data ieri. Yes, you gave it to me yesterday.
8. Ragazzi, vi ho dato i biglietti? Guys, did I give you the tickets?
Sì, hai dati. Yes, you gave them to us.
9. Signora, ci ha dato le chiavi? Madam, did you give us the keys?
Sì, ho già date. Yes, I already gave them to you.
10. Maria, ti sei messa gli stivali? Mary, did you wear boots?
Sì, sono messi. Yes, I wore them.
Attached Object Pronouns
Object pronouns are sometimes attached to verb forms. In this case, the double pro-
nouns are always written as one word. The following shows how this is done, using
the word ecco (this is an important and commonly used construction):
Ecco la matita. Here is the pencil.
Eccola. Here it is.
Ecco Marco e Maria. Here are Mark and Mary.
Eccoli. Here they are.
Ecco i libri per te. Here are the books for you.
Eccoteli. Here they are for you.
With the modal verbs (potere, dovere, and volere) you can either attach the
object pronouns to the infi nitive of the verb showing the action, or put them before
the modal verb. Note that when you attach pronouns to the infi nitive, you must drop
the fi nal -e of the infi nitive.
Non posso mangiare la carne. I cannot eat meat.
Non la posso mangiare. I cannot eat it.
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Or:
Non posso mangiarla. I cannot eat it.
Tu devi dare il libro per Natale You must give Mary the book for
a Maria. Christmas.
Tu glielo devi dare per Natale. You must give it to her for Christmas.
Or:
Tu devi darglielo per Natale. You must give it to her for Christmas.
Lui mi vuole dare la macchina. He wants to give me his car.
Lui me la vuole dare. He wants to give it to me.
Or:
Lui vuole darmela. He wants to give it to me.
The object pronouns are also attached to the familiar forms of the imperative.
They are not attached to the polite Lei and Loro forms.
Familiar
Marco, mangia la mela! Mark, eat the apple.
Marco, mangiala! Mark, eat it!
Maria, scrivi l’e-mail a tuo fratello! Mary, write your brother the e-mail.
Maria, scrivigliela! Mary, write it to him!
Marco e Maria, date la vostra Mark and Mary, give your pen to me.
penna a me!
Marco e Maria, datemela! Mark and Maria, give it to me!
Polite
Signor Verdi, mangi la mela! Mr. Verdi, eat the apple.
Signor Verdi, la mangi! Mr. Verdi, eat it!
Signora Rossi, scriva l’e-mail a Mrs. Rossi, write your brother the e-mail.
Suo fratello!
Signora Rossi, gliela scriva! Mrs. Rossi, write it to him!
Signor Verdi e signora Rossi, diano Mr. Verdi and Mrs. Rossi, give your
la Loro penna a me! pen to me.
Signor Verdi e signor Rossi, me Mr. Verdi and Mrs. Rossi, give it to me!
la diano!
When attaching pronouns to familiar forms of the imperative that end with an
apostrophe (da’, di’, fa’, sta’ and va’), you must double the fi rst letter (sound) of the
pronoun.
Dammi la penna! Give me the pen!
Dilla! Tell it!
Fallo! Do it!
There is, of course, no double gl.
Digli la verità! Tell him the truth!
Faglielo! Do it for him!
Oral Practice
Practice saying the following sentences out loud.
Dov’è la rivista? Where is the magazine?
Eccola. Here it is.
Dove sono i tuoi amici? Where are your friends?
Eccoli. Here they are.
Dove sono i libri per me? Where are the books for me?
Eccoteli. Here they are for you.
Puoi bere il caffè? Can you drink coffee?
Sì, lo posso bere./Sì, posso berlo. Yes, I can drink it.
Devi fare la spesa oggi? Do you have to do food shopping today?
Sì, la devo fare./Sì, devo farla. Yes, I have to do it.
Vuoi mangiare le patate? Do you want to eat potatoes?
Sì, le voglio mangiare./Sì, voglio Yes, I want to eat them.
mangiarle.
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Marco, mangia la carne! Mark, eat the meat!
Marco, mangiala! Mark, eat it!
Maria, scrivi l’e-mail a tua sorella! Mary, write your sister the e-mail!
Maria, scrivigliela! Mary, write it to him!
Signor Verdi, mangi la carne! Mr. Verdi, eat the meat!
Signor Verdi, la mangi! Mr. Verdi, eat it!
Maria, dammi la penna! Mary, give me the pen!
Maria, dammela! Mary, give it to me!
Maria, digli la verità! Mary, tell him the truth!
Maria, digliela! Mary, tell it to him!
Written Practice 2
Using the English translations as a guide, translate the following responses with the
appropriate pronouns.
1. Dov`è il mio portatile? Where is my laptop?
. Here it is.
2. Dove sono le mie scarpe? Where are my shoes?
. Here they are.
3. Dove sono le riviste per me? Where are the magazines for me?
. Here they are for you.
4. Puoi mangiare i ravioli? Can you eat the ravioli?
. Yes, I can eat them.
5. Devi studiare la nuova lezione? Do you have to study the new lesson?
. Yes, I have to study it.
6. Vuoi comprare gli stivali nuovi? Do you want to buy new boots?
. Yes, I want to buy them.
7. Maria, comprami quella rivista! Mary, buy me that magazine.
! Mary, buy it for me!
8. Mario, dammi il tuo indirizzo! Mario, give me your address.
! Mario, give it to me!
Stressed Pronouns
There is another type of object pronoun that goes after the verb. It is known as a
stressed or tonic pronoun.
Before After
Direct
mi me me me
ti you (familiar) te you (familiar)
La you (polite) Lei you (polite)
lo him lui him
la her lei her
ci us noi us
vi you (familiar plural) voi you (familiar plural)
li them (masculine) loro them
le them (feminine) loro them
Indirect
mi to me a me to me
ti to you (familiar) a te to you (familiar)
Le to you (polite) a Lei to you (polite)
gli to him a lui to him
le to her a lei to her
ci to us a noi to us
vi to you (familiar plural) a voi to you (familiar plural)
gli to them (masculine) a loro to them
gli to them (feminine) a loro to them
For most purposes, the two types can be used interchangeably. However, the stressed
forms are more appropriate when emphasis is required or in order to avoid
ambiguity.
Marco lo darà a me, non a te! Mark will give it to me, not to you!
Ieri ho scritto a te, e solo a te! Yesterday I wrote to you, and only you!
Also, these are the only object pronouns that can be used after a preposition.
Maria viene con noi. Mary is coming with us.
Il professore parla di te. The professor is speaking of you.
L’ha fatto per me. He did it for me.
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Oral Practice
Practice saying the following sentences out loud.
È vero che Marco ti inviterà? Is it true that Mark will invite you?
Sì, inviterà anche me! Yes, he will invite me as well!
Verrai con noi alla festa? Will you come with us to the party?
No, non verrò con voi; andrò No, I will not come with you; I will go
con loro. with them.
A chi darai il tuo portatile? To whom will you give your laptop?
Lo darò a lui o forse a lei, ma I will give it to him or maybe to her,
non a te. but not to you.
Ci hai dato il tuo indirizzo? Did you give us your address?
No, non l’ho dato a voi; l’ho dato No, I did not give it to you; I gave it to
a loro. them.
Vi ho dato il mio indirizzo? Did I give you my address?
No, non lo hai dato a noi; lo hai No, you did not give it to us; you gave it
dato a loro. to them.
Written Practice 3
Fill in the blanks with stressed pronouns as indicated.
1. Mi hai chiamato ieri? Did you call me yesterday?
No, non ho chiamato ; ho chiamato . No, I did not call you;
I called him.
2. Ti ho invitato alla festa? Did I invite you to the party?
No, non hai invitato ; hai invitato . No, you did not invite
me; you invited her.
3. Ci hai chiamato ieri? Did you call us yesterday?
No, non ho chiamato ; ho chiamato . No, I did not call you;
I called them.
4. A chi hai dato il tuo indirizzo? To whom did you give your address?
L’ho dato a due e a . I gave it to you two and to them.
Still More About the Verb Piacere
The verb piacere, as you know, is used for expressing likes and dislikes. But it is a
tricky verb because it really means to be pleasing to.
Mi piace la pizza. I like pizza. To me is pleasing the pizza.
Non gli è piaciuta la pizza. He did not like the pizza. To him was not
pleasing the pizza.
Because this verb can be diffi cult, let’s look a little more closely at its conjugations.
The verb piacere is regular in all the tenses, except the following two.
Present Indicative
(io) piaccio, (tu) piaci, (lui/lei/Lei) piace, (noi) piacciamo, (voi) piacete, (loro/Loro)
piacciono
Past Absolute
(io) piacqui, (tu) piacesti, (lui/lei/Lei) piacque, (noi) piacemmo, (voi) piaceste, (loro/Loro)
piacquero
Piacere is conjugated with the auxiliary essere in compound tenses.
Non mi è piaciuta la pasta. I did not like the pasta.
Non gli sono piaciuti gli spaghetti. He did not like the spaghetti.
When saying that you or someone else likes something, translate the English
expression in your mind as to be pleasing to and then follow the word order in the
formula below:
Expression Translate to Italian Expression
I like that book. To me is pleasing that book. Mi piace quel libro.
We like those books. To us are pleasing those Ci piacciono quei libri.
books.
She likes her brothers. To her are pleasing her Le piacciono i suoi
brothers. fratelli.
The brothers like her. She is pleasing to her Lei piace ai suoi
brothers. fratelli.
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If you think this way, you will have an easier time using piacere. Notice that the
subject is sometimes put at the end of the sentence (although this is not
necessary).
Mary likes John. To Mary is pleasing John. A Maria piace Giovanni.
Or:
John is pleasing to Mary. Giovanni piace a Maria.
As mentioned, in compound tenses, piacere is conjugated with essere. This
means, of course, that the past participle agrees with the subject.
I did not like her. Not to me was pleasing she. (Lei) non mi è piaciuta.
She did not like us. Not to her were pleasing we. (Noi) non le siamo piaciuti.
In some sentences with piacere, you can use the object pronouns that come after
the verb for reasons of emphasis or clarity.
La musica piace a me, non a te! I like the music, not you! ( The music
is pleasing to me, not to you!)
Oral Practice
Practice saying the following sentences out loud.
Marco, ti piace la minestra? Mark, do you like the soup?
(Mark, is the soup pleasing to you?)
Sì, mi piace. Yes, I like it.
(Yes, it is pleasing to me.)
Signora, quale Le piacerà? Madam, which one will you like (want)?
(Madam, which one will be pleasing to you?)
Mi piacerà questa. I will like this one.
(This one will be pleasing to me.)
Maria, ti piaccio? Mary, do you like me?
(Mary, am I pleasing to you?)