Курбатов Ю.Л., Шелудченко В.И., Кравцов В.В. Механика жидкости и газа: Учебное пособие

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140 3,61

1,966 2734,1

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2,315 2,791 6,130

13,54 6,89

1,12

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4,76 2,547 2746,7

2114,3 2,395 2,884

4,728 13,93

5,47 1,16

160

6,18 3,258

2758,0 2082,6 2,479

3,012 3,722

14,32 4,39

1,18

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2049,5 2,583

3,128 2,939

14,72 3,57

1,21

180

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3,268 2,339

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1,25

190

12,55 6,397

2786,4 1978,8 2,856

3,419 1,872

15,60

2,44 1,30

200

15,55

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2793,1

1940,7 3,023

3,547

1,492 15,99

2,Q3

1,36

210

19,08

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2798,2

1900,5 3,199

3,722

1,214 16,38

1,71

1,41

220

23,20

11,62 2801,5

1857,8 3,408 3,896

0,983

16,87 1,45

1,47

230

27,98 13,99

2803,2

1813,0

3,634 4,094

0,806

17,36

1,24 1,54

240

33,48 16,76 2803,0

1766 3,881

4,290 0,658

17,75 1,06

1,61

250

39,78 19,98 2801

1716

4,157 4,515

0,544

18,24

0,913

1,68

260

46,94 23,72 2796

1661

4,467 4,800

0,453

18,83

0,794

1,75

270 55,05

28,09 2709 1604

4,815 5,115

0,378

19,32 0,688

1,82

280

64,19

33,19

2780 1543

5,234

5,490 0,317

19,91

0,600

1,90

290

74,45 39,15 2766

1476 5,694

5,830 0,261

20,59 0,526

2,01

300

85,92

46,21 2749

1404

6,280 6,270

0,216

21,28

0,461

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310

98,70

54,58 2727

1325 7,118

6,840 0,176

21,97 0,403

2,29

320

112,90

64,72 2700 1238

8,206

7,510 0,141

22,85 0,353

2,50

330

128,65 77,10 2666

1140 9,881

8,260 0,108

23,93 0,310

2,86

340

146,08

92,76 2622 1027

12,35 9,300

0,0811 25,20

0,272

3,35

350

165,37

113,6

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10,700

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26,58

0,234 4,03

350

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23,03

12,790 0,0386

29,13 0,202

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210,53

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438,4 56,52

17,100 0,0150

33,73 0,166

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0,69

200

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32,80

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60,38 0,64

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0,63

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0,62

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0,363

1,239 8,27

183,8

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1,264 9,15

219,7 43,4

131,8

0,60

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0,301 1,290

10,0 258,0

45,9 152,5

0,59

1000

0,275

1,306 10,90

303,4

48,4 174,3

0,58

1100

0,257

1,323

11,75

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TenJIOTOH

cropaHHjJ

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=10

M.l1.)I(/M

3

,

pacxo,n

ra3a

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M

3

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pacxo,n B03,nyxa V 00=2,6 M

3

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pacxo,n npo,nyKToB cropaHlljJ

V

110=3,35

M3/c. TeMnepaTypa ra3a nepe,n

rOpeJIKOH

t

r

=20

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B03,nyxa -

300°C,

npo,nyKToB cropaHHjJ B HaH60JIhllIeM

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-

1200

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Ha

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H3

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800°C.

no

CnpaBOqHHKY Haxo,nHM:

-

KHHeMaTHqeCKajJ

BjJ3KOCTh:

B03,nyxa

npH

t =

20°C

- 15.10-

6

M

2

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80°C

-

20.10-

6

M

2

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300°C

-

48.10-

6

M

2

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ra3a npH

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6

M2/c

,

npo)J.YKTOB

cropaHHjJ

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800°C

- 130.10-

6

M

2

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1200

°C_

220.10-

6

M2/c.

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ra3a

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max

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1 ,5M

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B

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no

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no,naeTCjJ

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no

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-

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0pHeHTHpOBOqHajJ TeMnepaTypa B03)J.yxa

Ha

BhIxo,ne

H3

Mo,neJIH:

t'=

80·0,8

+

20·2,6

=

3460C.

335

'

,

KHHeTHqeCKajJ

BSI3KOCTh

B03)J.yxa npH

3TOH

TeMnepaType

v'=

17·1O-

6

M

2

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MHHHMaJIhHOe

qHCJIO

PeHHOJIh,nca

B 06pa3Qe HMeeT

MeCTO

B

MaKCHMaJIhHOM

CeqeHHH.

CKOPOCTh

B

3TOM

CeqeHHH:

192

w =

Von

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t+273

=

3,35.

273+1200

=4,4M/c.

f

max

273

4,1

273

lJMCJlO

PeHHOJlb~ca:

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wd

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4,4·2,2

=

44000

> 10000,

V

220.10-

6

3HaLJMT,

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BO

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Re

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11

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1

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M = v' = 17 ·10-{i = 0 13.

u v 130

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6

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1 :5=0,2.

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npM

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°C

onpe~eJIgeM

no

(17):

, 3

V =Vl\oMRc·Mv·M, =

3,35·0,25·0,13·0,2=0,022

M

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273

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o

273+t'g

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193

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1

2

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2

.

CooTHollIeHHe

CeqeHHH

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~=~

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f=

V

W

TO:

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= Vro(t

r

+ 273) W 2 =

f2

WI

V8o(t,.+273)

0,8(20 + 273) 40 = 0

105

.

60 2,6(300+ 273) ,

3HaqeHHC

nO,D;KOpCHHoro

BbTpa:>KCHHSI

B

<llOpMyJIC

(IT 6.1):

A=-.!L.

t'I+273.

f'l

=

55,2.

80+273

.0105=0052

12

t'2 +273

f'2

134,1

20 +

273'

,

Pacxo,D;

MO,D;CJIHPYIOIQCro

arCHTa

no

nyTH

ra3a:

V

Io

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3

/c=13,1

M

3

/Q

, 0,052 + 1

H no

nyTH

B03,D;yxa:

V

2

,O

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3

/C=57,2 M

3

/Q

TCMncpaTypa

B03,D;yxa

Ha

BbIXO,D;C

H3

MO,D;eJIH:

t'=

13,1·

80 +

57,2·20

= 3120C

13,1

+ 57,2 '

-

HC3HaQHTCJIbHO

OTJIHQaCTCSI

OT

paHcc

rrpHHSlToro

(34,6),

rr03ToMY

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194

npMllO>KeHMe

7

PeWeHl'Ie HeKoTopblX 3aAa4.

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o

I.

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B

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,lJ,.<D.Y.

Pa3McphI

KaHaJIa

1,5x1.2

M;

paCXOll npOllYKTOB

cropaHml

Vo=30000

M

3

/Q;

TeMnepaTypa

n.c.

t=250

°C.

PcrneHHe.

CKOPOCTb

n.c.

npH H..Y.:

Vo

wO=T'

30000

(0

7.1)

Wo

=

=4,63M/C.

3600·

(l,5xl,2)

CKOPOCTh

n.c.

"PH

,lJ,..Y.:

273+t

r

101300

W = W o· 273 . B + P

(ll

7.2)

TaK

KaK

llaBJleHHC

".C.

He

3allaHo, npHHHMaeM

3HaQCHHC

BTOPOH

llPofiH paBHoe

ellHHHlJ,C.

Torlla:

Wo

=4.63·

273+250

=8,87M/c.

273

3allaQa

N

o

2.

,lJ,ml

YCJlOBHH

3.1

paCCQHTaTb

nJlOTHOCTb,

PCHHOJlbllCa

H llHHaMH'leCKOe llaBJleHHc. CocTaB n.c.:

CO

2

=9%,

H

2

0=16%,

O

2

=3%,

N

2

=72%,

I,=100%.

PcrnCHHC.

OJlOTHOCTb

n.c. npH H.<D.Y.:

~M·

·r·

P

_

£...

1 1

ro-

224

,

QHCJlO

(n

7.3)

rlle

Mi

H

rj

-

MOJlCKYJljfpHaH

Macca H

06'bCMHaH

llOJljf

i-Toro

KOMnOHeHTa.

=

44.9+18.16+32.3+28.72

=1

25Krj

Pro 22.4 .100 . j

M3

npH

,lJ,..Y.:

195

273

B+

P

Pr

=Po·

273+t

·101300'

= 1.25. 273 = 0.65

Kr/

Pr

273+250

/

M3

qHCllO

PCHHOllb,ll,Ca:

R

w·dr

c=--

fH,ll,panllHqeCKHH

,ll,HaMeTp:

d

r

= 4F

It

v

d =

4·

(1.2

·l.5)

=

1.33M.

r 2 . (1.2 + 1.5)

(n

7.4)

(n

7.5)

(n

7.6)

KHHCMaTHqeCKaSl

BSl3KOCTb

CMeCH

ra30B

OnpC,ll,ellSlCTCSl

no

cpopMync

MaHa:

1

V

CM

=--

LB...'

(n

7.7)

vi

r,ll,e

Vi

-

KHHeMaTHqeCKasr

BSl3KOCTb

i-Toro

KOMnOHeHTa

_

100.10-

6

-361.10-

6M21

v

eM

- 9

18

3 72

-.

Ie

--+--+--+--

23.2

37.5

28.4

40.1

(Vi

,ll,JUI

COCTaBHbIX

n.c.

,ll,llSl

250

DC

Onpe,ll,ellCHbI

no

CnpaBOqHHKY),

Rc

= 8.87 ·1.33 = 326800.

36.1.10-

6

.ll:HHaMHqeCKOC

,ll,aBllCHHe:

w

2

0

.

Po

273

+ t 101300

PIlHH

= 2 .

273

. B + P ,

(IT 7.8)

2

= 4.63

·1.25.

273 + 250

.1

= 25.7ITa

P.nHH

2 273

3a,ll,aqa

No3.

Onpe,ll,enHTb

CTaTHqeCKOe

,ll,aBneHHe

B

KOHl-\C

npsrMoro

yqaCTKa

roPH30HTarIbHOro

Tpy60npOBO,ll,a

f =50 M H

dSHYTp=400

MM,

no

KOTOPOMY

nO,ll,aCTC}I

B03,ll,YX

V=

1 0000M

3

/q

npH

t=30

DC.

HaqarIbHOC

,ll,aBnCHlfe

PCTI=500

MM.

B.

CT.

196

PelIIeHue.

YpaBHeHue,ll,.

nepHyJIJIU:

PCTl+PilHH1

=PCT2+PilHII2+~PTP

+~PMC

+~Pr

.

(11

7.9)

Ha

np}lMOM

ropu30HTaJIbHOM

yqaCTKe

OTCYTCTBYlOT

nOTepu

B

MeCTHhIX

conpOTUBJIeHURX

U

Tu.n:pOCTaTUqeCKue:

~PMC

=0,

~Pr=O.

tJ.uHaMUqeeKOe

.n:aBJIeHUe

paeeqUTbIBaeTCSI

no

1P0pMyJIe

(11

7.8).

0603HaQUM

B

(11

7.8)

BTOpylO

.n:p06b

- "kt",

TPeTblO

- "kp".

queJIeHHble

3HaqeHUSI

k

t

B 1 U 2

eeqeHUU

o.n:UHaKOBbI.

I1puHuMaeM

TaKJKe

k

p1

:::::k

p2

,

qTO

B03MOJKHO,

TaK

KaK

TaKoe

)J.onYUJ,eHue

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olIIu6KY

He

60JIee

1 %

(JKeJIalOUJ,ue

MoryT npoBepuTb

:no

YTBepJK)J.eHue),

nOJIyqUM:

U

110Tepu

Ha

TPeHue:

2

Ap

='A.i. W 0

·PO.

k

.k

Tp

d 2 t p

CKOPOCTb

npu

H..Y.:

CKOPOCTb

npu

,ll,..Y.:

W

----

o - k

t

.k

p

,

v

W=-

F'

W = 10000 =

22,1

M/

.

1t

/c

3600

·_·042

4 '

(11

7.9)

(117.10)

I1puMeM

6apOMeTpUqeCKOe

)J.aBJIeHUC

B=740

MM.pT.CT.,

Tor.n:a:

22,1 = 22,1 = 20 3

M

/

Wo

=

273+30

101300

1,10.0,98'

Ic

.

273 740· t

33

+

500·9,8

I1puHuMa}l

K03lPlPullUeHT

TpeHU}I

1.,=0.02,

nOJIyqUM:

50 20,3

2

·1,293

dPTP

=

0,02-·

·1,10·0,98 =

71811a

=

73.3MM.B.CT.

0.4 2

197

,l1,aBJIeHHe

B

KOHIJ,e

yqaCTKa:

PCTI=PCTI

- dpTJl=500-73,3=426,7 rr.B.cT.=4182

Ila

,l1,ml

YTOqHeHHH

paCqeTa

MQ)KHO

npOBeCTH

paCqeT

BO

BTOPOM

npH6JImKeHHH,

npHHHB

npH

BblqHCJIeHHH

kp

Cpe~Hee

~aBJIeHHe:

P

=

PCTI

+

PCT2

cp 2

3a~aqa

No4.

PaCCqHTaTb

pacxo~

npo~yKToB

cropaHHH

(~bIMOBbIX

ra30B) B ropH30HTaJIbHOM 6eToHHoM

ra30xo~e

~HaMeTpoM

d=

1 M H

~JIHHHOro

npHMoro yqacTKa f

=20

M.,

eCJIH

Pa3HOCTb

CTaTHqeCKOrO

~aBJIeHHH

Ha

KOHIJ,aX

3Toro

yqaCTKa

COCTaBJIHeT

15

MM.B.CT.,

a

cpe~Hee

pa3pH)I(eHHe

B

~blMoxo~e

500

na.

TeMnepaTypa

ra30B

220°C.

PelIleHHe.

Pacxo~

~bIMOBbIX

ra30B npH

H..Y.:

Vo=wo·f,

a

CKOPOCTb

Wo

HaXO~HM

H3

ypaBHeHHH

EepHYJIJIH:

2 2

Wo

·Po

Wo

·Po

PI + 2

·k

tI

·k

pI

=P2

+ 2

·k

t2

·k

p2

+

R

wo

2

·po

+1..._.

·k ·k

t

+~P

+~p.

d 2 p

MC

r

(n

7.11)

no

aHaJIOrHH

C

3a~aqeH

N!d npHHHMaeM:

dPMC

= 0,

dPr=

0,

ktl

==

k

t2

,

kp\

==

k

p2

.

Tor~a:

A.~.

PO·

k

·k

d 2 t P

(n

7.12)

npHHHMaeM

~JISI

6eToHHbiX

KaHaJIOB

A.

= 0,04;

npMHMMaeM

TaK)I(e

B=750MM.pT.CT.;

Po

= 1,27 Kr/M3. 3HaqeHHe

CKOPOCTH

ra30B

npI1

H..Y.:

Wo=

1

____

~~~~=_15~.~9~,8----~~~---=125;{

004.20.1,27.273+220.

101300

'C.

, 1 2 273

750·133+(-500)

Pacxo~

~bIMOBbIX

ra30B:

198

Wo= 12,5·

~.

1

2

=9,83M/c=35409M

3

jq

3a,uaqa

N

o

5.

KaK

H3MeHlITCn

conpoTHBneHHe

npnMOro

yqaCTKa

.l1.bIMOXO.l1.a

(3a.l1.aqa

N!!4),

ecnH

ero

.l1.HaMeTp

YBenHQHTb

Ha

20%? .

YMeHbllIUTb

Ha

20%? (npoque ycnoBu5I

O)1.uHaKoBbI).

PellIeHue.

B

<l>0pMyne

nOTepb

Ha

TpeHue:

f w

2

.p

~PTP

=A"d·-2-

Bblpa3HB

CKOPOCTb

W

Qepe3

pacxo.l1.

H

.l1.HaMeTp

KaHana:

V V

W=-=---

F

1t.

d2

'

4

nonY'IHM:

(IT 7.13)

(IT 7.14)

CnC.l1.0BaTeJIbHO

npH

pa3BHTOM

TYp6YJIeHTHOM

.l1.BH)KeHHH

(A=const)

nOTepH

Ha

TpeHHe

o6paTHo

nponOPQHOHanbHbI

d

5

:

1

~pTp2

-

d5.

(IT 7.16)

3HaqUT

.l1.nn

.l1.Byx

.l1.UaMeTpOB

d

1

U d

2

:

~PIP2

=(~)5,

(IT

7.17)

~PIPI

d

2

(IT 7.18)

IT03TOMY,

npH

YBenHQeHHH

.l1.UaMeTpa

Ha

20%

nOTcpH

Ha

TpeHHe

COCTaBJIRIOT:

~PTP

=

15

.(~J5

= 15·0,402 =

6,03MM.B.CT.

1 + 100

199

Курбатов Ю.Л., Шелудченко В.И., Кравцов В.В. Механика жидкости и газа: Учебное пособие

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