686 Index
Enzyme therapy, hyperoxaluria management, 113
Ephedrine stones
diagnosis, 353
treatment, 353, 354
Epidemiology, stone disease
age, sex, and race differences, 28, 29
incidence, 28
lifetime prevalence, 28, 35
pediatric stone disease, 31
pregnancy, 31, 32
prevalence, 28
recurrence following shockwave lithotripsy, 32,
33
risk factors
climate and geography, 29, 30
diet, 30
family history, 30, 31
hypertension, 31
spinal cord injury, 32
stone types, 27, 28
Epitaxy, stone formation, 61, 62
Equilibrium constant, 56
Eutectic mixture of local anesthesia (EMLA),
shockwave lithotripsy anesthesia,
496, 497
Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, see
Shockwave lithotripsy
Fast and load test, interpretation, 266
Fat, diet and urinary stone risks, 288, 289
Fluids
ureteral calculi management, 461
urinary stone prevention, 286, 287
Foreign bodies, see Encrusted foreign bodies
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)
standards, 72
stone analysis, 74, 76–80
Free energy, 57
FTIR, see Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
GAGs, see Glycosaminoglycans
Glucocorticoids
ureteral calculi management, 459, 460
urinary stone risks, 232
Glyceryl trinitrate (GTN), ureteral calculi
management, 460
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)
crystallization inhibition
urine, 190, 191
whole undiluted urine, 189, 190
excretion, 188, 189
matrix, 180, 189
therapy, 191, 192
vitamin A effects, 192
Glyoxylate reductase (GRHPR), mutations, 42, 43
Gout, uric acid stone risks, 302
GRHPR, see Glyoxylate reductase
GTN, see Glyceryl trinitrate
Guanifenesin stones, features and treatment,
354
Hepatitis B, infection prevention, 408, 409
Hepatitis C, infection prevention, 409, 410
Hippocratic oath, urinary stone management, 10
Hirschowitz, Basil, 19
History, see Medical history
HIV, see Human immunodeficiency virus
Horseshoe kidney, stone association and
management, 379, 445, 446
HPRT, see Hypoxanthine guanine
phosphoribosyltransferase
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
ammonium acid urate stone association, 350
infection prevention, 410, 411
protease inhibitor therapy, see Indinavir stones;
Nelfinavir stones
Hydroxyapatite, see Apatite
Hydroxyurea, struvite stone management, 316,
317
Hypercalcemia
clinical features, 223, 224
hyperparathyroidism, see Parathyroid hormone
hypervitaminosis D, see Vitamin D
sarcoidosis, 248
Hypercalciuria
absorptive hypercalciuria
genetics, 36–38
pathophysiology, 270
classification, 36
differential diagnosis, 272
management
orthophosphate, 274, 275
sodium cellulose phosphate, 272–274
thiazide diuretics, 273, 274
renal hypercalciuria pathophysiology, 270, 271
resorptive hypercalciuria pathophysiology, 271,
272
Hyperoxaluria
definition, 107
dietary hyperoxaluria
management, 277
pathophysiology, 276
dietary oxalate and urinary stone risks, 290
enteric hyperoxaluria
etiology, 107, 108
pathophysiology, 277
treatment, 108, 109, 277, 278
idiopathic hyperoxaluria, 112