Index 691
pain, 427
urinary decompression, 427–429
urinary extravasation, 426, 427
Renal cysts, stone management, 444, 445
Renal transplantation, see Transplanted kidney
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA)
diagnosis, 137, 138
distal renal tubular acidosis
causes, 144–147
clinical presentation, 147
hypocitraturic calcium phosphate
nephrolithiasis pathophysiology, 279
laboratory findings and testing, 147, 148
treatment, 148, 149
genetics, 39, 40
incomplete renal tubular acidosis, 149, 150
proximal renal tubular acidosis
causes, 138, 140
clinical presentation, 140, 141
laboratory findings and testing, 141, 142
treatment, 142
rate-dependent renal tubular acidosis, 149
type 4 renal tubular acidosis
causes, 151
clinical presentation, 152
laboratory findings and testing, 152
treatment, 152
Retrograde pyelography, stone imaging, 395, 396
Rimatil, cystine stone management, 340
Risk factors, see Epidemiology, stone disease
Rowatinex, ureteral calculi management, 461
RTA, see Renal tubular acidosis
Sarcoidosis, urinary stone risks and management,
248, 249
SCI, see Spinal cord injury
Seminal vesicle, calculi, 666, 667
Shockwave lithotripsy (SWL)
anesthesia
complications, 499
cutaneous anesthesia, 496, 497
general anesthesia, 498
monitored care, 496
neuraxial anesthesia, 498
nonsteroidal stein drugs, 497
patient-controlled analgesia, 497
bilateral shockwave lithotripsy, 521, 522
children, 524, 563, 564
complications
adjacent organ injury, 523
bleeding, 519–521
fistulae, 523, 524
hypertension, 524–526, 565
infection, 518, 519
perirenal hematoma, 564, 565
steinstrasse, 515–518, 564
stone fragments, 513
contraindications, 499–502, 556–558
distal obstruction patients, 558
efficacy and safety, 512, 558, 559
fertility studies, 523, 524
fragmentation factors, 513
historical perspective, 23, 555
instrumentation, 512
lower pole renal calculi
adjunctive procedures, 561
anatomical considerations, 561, 562
outcomes, 560, 561
morbidly obese patients, 557
patient selection, 555, 556
rare stone management, 362
recurrence rates, 32, 33
renal function effects, 521, 565, 566
renal insufficiency patients, 522
residual stone fragments, 515
solitary kidney patients, 522
staghorn calculi, 560
stone burden considerations, 513, 559, 560
stone localization, 512, 513
stone location considerations, 514, 515
struvite stone management, 319, 320
ureteral calculi
distal ureteral calculi, 562, 563
outcomes, 562
ureteroscopy comparison, 563
Silicate stones, features and treatment, 357, 358
SLC3A1, cystinuria defects, 332, 333
SLC7A9, cystinuria defects, 333, 334
Sodium bicarbonate, see Bicarbonate
Sodium
diet and urinary stone risks, 290, 291
restriction in cystine stone management, 338
Sodium/calcium exchangers, types, 90
Sodium cellulose phosphate, hypercalciuria
management, 272–274
Sodium citrate, supplementation studies, 166
Sodium/potassium-ATPase, defects in distal renal
tubular acidosis, 146
Solubility product constant, 56
Space exploration, urinary stone risks, 247, 248
Spinal cord injury (SCI)
surgical management of urolithiasis, 505
urinary stone risks, 32
Staghorn calculi
percutaneous nephrolithotomy, 612, 613
shockwave lithotripsy, 560
ureteroscopy, 584, 585
Stents, see Ureteral stents