Martienssen W., Warlimont H. (Eds.). Handbook of Condensed Matter and Materials Data

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282 Part 3 Classes of Materials

Table 3.1-94 Nominal compositions of highly-alloyed Ni

Designation UNS (wt%)

Nr Ni Cr Fe Co Mo

Nickel-molybdenum alloys

Hastelloy B N10001 bal 1.0 6.0 2.5 26.0–33.0

Hastelloy B-2 N10665 bal 1.0 2.0 1.0 26.0–30.0

Hastelloy B-3 N10675 65.0 1.0–3.0 1.0–3.0 3.0 27.0–32.0

Nicrofer 6629 (B-4) N10629 bal 0.5–1.5 1.0–6.0 2.5 26.0–30.0

Nickel-chromium-iron alloys

Inconel 600 N06600 72.0 (min(b)) 14.0–17.0 6.0–10.0 − −

Inconel 601 N06601 58.0–63.0 21.0–25.0 bal − −

Inconel 690 N06690 58.0 (min) 27.0–31.0 7.0–11.0 − −

Haynes 214 N07214 bal 15.0–17.0 2.0–4.0 2.0 0.5

Iron-nickel-chromium alloys

Incoloy 800 N08800 30.0–35.0 19.0–23.0 39.5 (min) − −

Incoloy 800HT N08811 30.0–35.0 19.0–23.0 39.5 (min) − −

Incoloy 801 N08801 30.0–34.0 19.0–22.0 bal − −

Incoloy 803 S35045 32.0–37.0 25.0–29.0 37.0 (min) − −

Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys

Hastelloy C N10002 bal 14.5–16.50 4.0–7.0 2.5 15.0–17.0

Hastelloy C-4 N06455 bal 14.0–18.0 3.0 2.0 14.0–17.0

Hastelloy C-22 N06022 bal 20.0–22.5 2.0–6.0 2.5 12.5–14.5

Hastelloy C-276 N10276 bal 14.5–16.50 4.0–7.0 2.5 15.0–17.0

Hastelloy C-2000 N06200 bal 22.0–24.0 3.0 2.0 15.0–17.0

Nicrofer 5923 (Alloy 59) N06059 bal 22.0–24.0 1.5 0.3 15.0–16.5

Inconel 617 N06617 44.5 (min) 20.0–24.0 3.0 10.0–15.0 8.0–10.0

Inconel 625 N06625 58.0 (min) 20.0–23.0 5.0 1.0 8.0–10.0

Inconel 686 N06686 bal 19.0–23.0 5.0 − 15.0–17.0

Hastelloy S N06635 bal 14.5–17.0 3.0 2.0 14.0–16.5

Allcorr N06110 bal 27.0–33.0 − 12.0 8.0–12.0

Nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum alloys

Incoloy 825 N08825 38.0–46.0 19.5–23.5 bal − 2.5–3.5

Hastelloy G N06007 bal 21.0–23.5 18.0–21.0 2.5 5.5–7.5

Hastelloy G-2 N06975 47.0–52.0 23.0–26.0 bal − 5.0–7.0

Hastelloy G-3 N06985 bal 21.0–23.5 18.0–21.0 5.0 6.0–8.0

Hastelloy G-30 N06030 bal 28.0–31.5 13.0–17.0 5.0 4.0–6.0

Hastelloy G-50 N06950 50.0 (min) 19.0–21.0 15.0–20.0 2.5 8.0–10.0

Hastelloy D-205 − 65.0 20.0 6.0 − 2.5

Hastelloy N N10003 bal 6.0–8.0 5.0 0.2 15.0–18.0

Hastelloy X N06002 bal 20.5–23.0 17.0–20.0 0.5–2.5 8.0–10.0

Nicrofer 3033 (Alloy 33) R20033 30.0–33.0 31.0–35.0 bal − 0.5–2.0

Nickel-chromium-tungsten, nickel-iron-chromium, and nickel-cobalt-chromium-silicon alloys

Haynes 230 N06230 bal 20.0–24.0 3.0 − 1.0–3.0

Haynes HR-120 N08120 35.0–39.0 23.0–27.0 bal 3.0 2.5

Haynes HR-160 N12160 bal 26.0–30.0 3.5 27.0–33.0 1.0

Precipitation-hardening alloys

Alloy 625 Plus N07716 57.0–63.0 19.0–22.0 bal − 7.0–9.50

Inconel 718 N07718 50.0–55.0 17.0–21.0 bal 1.0 2.80–3.30

Inconel 725 N07725 55.0–59.0 19.0–22.5 bal − 7.0–9.50

Inconel 925 N09925 38.0–46.0 19.5–23.5 22.0 (min) − 2.50–3.50

(a) Single values are maximum unless otherwise indicated; (b) Nickel plus cobalt content; bal: balance

Part 3 1.7

Metals 1.7 Nickel and Nickel Alloys 283

Table 3.1-94 Nominal compositions of highly alloyed Ni alloys, cont.

(wt%)

W Nb Ti Al C Mn Si B Others

Nickel-molybdenum alloys

− − − − 0.12 1.0 1.0 − 0.60 V

− − − − 0.02 1.0 0.10 − −

3.0 0.20 0.20 0.50 0.01 3.0 0.10 − 0.20 Ta

− − − 0.1–0.5 0.01 1.5 0.05 − −

Nickel-chromium-iron alloys

− − − − 0.15 1.0 0.5 − 0.5Cu

− − − 1.0–1.7 0.10 1.0 0.50 − 1.0Cu

− − − − 0.05 0.50 0.50 − 0.50 Cu

0.5 − 0.5 4.0–5.0 0.05 0.5 0.2 0.006 0.05 Zr, 0.002–0.040 Y

Iron-nickel-chromium alloys

− − 0.15–0.60 0.15–0.60 0.10 1.5 1.0 − −

− − 0.15–0.60 0.15–0.60 0.06–0.10 1.5 1.0 − 0.895–1.20 Al+Ti

− − 0.75–1.5 − 0.10 1.5 1.0 − 0.5Cu

− − 0.15–0.60 0.15–0.60 0.06–0.10 1.5 1.0 − 0.75 Cu

Nickel-chromium-molybdenum alloys

3.0–4.5 − − − 0.08 1.0 1.0 − 0.35 V

− − 0.70 − 0.015 1.0 0.08 − −

2.5–3.5 − − − 0.015 0.5 0.08 − 0.35 V

3.0–4.5 − − − 0.02 1.0 0.08 − 0.35 V

− − − 0.5 0.010 0.5 0.08 − 1.3–1.9Cu

− − − 0.1–0.4 0.010 0.5 0.10 − −

− − 0.6 0.8–1.5 0.05–0.15 1.0 1.0 0.006 0.5Cu

− 3.15–4.15 0.40 0.40 0.10 0.50 0.50 − −

3.0–4.4 − 0.02–0.25 − 0.010 0.75 0.08 − −

1.0 − − 0.1–0.50 0.02 0.3–1.0 0.20–0.75 0.015 0.35 Cu, 0.01–0.10 La

4.0 2.0 1.50 1.50 0.15 − − − −

Nickel-chromium-iron-molybdenum alloys

− − 0.6–1.2 0.2 0.05 1.0 0.5 − −

1.0 1.75–2.5 − − 0.05 1.0–2.0 1.0 − −

− − 0.70–1.5 − 0.03 1.0 1.0 − 0.7–1.20 Cu

1.5 − − − 0.015 1.0 1.0 − 1.5–2.5Cu,0.50 Nb+Ta

1.5–4.0 0.3–1.5 − − 0.03 1.5 0.8 − 1.0–2.4Cu

1.0 0.5 − − 0.015 1.0 1.0 − 0.5Cu

− − − − 0.03 − 5.0 − 2.0Cu

0.5 − − − 0.010 1.0 1.0 0.010 0.50 V, 0.35 Cu

0.20–1.0 − − − 0.05–0.15 1.0 1.0 − −

− − − − 0.015 2.0 0.5 − 0.3–1.2Cu

Nickel-chromium-tungsten, nickel-iron-chromium, and nickel-cobalt-chromium-silicon alloys

13.0–15.0 − − 0.20–0.50 0.05–0.15 0.3–1.0 0.25–0.75 0.015 0.005–0.05 La

2.5 0.4–0.9 0.20 0.40 0.02–0.1 1.5 1.0 0.010 0.5Cu

1.0 − 0.20–0.80 − 0.15 1.5 2.4–3.0 − −

Precipitation-hardening alloys

− 2.75–4.0 1.0–1.60 0.35 0.03 0.20 0.20 − −

− 4.75–5.50 0.35 0.20–0.80 0.08 0.35 0.35 0.06 0.3Cu

− 2.75–4.0 1.0–1.70 0.35 0.03 0.35 0.50 − −

− 0.50 1.9–2.40 0.10–0.50 0.03 1.0 0.50 − 1.5–3.0Cu

Part 3 1.7

284 Part 3 Classes of Materials

140

5.6

4.2

2.8

1.4

1300 1400 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900 2000

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.1

0.7

705 760 815 870 925 980 1035 1095

Stress

(MPa)

T(°F)

T(°C)

Stress

(ksi)

Incoloy alloy MA 956

Incoloy alloy 800HT

Inconel alloy 617

Inconel alloy 601

Incoloy alloy 802

Inco alloy HX

Incoloy alloy 800

AISI 308

Inconel alloy 600

Inco alloy 330

AISI 310

Fig. 3.1-126 Rupture strength (10 000 h) of Ni-based alloys and stainless steels

120

100

827

689

552

414

276

138

538 649 760 871 982 1093 1204 1316

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400

100 h

rupture

strength

(ksi)

100 h

rupture

strength

(MPa)

T(°F)

T(°C)

Precipitation (γ' or γ'')

strengthened nickel

and iron-nickel alloys

Carbide-phase-

strengthened cobalt

alloys

Solid-solution-

strengthened

iron, nickel, and

cobalt alloys

Fig. 3.1-127 Stress–rupture characteristics of wrought superalloys

3.1.7.3 Ni-Based Superalloys

The term superalloy is used for a group of nickel-,

iron–nickel-, and cobalt-based high-temperature ma-

terials for applications at temperatures ≥ 540

◦

C. It is

useful to compare the main subgroups in terms of the

strengthening mechanisms applied and stress–rupture

characteristics achieved, as shown in Fig. 3.1-127. In this

section iron–nickel- and nickel-based superalloys are

covered whereas cobalt-based superalloys are dealt with

in Sect. 3.1.6.3. Nickel-based superalloys are among the

most complexmetallic materials with numerous alloying

elements serving particular functions, as brieﬂy outlined

here.

All Ni andFe

−

Ni-based superalloysare alloyed with

Al. This leads to a two-phase matrix consisting of the γ -

(Ni, Fe, Al) solid solution phase (fcc, A1 structure) and

the intermetallic γ



-Ni

Al phase (L1

structure), which

has a superlattice structure relative to the fcc structure

of the γ phase. The binary Al

−

Ni phase diagram in

Fig. 3.1-128 shows clearly that the γ



phase is stable up

to the melting range. The matrix phase γ is solid solution

strengthened by alloying additions of Cr, Mo, W, and

Part 3 1.7

Metals 1.7 Nickel and Nickel Alloys 285

1700

1600

1500

1400

1300

1200

1100

1000

900

800

700

600

500

400

300

200

3090

2910

2730

2550

2370

2190

2010

1830

1650

1470

1290

1110

930

750

570

390

Al 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Ni

Nickel (wt %)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

T(°C)

T(°F)

Nickel (at.%)

660.37 °C

6.1

640 °C

28 42

855 °C

CurieCurie

Curie

temperaturetemperature

temperature

1135 °C

1455 °C

1387 °C

1397 °C

83 %

86.7 %

88.8 %

1640 °C, 88.5 %

358 °C

Fig. 3.1-128 Al

−

Ni phase diagram indicating the high thermal stability of the γ



phase

Ta. The γ



-Ni

Al phase is precipitated coherently from

the γ phase by appropriate heat treatment in amounts

ranging from 20 to 45 vol% γ



in wrought superalloys

and about 60 vol% γ



in cast superalloys. The hardening

effect of γ



in these alloys is due to its high yield stress

which increases with increasing temperature to a max-

imum at about 650

◦

C, as shown in Fig. 3.1-129. The

anomalous temperature dependence is due to the fact

that the plastic deformation is associated with the for-

mation and motion of partial dislocations, giving rise to

local disordering of the ordered structure. Figure 3.1-129

shows also that alloying additions such as Cr, Ti, and Nb

increase the yield stress and tend to shift its maximum

to higher temperatures. This is because several alloying

elements substitute Ni (Fe, Co, Cr) or Al (Ti, Nb) in the

Al structure andraise its critical resolvedshear stress.

Another major alloying addition is carbon in combina-

tion with carbide forming alloy components such as Ti,

Cr, Mo, W, and Nb (which are partly added to achieve

hardening of the metallic phases as well, as described

above). The carbides (MC, M

,andM

C) are

1380

1035

630

345

Flow

stress

(MPa)

Flow

stress

(ksi)

200

150

100

30 390 750 1110 1470 1830 2190

0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200

T(°C)

T(°F)

6 at.% Nb

10.5 at.% Ti + 2 at.% Cr

10.5 at.% Ti

2 at.% Cr

Fig. 3.1-129 Temperature dependence of the ﬂow stress of the



-Ni

Al phase and effects of Nb, Ti, and Cr alloying additions

precipitated or formed by secondary reactions as intra-

grain or grain boundary precipitates further stabilizing

the microstructure against creep deformation.

Part 3 1.7

286 Part 3 Classes of Materials

Taking these factors of inﬂuence into account the

wrought superalloys listed in Table 3.1-95 and the cast

Table 3.1-95 Nominal compositions of Fe

−

Ni-based and Ni-based wrought superalloys

Alloy UNS Composition (wt%)

No. Cr Ni Co Mo W Nb Ti Al Fe C Other

Solid-solution alloys

Iron-nickel-based

Alloy N-155 R30155 21.0 20.0 20.0 3.00 2.5 1.0 − − 32.2 0.15 0.15 N, 0.2La,

(Multimet)

0.02 Zr

Haynes 556 R30556 22.0 21.0 20.0 3.0 2.5 0.1 − 0.3 29.0 0.10 0.50 Ta, 0.02 La,

0.002 Zr

19-9 DL S63198 19.0 9.0 − 1.25 1.25 0.4 0.3 − 66.8 0.30 1.10 Mn, 0.60 Si

Incoloy 800 N08800 21.0 32.5 − − − − 0.38 0.38 45.7 0.05 −

Incoloy 800H N08810 21.0 33.0 − − − − − − 45.8 0.08 −

Incoloy 800HT N08811 21.0 32.5 − − − − 0.4 0.4 46.0 0.08 0.8Mn,0.5Si,

0.4Cu

Incoloy 801 N08801 20.5 32.0 − − − − 1.13 − 46.3 0.05 −

Incoloy 802 − 21.0 32.5 − − − − 0.75 0.58 44.8 0.35 −

Nickel-based

Haynes 214 − 16.0 76.5 − − − − − 4.5 3.0 0.03

Haynes 230 N06230 22.0 55.0 5.0 (max) 2.0 14.0 − − 0.35 3.0 (max) 0.10 0.015 (max) B,

0.02 La

Inconel 600 N06600 15.5 76.0 − − − − − − 8.0 0.08 0.25 Cu

Inconel 601 N06601 23.0 60.5 − − − − − 1.35 14.1 0.05 0.5Cu

Inconel 617 N06617 22.0 55.0 12.5 9.0 − − − 1.0 − 0.07 −

Inconel 625 N06625 21.5 61.0 − 9.0 − 3.6 0.2 0.2 2.5 0.05 −

RA 333 N06333 25.0 45.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 − − − 18.0 0.05 −

Hastelloy B N01001 1.0 (max) 63.0 2.5 (max) 28.0 − − − − 5.0 0.05 (max) 0.03 V

Hastelloy N N01003 7.0 72.0 − 16.0 − − 0.5 (max) − 5.0 (max) 0.06

Hastelloy S N06635 15.5 67.0 − 15.5 − − − 0.2 1.0 0.02 (max) 0.02 La

Hastelloy W N10004 5.0 61.0 2.5 (max) 24.5 − − − − 5.5 0.12 (max) 0.6V

Hastelloy X N06002 22.0 49.0 1.5 (max) 9.0 0.6 − − 2.0 15.8 0.15 −

Hastelloy C-276 N10276 15.5 59.0 − 16.0 3.7 − − − 5.0 0.02 (max) −

Haynes HR-120 N08120 25.0 37.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 0.7 − 0.1 33.0 0.05 0.7Mn,0.6Si,

0.2N,0.004 B

Haynes HR-160 N12160 28.0 37.0 29.0 − − − − − 2.0 0.05 2.75 Si, 0.5Mn

Nimonic 75 N06075 19.5 75.0 − − − − 0.4 0.15 2.5 0.12 0.25 (max) Cu

Nimonic 86 − 25.0 65.0 − 10.0 − − − − − 0.05 0.03 Ce,

0.015 Mg

Precipitation-hardening alloys

Iron-nickel-based

A-286 S66286 15.0 26.0 − 1.25 − − 2.0 0.2 55.2 0.04 0.005 B, 0.3V

Discaloy S66220 14.0 26.0 − 3.0 − − 1.7 0.25 55.0 0.06 −

Incoloy 903 N19903 0.1 (max) 38.0 15.0 0.1 − 3.0 1.4 0.7 41.0 0.04 −

Pyromet CTX-1 − 0.1 (max) 37.7 16.0 0.1 − 3.0 1.7 1.0 39.0 0.03 −

Incoloy 907 N19907 − 38.4 13.0 − − 4.7 1.5 0.03 42.0 0.01 0.15 Si

Incoloy 909 N19909 − 38.0 13.0 − − 4.7 1.5 0.03 42.0 0.01 0.4Si

Incoloy 925 N09925 20.5 44.0 − 2.8 − − 2.1 0.2 29 0.01 1.8Cu

V-57 − 14.8 27.0 − 1.25 − − 3.0 0.25 48.6 0.08 (max) 0.01 B,

0.5 (max) V

W-545 S66545 13.5 26.0 − 1.5 − − 2.85 0.2 55.8 0.08 (max) 0.05 B

superalloys listed in Table 3.1-96 have been devel-

oped.

Part 3 1.7

Metals 1.7 Nickel and Nickel Alloys 287

Table 3.1-95 Nominal compositions of Fe

−

Ni-based and Ni-based wrought superalloys, cont.

Alloy UNS Composition (wt%)

No. Cr Ni Co Mo W Nb Ti Al Fe C Other

Nickel-based

Astroloy N13017 15.0 56.5 15.0 5.25 − − 3.5 4.4 <0.3 0.06 0.03 B, 0.06 Zr

Custom Age N07716 21.0 61.0 − 8.0 − 3.4 1.3 0.2 5.0 0.01 −

625 PLUS

Haynes 242 − 8.0 62.5 2.5 (max) 25.0 − − − 0.5 (max) 2.0 (max) 0.10 (max) 0.006 (max) B

Haynes 263 N07263 20.0 52.0 − 6.0 − − 2.4 0.6 0.7 0.06 0.6Mn,0.4Si,

0.2Cu

Haynes R-41 N07041 19.0 52.0 11.0 10.0 − − 3.1 1.5 5.0 0.09 0.5Si,0.1Mn,

0.006 B

Inconel 100 N13100 10.0 60.0 15.0 3.0 − − 4.7 5.5 <0.6 0.15 1.0V,0.06 Zr,

0.015 B

Inconel 102 N06102 15.0 67.0 − 2.9 3.0 2.9 0.5 0.5 7.0 0.06 0.005 B, 0.02 Mg,

0.03 Zr

Incoloy 901 N09901 12.5 42.5 − 6.0 − − 2.7 − 36.2 0.10 (max) −

Inconel 702 N07702 15.5 79.5 − − − − 0.6 3.2 1.0 0.05 0.5Mn,0.2Cu,

0.4Si

Inconel 706 N09706 16.0 41.5 − − − − 1.75 0.2 37.5 0.03 2.9 (Nb +Ta),

0.15 (max) Cu

Inconel 718 N07718 19.0 52.5 − 3.0 − 5.1 0.9 0.5 18.5 0.08 (max) 0.15 (max) Cu

Inconel 721 N07721 16.0 71.0 − − − − 3.0 − 6.5 0.04 2.2Mn,0.1Cu

Inconel 722 N07722 15.5 75.0 − − − − 2.4 0.7 7.0 0.04 0.5Mn,0.2Cu,

0.4Si

Inconel 725 N07725 21.0 57.0 − 8.0 − 3.5 1.5 0.35 (max) 9.0 0.03 (max)

Inconel 751 N07751 15.5 72.5 − − − 1.0 2.3 1.2 7.0 0.05 0.25 (max) Cu

Inconel X-750 N07750 15.5 73.0 − − − 1.0 2.5 0.7 7.0 0.04 0.25 (max) Cu

M-252 N07252 19.0 56.5 10.0 10.0 − − 2.6 1.0 <0.75 0.15 0.005 B

Nimonic 80A N07080 19.5 73.0 1.0 − − − 2.25 1.4 1.5 0.05 0.10 (max) Cu

Nimonic 90 N07090 19.5 55.5 18.0 − − − 2.4 1.4 1.5 0.06 −

Nimonic 95 − 19.5 53.5 18.0 − − − 2.9 2.0 5.0 (max) 0.15 (max) +B, +Zr

Nimonic 100 − 11.0 56.0 20.0 5.0 − − 1.5 5.0 2.0 (max) 0.30 (max) +B, +Zr

Nimonic 105 − 15.0 54.0 20.0 5.0 − − 1.2 4.7 − 0.08 0.005 B

Nimonic 115 − 15.0 55.0 15.0 4.0 − − 4.0 5.0 1.0 0.20 0.04 Zr

C-263 N07263 20.0 51.0 20.0 5.9 − − 2.1 0.45 0.7 (max) 0.06 −

Pyromet 860 − 13.0 44.0 4.0 6.0 − − 3.0 1.0 28.9 0.05 0.01 B

Pyromet 31 N07031 22.7 55.5 − 2.0 − 1.1 2.5 1.5 14.5 0.04 0.005 B

Refractaloy 26 − 18.0 38.0 20.0 3.2 − − 2.6 0.2 16.0 0.03 0.015 B

René 41 N07041 19.0 55.0 11.0 10.0 − − 3.1 1.5 <0.3 0.09 0.01 B

René 95 − 14.0 61.0 8.0 3.5 3.5 3.5 2.5 3.5 <0.3 0.16 0.01 B, 0.05 Zr

René 100 − 9.5 61.0 15.0 3.0 − − 4.2 5.5 1.0 (max) 0.16 0.015 B, 0.06 Zr,

1.0V

Udimet 500 N07500 19.0 48.0 19.0 4.0 − − 3.0 3.0 4.0 (max) 0.08 0.005 B

Udimet 520 − 19.0 57.0 12.0 6.0 1.0 − 3.0 2.0 − 0.08 0.005 B

Udimet 630 − 17.0 50.0 − 3.0 3.0 6.5 1.0 0.7 18.0 0.04 0.004 B

Udimet 700 − 15.0 53.0 18.5 5.0 − − 3.4 4.3 <1.0 0.07 0.03 B

Udimet 710 − 18.0 55.0 14.8 3.0 1.5 − 5.0 2.5 − 0.07 0.01 B

Unitemp N07012 12.0 59.0 10.0 3.0 6.0 − 3.0 4.6 <0.5 0.35 1.5Ta,0.015 B,

AF2-1DA

0.1Zr

Waspaloy N07001 19.5 57.0 13.5 4.3 − − 3.0 1.4 2.0 (max) 0.07 0.006 B, 0.09 Zr

Part 3 1.7

288 Part 3 Classes of Materials

Table 3.1-96 Nominal compositions of Ni-based cast superalloys

Alloy Nominal composition (wt%)

designation

C Ni Cr Co Mo Fe Al B Ti Ta W Zr Other

Nickel-based

B-1900 0.1 64 8 10 6 − 6 0.015 1 4

− 0.10 −

CMSX-2 − 66.2 8 4.6 0.6 − 56 − 1 6 8 6 −

Hastelloy X 0.1 50 21 1 9 18 − − − − 1 − −

Inconel 100 0.18 60.5 10 15 3 − 5.5 0.01 5 − − 0.06 1V

Inconel 713C 0.12 74 12.5 − 4.2 − 6 0.012 0.8 1.75 − 0.1 0.9Nb

Inconel 713LC 0.05 75 12 − 4.5 − 6 0.01 0.6 4 − 0.1 −

Inconel 738 0.17 61.5 16 8.5 1.75 − 3.4 0.01 3.4 − 2.6 0.1 2Nb

Inconel 792 0.2 60 13 9 2.0 − 3.2 0.02 4.2 − 4 0.1 2Nb

Inconel 718 0.04 53 19 − 3 18 0.5 − 0.9 − − − 0.1Cu,5Nb

X-750 0.04 73 15 − − 7 0.7 − 2.5 − − − 0.25 Cu, 0.9Nb

M-252 0.15 56 20 10 10 − 1 0.005 2.6 − − − −

MAR-M 200 0.15 59 9 10 − 1 5 0.015 2 − 12.5 0.05 1Nb

MAR-M 246 0.15 60 9 10 2.5 − 5.5 0.015 1.5 1.5 10 0.05 −

MAR-M 247 0.15 59 8.25 10 0.7 0.5 5.5 0.015 1 3 10 0.05 1.5Hf

PWA 1480 − bal 10 5.0 − − 5.0 − 1.5 12 4.0 − −

René 41 0.09 55 19 11.0 10.0 − 1.5 0.01 3.1 − − − −

René 77 0.07 58 15 15 4.2 − 4.3 0.015 3.3 − − 0.04 −

René 80 0.17 60 14 9.5 4 − 3 0.015 5 − 4 0.03 −

René 80 Hf 0.08 60 14 9.5 4 − 3 0.015 4.8 − 4 0.02 0.75 Hf

René 100 0.18 61 9.5 15 3 − 5.5 0.015 4.2 − − 0.06 1V

René N4 0.06 62 9.8 7.5 1.5 − 4.2 0.004 3.5 4.8 6 − 0.5Nb,0.15 Hf

Udimet 500 0.1 53 18 17 4 2 3 − 3 − − − −

Udimet 700 0.1 53.5 15 18.5 5.25 − 4.25 0.03 3.5 − − − −

Udimet 710 0.13 55 18 15 3 − 2.5 − 5 − 1.5 0.08 −

Waspaloy 0.07 57.5 19.5 13.5 4.2 1 1.2 0.005 3 − − 0.09 −

WAX-20 (DS) 0.20 72 − − − − 6.5 − − − 20 1.5 −

B-1900 + Hf also contains 1.5% Hf

MAR-M 200 + Hf also contains 1.5% Hf

bal: balance

The mechanical properties as a function of tem-

perature of the wrought superalloys are listed in

Tables 3.1-97 and 3.1-98, those for the cast alloys in

Table 3.1-99. The temperature dependence of the mech-

anical properties is essentially dependent on the volume

fraction, composition, and resulting ﬂow stress of the



phase.

Figure 3.1-126 shows some typical results of stress

rupture tests characterising the time-dependent high

temperature behavior dominated by creep deforma-

tion. A compilation of creep data may be found

in [1.101].

3.1.7.4 Ni Plating

Nickel plating is used extensively for decorative appli-

cations (80%) and for engineering and electroforming

purposes (20%).

Electroless Ni coatings are produced by autocatalyt-

ical reduction of Ni ions from aqueous solution. Three

electroless coatings are applied most frequently: nickel–

phosphorus (6–12 wt% P), nickel–boron (≈ 5wt%B),

and composite coatings (Ni

−

P with SiC, ﬂuorocar-

bons, and diamond). A more extensive account is given

in [1.96].

Part 3 1.7

Metals 1.7 Nickel and Nickel Alloys 289

Table 3.1-97 Effect of temperature on the ultimate tensile strength of wrought Ni-based superalloys

Alloy Form Ultimate tensile strength at: Condition of test material

◦

C 540

◦

C 650

◦

C 760

◦

C 870

◦

(70

◦

F) (1000

◦

F) (1200

◦

F) (1400

◦

F) (1600

◦

(MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi)

Nickel-based

Astroloy Bar 1415 205 1240 180 1310 190 1160 168 775 112 1095

◦

C (2000

◦

F)/4h/OQ + 870

◦

C (1600

◦

F)/8 h/AC +

980

◦

C (1800

◦

F)/4 h/AC + 650

◦

C (1200

◦

F)/24 h/AC +

760

◦

C (1400

◦

F)/8h/AC

Cabot 214 − 915 133 715 104 675 98 560 84 440 64 1120

◦

C (2050

◦

D-979 Bar 1410 204 1295 188 1105 160 720 104 345 50 1040

◦

C (1900

◦

F)/1h/OQ + 845

◦

C (1550

◦

F)/6 h/AC +

705

◦

C (1300

◦

F)/16 h/AC

Hastelloy C-22 Sheet 800 116 625 91 585 85 525 76 − − 1120

◦

C (2050

◦

F)/RQ

Hastelloy G-30 Sheet 690 100 490 71 − − − − − − 1175

◦

C (2150

◦

F)/RAC-WQ

Hastelloy S Bar 845 130 775 112 720 105 575 84 340 50 1065

◦

C (1950

◦

F)/AC

Hastelloy X Sheet 785 114 650 94 570 83 435 63 255 37 1175

◦

C (2150

◦

F)/RAC

Haynes230 − 870 126 720 105 675 98 575 84 385 56 1230

◦

C (2250

◦

F)/AC

Inconel 587

Bar 1180 171 1035 150 1005 146 830 120 525 76 −

Inconel 597

Bar 1220 177 1140 165 1060 154 930 135 − − −

Inconel 600 Bar 660 96 560 81 450 65 260 38 140 20 1120

◦

C (2050

◦

F)/2 h/AC

Inconel 601 Sheet 740 107 725 105 525 76 290 42 160 23 1150

◦

C (2100

◦

F)/2 h/AC

Inconel 617 Bar 740 107 580 84 565 82 440 64 275 40 1175

◦

C (2150

◦

F)/AC

Inconel 617 Sheet 770 112 590 86 590 86 470 68 310 45 1175

◦

C (2150

◦

F)/0.2h/AC

Inconel 625 Bar 965 140 910 132 835 121 550 80 275 40 1150

◦

C (2100

◦

F)/1 h/WQ

Inconel 706 Bar 1310 190 1145 166 1035 150 725 105 − − 980

◦

C (1800

◦

F)/1h/AC + 845

◦

C (1550

◦

F)/3 h/AC +

720

◦

C (1325

◦

F)/8 h/FC + 620

◦

C (1150

◦

F)/8 h/AC

Inconel 718 Bar 1435 208 1275 185 1228 178 950 138 340 49 980

◦

C (1800

◦

F)/1 h/AC + 720

◦

C (1325

◦

F)/8 h/FC +

620

◦

C (1150

◦

F)/18 h/AC

Inconel 718

Direct Age

Bar 1530 222 1350 196 1235 179 − − − − 735

◦

C (1325

◦

F)/8 h/SC + 620

◦

C (1150

◦

F)/8 h/AC

Inconel 718

Super

Bar 1530 196 1200 174 1130 164 − − − − 925

◦

C (1700

◦

F)/1 h/AC + 735

◦

C (1325

◦

F)/8 h/SC +

620

◦

C (1150

◦

F)/8h/AC

Part 3 1.7

290 Part 3 Classes of Materials

Table 3.1-97 Effect of temperature on the ultimate tensile strength of wrought Ni-based superalloys, cont.

Alloy Form Ultimate tensile strength at: Condition of test material

◦

C 540

◦

C 650

◦

C 760

◦

C 870

◦

(70

◦

F) (1000

◦

F) (1200

◦

F) (1400

◦

F) (1600

◦

(MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi)

Nickel-based

Inconel X750 Bar 1200 174 1050 152 940 136 − − − − 1150

◦

C (2100

◦

F)/2 h/AC + 845

◦

C (1550

◦

F)/24 h/AC

+ 705

◦

C (1300

◦

F)/20 h/AC

M-252 Bar 1240 180 1230 178 1160 168 945 137 510 74 1040

◦

C (1900

◦

F)/4h/AC + 760

◦

C (1400

◦

F)/16 h/AC

Nimonic 75 Bar 745 108 675 98 540 78 310 45 150 22 1050

◦

C (1925

◦

F)/1h/AC

Nimonic 80A Bar 1000 145 875 127 795 115 600 87 310 45 1080

◦

C (1975

◦

F)/8h/AC + 705

◦

C (1300

◦

F)/16 h/AC

Nimonic 90 Bar 1235 179 1075 156 940 136 655 95 330 48 1080

◦

C (1975

◦

F)/8h/AC + 705

◦

C (1300

◦

F)/16 h/AC

Nimonic 105 Bar 1180 171 1130 164 1095 159 930 135 660 96 1150

◦

C (2100

◦

F)/4 h/AC + 1060

◦

C (1940

◦

F)/16 h/AC

+ 850

◦

C (1560

◦

F)/16 h/AC

Nimonic 115 Bar 1240 180 1090 158 1125 163 1085 157 830 120 1190

◦

C (2175

◦

F)/1.5h/AC+1100

◦

C (2010

◦

F)/6 h/AC

Nimonic 263 Sheet 970 141 800 116 770 112 650 94 280 40 1150

◦

C (2100

◦

F)/0.2h/WQ+ 800

◦

C (1470

◦

F)/8 h/AC

Nimonic 942 Bar 1405 204 1300 189 1240 180 900 131 − − −

Nimonic PE.11 Bar 1080 157 1000 145 940 136 760 110 − − −

Nimonic PE.16 Bar 885 128 740 107 660 96 510 74 215 31 1040

◦

C (1900

◦

F)/4h/AC + 800

◦

C (1470

◦

F)/2 h/AC

+ 1100–1115

◦

C (2010–2040

◦

F)/0.25h/AC

+ 850

◦

C (1500

◦

F)/4 h/AC

Nimonic PK.33 Sheet 1180 171 1000 145 1000 145 885 128 510 74 1100–1115

◦

C (2010–2040

◦

F)/0.25h/AC

+ 850

◦

C (1500

◦

F)/4 h/AC

Pyromet 860 Bar 1295 188 1255 182 1110 161 910 132 − − 1095

◦

C (2000

◦

F)/2h/WQ + 830

◦

C (1525

◦

F)/2h/AC

+ 760

◦

C (1400

◦

F)/24 h/AC

René 41 Bar 1420 206 1400 203 1340 194 1105 160 620 90 1065

◦

C (1950

◦

F)/4h/AC + 760

◦

C (1400

◦

F)/16 h/AC

René 95 Bar 1620 235 1550 224 1460 212 1170 170 − − 900

◦

C (1650

◦

F)/24h + 1105

◦

C (2025

◦

F)/1 h/OQ

+ 730

◦

C (1350

◦

F)/64 h/AC

Udimet 400 Bar 1310 190 1185 172 − − − − − − −

Udimet 500 Bar 1310 190 1240 180 1215 176 1040 151 640 93 1080

◦

C (1975

◦

F)/4 h/AC + 845

◦

C (1550

◦

F)/24 h/AC

+ 760

◦

C (1400

◦

F)/16 h/AC

Udimet 520 Bar 1310 190 1240 180 1175 170 725 105 515 75 1105

◦

C (2025

◦

F)/4 h/AC + 845

◦

C (1550

◦

F)/24 h/AC

+ 760

◦

C (1400

◦

F)/16 h/AC

Udimet 630 Bar 1520 220 1380 200 1275 185 965 140 − − −

Udimet 700 Bar 1410 204 1275 185 1240 180 1035 150 690 100 1175

◦

C (2150

◦

F)/4h/AC + 1080

◦

C (1975

◦

F)/4 h/AC

+845

◦

C (1550

◦

F)/24 h/AC +760

◦

C (1400

◦

F)/16 h/AC

Part 3 1.7

Metals 1.7 Nickel and Nickel Alloys 291

Table 3.1-97 Effect of temperature on the ultimate tensile strength of wrought Ni-based superalloys, cont.

Alloy Form Ultimate tensile strength at: Condition of test material

◦

C 540

◦

C 650

◦

C 760

◦

C 870

◦

(70

◦

F) (1000

◦

F) (1200

◦

F) (1400

◦

F) (1600

◦

(MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi) (MPa) (ksi)

Nickel-based

Udimet 710 Bar 1185 172 1150 167 1290 187 1020 148 705 102 1175

◦

C (2150

◦

F)/4h/AC + 1080

◦

C (1975

◦

F)/4 h/AC

+845

◦

C (1550

◦

F)/24 h/AC +760

◦

C (1400

◦

F)/16 h/AC

Udimet 720 Bar 1570 228 − − 1455 211 1455 211 1150 167 1115

◦

C (2035

◦

F)/2h/AC + 1080

◦

C (1975

◦

F)/4 h/OQ

+ 650

◦

C (1200

◦

F)/24 h/AC + 760

◦

C (1400

◦

F)/8 h/AC

Unitemp

AF2-1DA6

Bar 1560 226 1480 215 1400 203 1290 187 − − 1150

◦

C (2100

◦

F)/4h/AC + 760

◦

C (1400

◦

F)/16 h/AC

Waspaloy 1275 185 1170 170 1115 162 650 94 275 40 1080

◦

C (1975

◦

F)/4 h/AC + 845

◦

C (1550

◦

F)/24 h/AC

+ 760

◦

C (1400

◦

F)/16 h/AC

Iron base

A-286 Bar 1005 146 905 131 720 104 440 64 − − 980

◦

C (1800

◦

F)/1h/OQ + 720

◦

C (1325

◦

F)/16 h/AC

Alloy 901 Bar 1205 175 1030 149 960 139 725 105 − − 1095

◦

C (2000

◦

F)/2h/WQ + 790

◦

C (1450

◦

F)/2h/AC

+ 720

◦

C (1325

◦

F)/24 h/AC

Discaloy Bar 1000 145 865 125 720 104 485 70 − − 1010

◦

C (1850

◦

F)/2h/OQ +730

◦

C (1350

◦

F)/20 h/AC

+ 650

◦

C (1200

◦

F)/20 h/AC

Haynes 556 Sheet 815 118 645 93 590 85 470 69 330 48 1175

◦

C (2150

◦

F)/AC

Incoloy 800 Bar 595 86 510 74 405 59 235 34 − − −

OQ, oil quench; AC, air cool; RQ, rapid quench; RAC-WQ, rapid air cool-water quench; FC, furnace cool; SC, slow cool; CW, cold worked

Annealed

Precipitation hardened

Ref 15.

Ref 1.

Work strengthened and aged

At 700

◦

C(1290

◦

At 900

◦

C (1650

◦

F). Source: Ref 12, except as noted

Part 3 1.7