Moss L.T., Atre S. Business intelligence roadmap: The complete project lifecycle for decision-support applications
Подождите немного. Документ загружается.
expected.
Be sure to performance test some of the more complicated programs that have
many JOINs and that read high-volume tables. A performance test will indicate
how the BI application will perform when fully loaded in the production
environment. The easiest way to run a performance test is through a stress test
simulation tool.
The final tests should be the QA test with the operations staff and the
acceptance test with the subject matter expert and the business representative.
Besides determining whether the access and analysis programs function
correctly, acceptance testing should determine the overall usability of the BI
application and the interfaces to the BI application, especially for Web-based
development.
Provide data access and analysis training.
Identify the training needs of the help desk staff, "power users," knowledge
workers, business analysts, and business managers. Schedule the training
sessions, either in-house or with a vendor. If the training is provided internally,
create the training materials and conduct the training sessions. Be sure to
measure the effectiveness of the training, including the effectiveness of the style
in which the training is delivered, the content of the material, the pace with
which the material is covered, and the quality of the workbooks (e.g., too much
text or not enough explanations).
5.
[ Team LiB ]
北斗成功社区 BeiDouWeb.com 教育音视频/电子书/实用资料文档/励志音乐影视 仅供免费试用/版权原著所有
371/631
[ Team LiB ]
Deliverables Resulting from These Activities
Application design document
This document contains the formal design specifications for the access and
analysis components of the BI application. It contains report layouts, screen
designs, interface designs, calculations for reports and queries, and the design
of the online help function. In addition, it contains the programming
specifications for every access and analysis component. Portions of this
document will be given to different application developers to code the program
modules and query scripts.
1.
Application test plan
The application test plan should include the purpose for each test, a schedule
for running the tests, and the test cases, including input criteria and expected
output results. A test log should accompany the test plan, documenting when
the tests were run, who ran the tests, and what the test results were.
2.
Application programs
All access and analysis programs and scripts for the BI application should be
coded and tested. If an OLAP tool is being used, all of the OLAP functions should
be developed and tested.
3.
Application program library
All access and analysis programs and scripts should reside in the application
program library or OLAP tool library. All access and analysis programs and
scripts should have been integration tested or regression tested, performance
tested, QA tested, and acceptance tested.
4.
Training materials
Training materials include presentation slides, instructor notes, student
workbooks, and exercises and their solutions, as well as any additional
pertinent handouts.
5.
[ Team LiB ]
北斗成功社区 BeiDouWeb.com 教育音视频/电子书/实用资料文档/励志音乐影视 仅供免费试用/版权原著所有
372/631
[ Team LiB ]
Roles Involved in These Activities
Application developers
The application developers have to code and unit test the access and analysis
programs and scripts. They have to be proficient in the OLAP tool, Structured
Query Language (SQL), and the programming languages used to develop the BI
application.
Application lead developer
The application lead developer should be the "guru" and mentor to the other
application developers. He or she will work closely with the ETL lead developer
and the database administrator on any design and implementation issues. If
internal training is provided, he or she will develop the training materials and
schedule the training sessions (assisted by the training staff if the organization
has a training department).
Business representative
The business representative must actively participate in integration or
regression testing, as well as acceptance testing. He or she should assist the
subject matter expert in writing the test cases and in validating the test results.
In addition, the business representative must attend the scheduled training
sessions.
Database administrator
The database administrator, who designs and builds the BI target databases,
will assist with accessing these databases. The database administrator should
review all database calls from programs and OLAP tools and write pass-through
queries where required.
Subject matter expert
The subject matter expert is a key participant during development and testing
because he or she is probably the person most familiar with the access and
analysis requirements the BI application is meant to satisfy. The subject matter
expert must provide input and guidance during report and query design. He or
she should write (or assist in writing) the test cases and participate in
integration or regression testing as well as acceptance testing. In addition, he
or she should assist in preparing and scheduling the training sessions.
Testers
There can never be enough testers. It usually takes three times longer to test
an application than it does to develop it. The business representative and the
subject matter expert make excellent testers. As an additional benefit, they will
learn the BI application while they are testing it.
Web developers
北斗成功社区 BeiDouWeb.com 教育音视频/电子书/实用资料文档/励志音乐影视 仅供免费试用/版权原著所有
373/631
Web developers are responsible for designing and building the Web site as well
as designing and developing the reports and queries using Web-enabled OLAP
tools. They have to be proficient in Web development tools, SQL, and languages
such as Java or Perl.
Web master
The Web master is responsible for the administration of the Web environment,
such as the Web server, the firewall, the Web site, and so on. He or she should
be the "guru" and mentor to the Web developers and may also be the main
designer of the Web site. He or she should be able to interface between the
Web and the OLAP tools and be able to troubleshoot any problem.
[ Team LiB ]
北斗成功社区 BeiDouWeb.com 教育音视频/电子书/实用资料文档/励志音乐影视 仅供免费试用/版权原著所有
374/631
[ Team LiB ]
Risks of Not Performing Step 12
The capabilities of a BI application are notably enhanced with OLAP technology.
Besides enabling multidimensional analysis, OLAP tools provide additional
functionality, such as screen painting, "what if" analysis, conversion of data to
graphs and charts, and Web displays of query results. By excluding this step, the
business community would be missing an important value-added aspect of the BI
experience for better decision making.
[ Team LiB ]
北斗成功社区 BeiDouWeb.com 教育音视频/电子书/实用资料文档/励志音乐影视 仅供免费试用/版权原著所有
375/631
[ Team LiB ]
Bibliography and Additional Reading
Beck, Kent. Extreme Programming Explained: Embrace Change. Boston, MA:
Addison-Wesley, 2000.
Berson, Alex, and Stephen J. Smith. Data Warehousing, Data Mining, and OLAP. New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1997.
Bischoff, Joyce, and Ted Alexander. Data Warehouse: Practical Advice from the
Experts. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997.
Cockburn, Alistair. Agile Software Development. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2002.
Corey, Michael J., and Michael Abbey. Oracle Data Warehousing: A Practical Guide to
Successful Data Warehouse Analysis, Build, and Roll-out. Berkeley, CA: Osborne
McGraw-Hill, 1996.
Dick, Kevin. XML: A Manager's Guide. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 2000.
Dyché, Jill. e-Data: Turning Data into Information with Data Warehousing. Boston,
MA: Addison-Wesley, 2000.
Gill, Harjinder S., and Prakash C. Rao. The Official Client/Server Guide to Data
Warehousing. Indianapolis, IN: Que Corporation, 1996.
Hackney, Douglas. Understanding and Implementing Successful Data Marts. Reading,
MA: Addison-Wesley, 1997.
Humphrey, Watts S. Winning with Software: An Executive Strategy. Boston, MA:
Addison-Wesley, 2002.
Inmon, William H., J. D. Welch, and Katherine L. Glassey. Managing the Data
Warehouse: Practical Techniques for Monitoring Operations and Performance,
Administering Data and Tools and Managing Change and Growth. New York: John
Wiley & Sons, 1997.
Kimball, Ralph, and Richard Merz. The Data Webhouse Toolkit: Building the Web-
Enabled Data Warehouse. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 2000.
Kimball, Ralph, Laura Reeves, Margy Ross, and Warren Thornthwaite. The Data
Warehouse Lifecycle Toolkit: Expert Methods for Designing, Developing, and
Deploying Data Warehouses. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1998.
Shneiderman, Ben. Designing the User Interface: Strategies for Effective Human-
Computer Interaction. Boston, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1998.
[ Team LiB ]
北斗成功社区 BeiDouWeb.com 教育音视频/电子书/实用资料文档/励志音乐影视 仅供免费试用/版权原著所有
376/631
[ Team LiB ]
Chapter Thirteen. Step 13: Data
Mining
北斗成功社区 BeiDouWeb.com 教育音视频/电子书/实用资料文档/励志音乐影视 仅供免费试用/版权原著所有
377/631
北斗成功社区 BeiDouWeb.com 教育音视频/电子书/实用资料文档/励志音乐影视 仅供免费试用/版权原著所有
378/631
Chapter Overview
This chapter covers the following topics:
Things to consider about data mining
Traditional analysis techniques versus data mining
The importance of data mining
Data sources for data mining
The five most common data mining techniques: associations discovery,
sequential pattern discovery, classification, clustering, and forecasting
Data mining operations such as predictive and classification modeling, link
analysis, database segmentation, and deviation detection
Applications of data mining in the areas of market management, fraud
detection, risk management, financial services, and distribution
Brief descriptions of the activities involved in data mining, the deliverables
resulting from those activities, and the roles involved
The risks of not performing Step 13
Things to Consider
Marketing Questions
Do we know what general classes of customers we have?
Are there subclasses of customers with similar behavioral patterns?
Can we use targeted marketing messages for these customers?
Do we know what our best customers have in common? Is there a
pattern that will verify our hunch that if we offer new products or
services "just in time" to our best customers, they will buy them?
Do we know how to retain our best customers? How can we predict
which customers are more likely to leave us?
How can we sell more to our existing customers? Which of our
customers are more likely to buy more products or services from us?
Do we have customers who are costing us money?
Do we suspect fraudulent activities that need to be discovered?
Data
Is our data clean enough for data mining?
北斗成功社区 BeiDouWeb.com 教育音视频/电子书/实用资料文档/励志音乐影视 仅供免费试用/版权原著所有
379/631
Is the data understood? Will it be used and interpreted correctly?
Is it coded properly for data mining?
Is the data organized correctly for data mining?
Data Mining Tool
What type of data mining tool is appropriate for our organization?
What type of criteria should we consider when we evaluate data
mining tools?
How will we determine the return on investment (ROI) for a data
mining initiative and a data mining tool?
Staffing
Do we have statisticians or skilled analysts who can interpret the
data mining results?
Will we need to hire additional statisticians to perform data mining?
Will a database administrator be available to create and load the
data mining databases? Will we need a database administrator full-
time? Part-time?
Many organizations have accumulated massive amounts of data in their operational
systems. This data constitutes a potential source of valuable business information
that can be mined. Analytical models can be generated to find patterns in the data
and to allow the information to be used for competitive advantage. This gives the
business managers and executives the information they need in order to take action,
enabling them to increase profits, reduce costs, create innovative product strategies,
and expand market share.
[ Team LiB ]
北斗成功社区 BeiDouWeb.com 教育音视频/电子书/实用资料文档/励志音乐影视 仅供免费试用/版权原著所有
380/631