Orzoff Andrea. Battle for the Castle: The Myth of Czechoslovakia in Europe, 1914-1948
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256 Notes to Pages 136–140
Chapter 4
1. Dagmar Perman, The Shaping of the Czechoslovak State: Diplomatic History of the
Boundaries of Czechoslovakia, 1914–1920 (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1962); Todd Wayne
Huebner, “The Multinational ‘Nation-State’: The Origins and the Paradox of
Czechoslovakia, 1914–1920” (PhD dissertation, Columbia University, 1993); Mark
Cornwall, “Dr. Edvard Beneš and Czechoslovakia’s German Minority, 1918–1943,”
in John Morison, ed., The Czech and Slovak Experience (Houndmills, Basingstoke:
St. Martin’s Press, 1992), 175–177; Peter Haslinger, “The Nation, the Enemy, and
Imagined Territories: Hungarian Elements in the Emergence of a Czechoslovak
National Narrative during and after WWI,” in Nancy M. Wingfield, ed., Creating
the Other: Ethnic Conflict and Nationalism in Habsburg Central Europe (New York:
Berghahn Books, 2003): 169–182.
2. Carol Skalnik Leff, National Conflict in Czechoslovakia: The Making and Remaking
of a State, 1918–1987 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988), 135;more
generally, Miloslav John,
ˇ
Cechoslovakismus a
ˇ
CSR 1914–1938 (Beroun: Baroko &
Fox, 1994).
3. Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months That Changed the World (New
York: Random House, 2002), 113. On the contemporaneous conversations within
most of East-Central Europe about each country’s putative oriental, occiden-
tal, or European characteristics: Richard G. Fox, ed., Nationalist Ideologies and
the Production of National Cultures (Washington, DC: American Anthropologi-
cal Association, 1990); Katherine Verdery and Ivo Banac, eds., National Charac-
ter and National Ideology in Interwar Europe (New Haven, CT: Yale University
Press, 1995).
4. Maria Todorova, Imagining the Balkans (New York: Oxford University Press,
1997
), 58.
5.
NARA
S
tate Central Files 1910–1928, 751.60F/3, January 24, 1923; Piotr Wandycz,
“The Foreign Policy of Edvard Beneš, 1918–1938,” in Victor S. Mamatey and
Radomír Luža, eds., A History of the Czechoslovak Republic 1918–1948 (Princeton,
NJ: Princeton University Press, 1973), 221; F. Gregory Campbell, Confrontation
in Central Europe: Weimar Germany and Czechoslovakia (Chicago: University of
Chicago Press, 1975); Jind
ˇ
rich Dejmek, “Czechoslovak Foreign Policy and the
Search for Security in Central Europe between the World Wars (A Survey of Basic
Problems), Historica 3–4 (1996–1997): 107–145.
6. Campbell, Confrontation in Central Europe, 45–46. On the complicated Begriffs-
geschichte of the term Mitteleuropa, see Jacques Le Rider, Mitteleuropa: Auf dem
Spuren eines Begriffes (Vienna: Deuticke, 1994).
7. Campbell, Confrontation in Central Europe, 191, 226.
8. Hugh LeCaine Agnew, The Czechs and the Lands of the Bohemian Crown (Stanford,
CA: Hoover Institution Press, 2004), 190.
9. Ibid., 179.
10.
Mark Cornwall’s account of Edvard Beneš’s manipulation of German popula-
tion data
at Versailles in 1919 is fascinating. Cornwall, “Dr. Edvard Beneš and
Czechoslovakia’s German Minority,” 175–177.
Notes to Pages 140–141 257
11. Nancy Meriwether Wingfield, Flag Wars and Stone Saints: How the Bohemian Lands
Became Czech (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007), 139.
12. Ibid., 151–156.
13. Zden
ˇ
ek Kárník,
ˇ
Ceske zemˇeveˇre první republiky (1918–1938),vol.1 (Vznik, budování
a zlatá léta republiky, 1918–1929) (Prague: Libri, 2000), 94–97.
14. Campbell, Confrontation in Central Europe, 48–55, 78–85.
15. Ferdinand Seibt, “T.G. Masaryk und Edvard Beneš: Die ‘Burgherren’ im politis-
chen Profil,” in Karl Bosl, ed. Die Burg: Einflußreiche politische Kräfte um Masaryk
und Beneš, vol. 1 (Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1973–1974), 31. On the comment
in the Estates Theater, see E. Rychnovský, Masaryk (Prague, 1930), 287, cited in
Fred Hahn, “Masaryk and the Germans,” in Robert Pynsent, ed., T. G . M a s a r y k:
Thinker and Critic,vol.2 (London: Macmillan and the University of London
School of Slavonic Studies, 1989), 108.
16. Jevgenij Firsov, “T.G. Masaryk a význam
ˇ
cesko-n
ˇ
emeckého koali
ˇ
cního dorozum
ˇ
ení
v
ˇ
CSR,” in Marie Neudorflova, ed.,
ˇ
Ceši a Nˇ
emci v pojetí a politice T.G. Masaryka
(P
rague: M
asaryk
˚
uv ústav AV
ˇ
CR, 2004), 141–143, although Firsov uses exclusively
Castle sources. Also see Antonín Klímek, Boj o Hrad II: Kdo po Masarykovi? 1926–
1935 (Prague: Panevropa, 1998), 13, 29–30, 103.
17. Wingfield, Flag Wars and Stone Saints, chapters 5–8.
18. NARA State Central Files 1910–1928, 751.60F11/1, Prague, November 14, 1923.
19. Cornwall, “Dr. Edvard Beneš and Czechoslovakia’s German Minority,” 173, 176,
184–185.
20. Quotation: Lonnie Johnson, Central Europe: Enemies, Friends, Neighbors (Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2002), 193. On Czechoslovak coal: Ferdinand Peroutka,
Budování státu III (Prague: Lidové noviny, 1991), 915; also Maureen Healy, “Civ-
ilizing the Soldier in Postwar Austria,” in Nancy Wingfield and Maria Bucur,
eds., Gender and War in Twentieth-Century Europe (Bloomington, IN: Indiana
University Press, 2006), 57, who argues that Czechoslovakia did its best to avoid
sending coal.
21. Ivan Berend, Decades of Crisis: Central and Eastern Europe before World War II
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1998), 135–138; Barbara Jelavich, Mod-
ern Austria: Empire and Republic,
1815–1986 (Cambridge:
Cambridge U
niversity
Press, 1987).
22. Magda Ádám, “The Legitimists and Central Europe: Habsburg Restoration
Attempts and the Successor States of Austria-Hungary,” in Ádám, The Versailles
System and Central Europe (Burlington, VT: Ashgate, 2004), 129–192.
23. Karel
ˇ
Capek, President Masaryk Tells His Story (New York: Arno Press and the New
York Times, 1971; reprint of 1935 edition by G.P. Putnam’s Sons), 267–268.
24. Zdenek L. Suda, Zealots and Rebels: A History of the Communist Party of Czechoslo-
vakia (Stanford, CA: Hoover Institution Press, 1980), 11–13.
25. Igor Lukes, Czechoslovakia between Stalin and Hitler: The Diplomacy of Edvard Beneš
in the 1930s (New York: Oxford University Press, 1996), 13.
26. Catherine Andreyev and Ivan Savický, Russia Abroad: Prague and the Russian
Diaspora, 1918–1938 (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2004); Elena
Chinyaeva, Russians Outside Russia: The Émigré Community in Czechoslovakia
258 Notes to Pages 142–144
1918–1938 (Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2001); Svetlana Tejchmanová, Rusko
v
ˇ
Ceskoslovensku: Bilá emigrace v
ˇ
CSR 1917–1939 (Prague: H&H, 1993); Anas-
tasia Koprivová, Stˇrediska ruského emigrantského života v Praze, 1921–1952
(Prague: Národní knihovna
ˇ
CR, 2001); for Zamini’s interpretation, Ministerstvo
zahrani
ˇ
cních v
ˇ
eci, Czechoslovak Help to the Russian and Ukraine [sic] Emigration
(Prague: Ministerstvo zahrani
ˇ
cních v
ˇ
eci, 1924).
27. Peter Sugar, Péter Hanák, and Tibor Frank, eds., A History of Hungary (Blooming-
ton: Indiana University Press, 1990), 319–367; László Kontler, A History of Hun-
gary: Millennium in Central Europe (London: Palgrave, 2002), chapter 8;Joseph
Rothschild, East-Central Europe between the Two World Wars (Seattle: University of
Washington Press, 1974), 165.
28. Rothschild, East-Central Europe, 100. Rothschild notes that Admiral Horthy, regent
of interwar Hungary, offered in 1935 to settle Hungary’s political disputes with
Czechoslovakia by challenging Masaryk or Beneš to a duel, and drafted a formal
challenge, which was never delivered. Ibid., 191.
29. The disparity in numbers here comes from the different sources consulted and the
changing number of personal definitions of ethnicity, based on home language,
between 1911 (the last Habsburg census) and 1921 (the first census taken in inde-
pendent Czechoslovakia). On the 1921 census, 745,431
Czechoslovaks listed Magyar
as
their mother
tongue: see Rothschild, East-Central Europe, 89.
30. Daniel E. Miller, “Colonizing the Hungarian and German Border Areas during the
Czechoslovak Land Reform, 1918–1938,” AHY 34 (2003): 303 –317; Victor Mamatey,
“The Establishment of the Republic,” and Václav Beneš, “Czechoslovak Democ-
racy and Its Problems, 1918–1920,” in Mamatey and Luža, eds., A History of the
Czechoslovak Republic, 35, 47, 90–91.
31. Rothschild, East-Central Europe, 78, 84–85.
32. Wandycz, “Foreign Policy,” in Mamatey and Luža, eds., History of the Czechoslovak
Republic, 221.
33. David Lloyd George was consistently suspicious of Czech territorial claims. See
MacMillan, Paris 1919, 229.
34. British-French antipathy began during the Paris Peace Conference, where old
mutual suspicions flared up. The French determination to punish Germany, an
important British trading partner, worsened matters: see MacMillan, Paris 1919,
144, 198, 373–375; Jind
ˇ
rich Dejmek, Nenaplnˇené nadˇeje: Politické a diplomatické
vztahy
ˇ
Ceskoslovenska a Velké Británie od zrodu První republiky po konferenci v
Mnichovˇe(1918–1938) (Prague: Karolinum, 2003), chapter 3.
35. Harry Hanak, “British Views of the Czechoslovaks from 1914
–1924,”
in Eva
Schmidt-Har
tmann and Stanley Winters, eds., Großbritannien, die USA und die
böhmischen Länder 1848–1938 (Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1991), 97.
36. NARA State Central Files 1910–1928, 751.60F11/8, London, January 28, 1924.
37. K.J. Calder, Britain and the Origins of the New Europe, 1914–1918 (Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press, 1976), cited in Gabor Batonyi, Britain and Central
Europe 1918–1933 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1999), 11.
38. Copy of memorandum by Jan Hájek, February 12, 1935, “Podle spisu
ˇ
c.1646 kab/35
oznámil p. vysl. Masaryk úmrtí Allana Leepera ...,” cited in Rudolf Urban, Tajné
Notes to Pages 144–146 259
fondy tˇretí sekce: z archivu ministerstva zahraniˇci republiky ˇcesko-slovenské (Prague:
Orbis, 1943), 105–106. A German translation was also published: Demokratenpresse
im Lichte Prager Geheimeakten (Prague, 1943).
39. Quotations from Hanak, “British Views of the Czechoslovaks,” 99, 101.
40.Batonyi,Britain and Central Europe, 223.
41. Headlam-Morley to Seton-Watson, July 11, 1928, cited in ibid., 212.
42. Quoted in Yeshayahu Jelinek, “Thomas G. Masaryk and the British Foreign
Office,” in Schmidt-Hartmann and Winters, eds., Großbritannien, die USA und
die böhmischen Länder 1848–1938, 279.
43. John Gunther, Inside Europe (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1938), 240.
44. Ibid., 240–241.
45. Alena Gajanová,
ˇ
CSR a stˇredoevropská politika velmoci (Prague:
ˇ
Ceskoslovenská
akademie v
ˇ
ed, 1967), 219, 222.
46. Mark Cornwall, “A Fluctuating Barometer: British Diplomatic Views of the Czech-
German Relationship in Czechoslovakia, 1918–1938,” in Eva Schmidt-Hartmann
and Stanley Winters, eds., Großbritannien, die USA und die böhmischen Länder
1848–1938 (Munich: R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 1991), 313–333.
47
. Gajanová,
ˇ
CSR
a st
ˇredoevropská politika velmoci, 221, 229.
48. The Little Entente was never significant within European diplomacy, and never
reached the status of a regional alliance capable of withstanding pressure from a
Great Power. To do so might have aroused concern in Berlin, Rome, or Moscow,
and also might have constrained Czechoslovakia’s freedom of action in interna-
tional affairs. See Wandycz, “Foreign Policy,” in Mamatey and Luža, eds., History
of the Czechoslovak Republic, 222–223.
49. Piotr Wandycz, The Twilight of French Eastern Alliances, 1926–1936: French-
Czechoslovak-Polish Relations from Locarno to the Remilitarization of the Rhineland
(Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1988), 3, 234.
50. See ibid., 5–6, as well as NARA State Central Files 1910–1928. Document
751.60C/10 alleges that a Polish General Zagorski worked with members of the
French military mission to embezzle Polish funds, and notes that the French leaked
details of Polish proposals. On the Ukraine, see 751.60E2 from Germany (Poole)
October 8, 1928, summarizing a press item describing this plan. 751.60E3,afew
weeks later, adds the allegation that Masaryk and Beneš worked with Le Rond to
craft the plan’s details. I have been unable to find corroboration of any such plan,
but the allegation is a telling example of the widespread sense that France was eager
to meddle in East European affairs.
51. Wandycz, Twilight of French Eastern Alliances, 453.
52. Lukes, Czechoslovakia between Stalin and Hitler, 25 n. 30.
53. Wandycz, Twilight of French Eastern Alliances, 458–459. On the interwar French
press, see Marc Martin, Medias et journalistes de la Republique (Paris: E
ditions Odile
Jacob, 1997); a more detailed, if dated, portrayal can be found in Claude Bellanger
et al., eds., Histoire generale de la presse francaise vol. 3,de1871 à 1940 (Paris: Presses
Universitaires de France, 1969–1975).
54. AMZV, Third Section, propagace R
ˇ
CS v
ˇ
cinné—Francie, kar. 713,“Cizípropa-
ganda ve Francii,” December 27, 1933, 1–2.
260 Notes to Pages 146–151
55. Ibid., 2–3.
56. Ibid., 4.
57. Ibid., 4–5.
58. Ibid., 4, 6.
59. Ibid., 1–2.
60. Ibid., 7. The Russians were in this game, too: Arthur Raffalovich, “L’abominable
vénalité de la presse ...” (Paris: Librarie du travail, 1931).
61.Urban,Tajné fondy tˇreti sekce, 14.
62. Ibid., 52.
63. Ibid., 20.
64. Holly Case, Between States: The Transylvanian Question and the European Idea dur-
ing World War II (Palo Alto: Stanford University Press, 2009); Anton Czettler, Pál
Graf Teleki und die Außenpolitik Ungarns, 1939–1941 (Munich: Verlag Ungarisches
Institut, 1996), 191.
65. Cited in Wandycz, Twilight of French Eastern Alliances, 459 n. 43.
66. Urban, Tajné fondy tˇreti sekce, 68–70. Also Nicolae Dasc
˘
alu, “Press Co-operation
of the Little Entente and Balkan Alliance States (1922–1939),” Revue Études Sud-est
Europeénnes 20/
1 (1982): 25–42.
67.
Urban,
Tajné fondz t
ˇ
reti sekce, 96ff.
68. Letter from Wickham Steed to Hájek, dated March 27, 1924; cited in ibid., 83.
69. See ibid., 90. On Radio Central, see AMZV, Third Section, kar. 257, “Zpravodajská
spole
ˇ
cnost ‘Radio de l’Europe Centrale,’” March 1, 1924.
70. Copy of memorandum from Vasil K. Škrach to the Third Section, April 12, 1930,
cited in Urban, Tajné fondy tˇreti sekce, 92.
71. Copy of receipt from Poliakoff to Lidové noviny, September 30, 1937, cited in
ibid., 99.
72. AMZV, Third Section, osv
ˇ
eta—knihy—propagace, kar. 432, Podpora knih
externích nakladatel
˚
u, Orbis (vlastní publikace), 1931.
73. C.J.C.Street,East of Prague (London: Geoffrey Bles, 1924), 21–22.
74. Ibid., 75–76.
75. Ibid., 94–95.
76. Ibid., 96.
77.C.J.C.Street,
Slovakia Past and Present (London:
Cz
ech Society of Great
Britain, 1928).
78. Street, East of Prague, 144–145.
79. Ibid., 51.
80. Ibid., 38.
81. Ibid., 42.
82. Ibid., 62–63.
83. Ibid., 70–71.
84. Baerlein began writing about Eastern Europe in the early 1920s. Among his many
works on the region: The Birth of Yugoslavia, 1922; Over the Hills of Ruthenia, 1925;
The March of the Seventy Thousand, 1926, about the Czechoslovak Legionnaires; In
Search of Slovakia, 1929; No Longer Poles Apart, 1936.
85. Henry Baerlein, Here Are Dragons (London: Leonard Parsons, 1925), 31–32.
Notes to Pages 151–154 261
86. Ibid., 64.
87. Ibid., 84.
88. Ibid., 235.
89. Ibid., 197.
90. AMZV, Third Section, osv
ˇ
eta—knihy—propagace, kar. 432.
91. Urban, Tajné fondy tˇreti sekce, 227–228.
92. Ibid., 26–27, 30–31.
93. Ibid., 23–24.
94. AMZV, Third Section, osv
ˇ
eta—knihy—propagace, kar. 439, December 29, 1931,
Vienna.
95. László Péter, “The Political Conflict between R.W. Seton-Watson and C.A.
Macartney over Hungary,” presented at “British-Hungarian Relations Since
1848,” Centre for the Study of Central Europe, School of Slavonic and East
European Studies, University College London, April 16–17, 2004, available at
http://www.ssees.ac.uk/confhung.html/peter, 9–10. Accessed October 14, 2005.
96. Aniko Kovacs-Bertrand, Der ungarische Revisionismus nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg:
Der publizistische Kampf gegen den Friedensvertrag von Trianon (1918–1931) (Munich:
Oldenbourg Wissenschaftsverlag, 1997), 158.
97. Dudley Heathcote, My Wanderings in the Balkans (London, 1925). Heathcote
published pro-Hungarian articles in the Sunday Times
in 1926 a
ndinG.K.
Chesterton
’s G.K.’s Weekly in 1927:OtakarVo
ˇ
cadlo, Anglické listy Karla
ˇ
Capka
(Prague: Academia, 1975), 133.
98. Kovacs-Bertrand, Der ungarische Revisionismus, 255–259.
99. Ibid., 55–57, 65, 67–69. Also important for this period: Peter Haslinger, “Im
Schatten von Trianon ... ungarischen politischen Publicistik 1919–1939,” in
Gabriella Schubert and Wolfgang Dahmen, eds., Bilder von Eigenen und Fremden
aus den Donau-Balken-Raum: Analysen literarischer und anderer Texte (Munich:
Südosteuropa-Gesellschaft, 2003): 282–302.
100. Kovacs-Bertrand, Der ungarische Revisionismus, 99–101, 102 n. 18.
101. Ibid., 103,n.21,n.22,n.26; 104.
102. Ibid., 158; Jörg Hoensch, Der ungarische Revisionismus und die Zerschlagung der
Tschechoslowakei (Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 1976), 11.
103. Kovacs-Bertrand, Der ungarische Revisionismus, 178–179.
104. Ibid.,
169–170.
105.
Ibid., 181
.
106. Ibid., 166–167.
107. András D. Bán, “Friends of England: Cultural and Political Sympathies on the Eve
of the War,” The Hungarian Quarterly 40,no.153 (1999): 37. Teleki, of an august
Transylvanian noble family, served as foreign minister from 1919 to 1920, prime
minister from 1920 to 1921 and again between 1939 and 1941.
108. Gajanová,
ˇ
CSR a stˇredoevropská politika velmocí, 230 n. 99.
109. Bán, “Friends of England,” 37.
110. Ignac Romsics, “Hungary’s Place in the Sun: A British Newspaper Article
and Its Hungarian Repercussions,” presented at “British-Hungarian Relations
Since 1848,” Centre for the Study of Central Europe, School of Slavonic and
262 Notes to Pages 154–158
East European Studies, University College London, April 16–17, 2004. Avail-
able at http://www.ssees.ac.uk/confhung/romsics.pdf, 1. Accessed November 5,
2005.
111. Viscount Rothermere (Harold Sidney Harmsworth), Warnings and Predictions
(London: Eyre and Spottiswoode, 1939), 101.TheDaily Mail’s circulation was 2
million.
112. Romsics, “Hungary’s Place in the Sun,” 5.
113. Ibid., 1.
114. Rothermere, Warnings and Predictions, 104–106.
115. Ibid., 105.
116. Ibid., 106–107.
117. Ibid., 110.
118. Ibid., 110–111.
119. Ibid., 113, 116.
120. Ibid., 114–115.
121. Ibid., 115.
122. Ignac Romsics, “Nation and State in Modern Hungarian History,” Hungarian
Quarterly 164,no.4 (2001). Available at http://www.hungarianquarterly.com/
n0164/4.html, 5. Accessed October 14, 2005.
123. Ibid.,
5.
124.
Romsics,
“Hungary’s Place in the Sun,” 7–8.
125. Cited in ibid., 4.
126. Campbell, Confrontation in Central Europe, 196.
127. Romsics, “Hungary’s Place in the Sun,” 8.
128. Rothermere, Warnings and Predictions, 119–120, 123.
129. Ibid., 120.
130. Ibid., 119.
131. Ibid., 13.
132. Ibid., 134–135, 139.
133. Ibid., 92.
134. Board members: AMZV, Third Section, spole
ˇ
cnosti a spolky, kar. 876, Spole
ˇ
censký
klub v Praze, “zpráva o
ˇ
cinnosti od 15 b
ˇ
rezna do 31. sprna pro valnou hromadu dne
11.
ˇ
ríjna 1927,” 15. The club’s finances: AMZV, Third Section, spole
ˇ
cnosti a spolky,
kar. 876, Spole
ˇ
censký klub v Praze, 30/34 (10 zá
ˇ
rí 1934).
135. Defense of the building’s renovation: AMZV, Third Section, spole
ˇ
cnosti a spolky,
kar
. 876,
Spole
ˇ
censký klub v Praze, “Spole
ˇ
censký klub v Praze. Motivy pro pod-
poru klubu.”
136. AMZV, Third Section, spole
ˇ
cnosti a spolky, kar. 876, Spole
ˇ
censký klub v Praze,
memorandum, December 27, 1927; also 148488/29,“1929 Seznam clen
˚
u, vyboru
Cizineckého odboru Spole
ˇ
cenského klubu.” The chair was Professor Jan Kozák,
on the humanities faculty at Charles University; the vice chair was Vladimír
Slavík, a Zamini bureaucrat. The members were Václav Posejpal, a dean of the
Charles University natural sciences faculty; historian František Dvorník; Professor
František Žilka of the Husová fakulta; Josef Macek, a professor at Prague’s eco-
nomic college as well as a National Socialist parliamentarian; Professor J. F. Šimon
Notes to Pages 158–162 263
of the Academy of Decorative Arts; František Munk, director of the foreign division
of the Prague vzork. veletrhu; minister for social welfare Dr. Josef Kotek; Prager
Presse reporter František Kubka; Emil Walter, a Zamini bureaucrat; and Zden
ˇ
ek
Prager, no affiliation listed.
137. Josef Kroutvor, Potíže s dˇejinami: Eseje (Prague: Prostor, 1990), 23, 25, 34–36.
138. Ibid., 33.
139. AMZV, Third Section, spole
ˇ
cnosti a spolky, kar. 876, Spole
ˇ
censký klub v Praze,
“zpráva o
ˇ
cinnosti od 15 b
ˇ
rezna do 31. srpna pro valnou hromadu dne 11.
ˇ
ríjna
1927.” The list of books from 1927: AMZV, Third Section, spole
ˇ
cnosti a spolky,
kar. 876, Spole
ˇ
censký klub v Praze, 2 února 1927.
140. AMZV, Third Section, spole
ˇ
cnosti a spolky, kar. 876, Spole
ˇ
censký klub
v Praze, “Zpráva Cizineckého odboru Spole
ˇ
cenského klubu, Zá
ˇ
rí-listopad
1929.”
141. Julius Firt, Knihy a osudy (Brno: Atlantis, 1972), 309–331. Karel Steinbach,
Svˇedek témˇeˇr stoletý (Prague: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství, 1990); and Adina
Mandlová, Dneska už se tomu smˇeju (Prague:
ˇ
Ceskoslo
venský
filmový ústav, 1990)
also discuss the Táflrunda.
142. AMZV, Third Section, spole
ˇ
cnosti a spolky, kar. 876, Spole
ˇ
censký klub v Praze,
letter of invitation, April 1, 1925.
143.By1928, P.E.N. was affiliated with the League of Nations Sub-Committee on Arts
and Letters. HRC/PEN, collection P.E.N. Misc., author John Galsworthy 1867–
1933, dated July 23, 1928, Memorandum to League of Nations Sub-Committee on
Arts and Letters.
144. Marjorie Watts, Mrs. Sappho: The Life of C.A. Dawson Scott, Mother of International
P.E.N. (London: Duckworth, 1987), 97.
145. The Czechs’ arguments with the Hungarians, as well as the Czechoslovak Ger-
mans, were only some of the many battles waged in P.E.N. between 1921 and
1939, most of them dealing with questions of nationalism and language. For
example, Yiddish-speaking Jews demanded separate representation in P.E.N.,
but the New York and Warsaw chapters of P.E.N. resisted affiliation with a
Yiddish section. There were also conflicts between French and Flemish speak-
ers in Belgium. See HRC/PEN, collection P.E.N. Misc., International PEN
Congress, 4th, Berlin, 1926,May17–18, 1926, rough notes from Congress,
Tms, 3 pp.
146. APNP, PEN, Ji
ˇ
rina T
˚
umová, “Vzník klubu P.E.N. v Praze: Co vím o založení klubu
já,” 1.
147. Ibid., 1.
148.Vo
ˇ
cadlo, from 1921 to 1928 a professor at the Institute for Slavic Studies at the
University of London, had become a member of P.E.N. International’s steering
committee as early as 1922.Vo
ˇ
cadlo’s account of Prague P.E.N.’s formation in
his Anglické listy Karla
ˇ
Capka
, 34ff.,
differs somewhat from APNP, PEN, Ji
ˇ
rina
T
˚
umo
v
á, “Vzník klubu P.E.N. v Praze.”
149.Vo
ˇ
cadlo, Anglické listy, 83.
150.Vo
ˇ
cadlo, Anglické listy, 52; Karel
ˇ
Capek, Korespondence II (Prague:
ˇ
Ceský spisovatel,
1993), 176–178 (letter 925, June 9, 1924).
264 Notes to Pages 162–165
151. APNP, PEN, “Zápisy psané do knihy otna
ˇ
cené na deskách: Protokoly sch
˚
uzí P.E.N.
Klubu od 15.II. 1925 do 7.III.1933,” no author (probably written by Ji
ˇ
rina T
˚
umová),
undated.
152. Ibid., meeting 14.IV.1926, 2.
153. APNP, PEN, copy of letter from T
˚
umová to Ježek, June 2, 1932.
154. APNP, PEN, “Zápisy psane do knihy otna
ˇ
cené na deskách,” 10 (meeting 18.II.25)
and 14 (meeting 4.IV.25). Krofta was accepted on June 1, 1926. Preiss was accepted
as a member on November 4, 1926. APNP, P.E.N., “Protokoly sch
˚
uzí P.E.N.
Klubu,” meeting 4.XI.1926, 12–13. Hodža was minister of education and national
culture at this time. (The pages of this document are not numbered consecutively:
I list both page number and meeting date.)
155. AMZV, Third Section, kar. 870, spolky—P.E.N., sl. 7,March4, 1925, author
P.E.N. (signed by Khol and
ˇ
Capek), addressee Zamini (Foreign Ministry), sekce
zpravodajská.
156. HRC, MS P.E.N. Recip, ALS (autographed letter signed), Otakar Vo
ˇ
cadlo to
Marjorie Scott, d. 31.XII.1924.Vo
ˇ
cadlo utterly mischaracterized Rilke, of course.
157. APNP, PEN, “Protokoly sch
˚
uzi P.E.N.
Klubu,” meeting 28.II.1925,“Ú
ˇ
cast
N
ˇ
emc
˚
u,” 6.
158. Ibid.
159. Both Pick and Fuchs were associated with the Prager Kreis, a loose affiliation of
Prague German literati most often linked to Max Brod and Franz Kafka. On
their prewar work, see Scott Spector, Prague Territories: National Conflict and
Cultural Innovation in Franz Kafka’s Fin de Siecle (Berkeley: University of California
Press, 2000).
160. APNP, PEN, “Protokoly sch
˚
uzi P.E.N. Klubu,” meeting 4.IV.1925,“N
ˇ
emci,” 14.
161. Ibid., reported by
ˇ
Capek in meeting 18.V.1926, 4.
162. HRC, MS P.E.N. Letters, author P.E.N., 2 TLS to
ˇ
Capek, Karel, November 19 and
December 16, 1926.
163. HRC, MS P.E.N. Recip, author
ˇ
Capek, Karel, TLS to P.E.N., November 26, 1926.
Original letter is in English.
164. Documents from the P.E.N. international congresses of 1926 and 1927 indicate that
London was generally concerned at this time with establishing regional centers
for different European linguistic groups, such as Flemish speakers in Belgium and
Yiddish speakers in Warsaw and New York. Prague most likely fell naturally into
this category. See for HRC, MS P.E.N. Misc, author International P.E.N. Congress,
4th, Berlin, 1926,datedMay17–18, 1926. “Rough notes from Congress,” Tms, 3 pp.
165. APNP, PEN-Klub, “Protokoly sch
˚
uzi P.E.N. Klubu,” Second General Assembly
meeting, 23.V.1926, 18
.
166. Eisner, a prolific translator, also wrote Chram i tvrz (Cathedral and Fortress), still
considered one of the most insightful analyses of the Czech language. Urzidil, a
Czech-German-Jewish writer who evidently never took Czechoslovak citizenship,
is represented differently on various membership lists in APNP/P.E.N. On a
list filed with 1925–1926 papers, Urzidil is listed as “Jan” rather than Johannes,
though working at the “Deutsche Gesandschaft.” Later (1931, 1934–1935)heis
Johannes, or not listed at all; his correspondence with T
˚
umová was written
Notes to Pages 165–169 265
in Czech. Urzidil fled Czechoslovakia in 1939 with his wife, the daughter of
a Prague rabbi, and lived in England and New York, working as a manual
laborer, bookbinder, journalist, and translator. Urzidil briefly reported for the
German-language programs on Voice of America, but was fired for his leftist
views during the McCarthy era. He returned to Europe and died in Rome
in 1970.
167. APNP, PEN-Klub, P.E.N., undated list, no author.
168. Prague repeated this point many times during the period of Prague-Budapest
contention. For a decisively Castle analysis of the entire issue, see Edmond Konrád,
“Politická historie Penklubu,” Pˇrítomnost (1937), 392–395.
169. AMZV, Third Section, sig. 12 (PEN Klub), kar. 295, sl. 7, dopis August 19, 1929,
od Fr. Kubky, Panu
ˇ
reditelovi J. Hájek, Zamini.
170. APNP, PEN, typed carbon copy of letter by Radó Antal to Prague P.E.N., Budapest,
May 18, 1930; enclosed in letter from Prague P.E.N. to Minister J. Slavík, May 23,
1930. Budapest-Prague correspondence was conducted in French or German.
171. APNP, PEN, letter from Jenö Mohacsi to Ji
ˇ
rina T
˚
umová, December 14, 1930.
172. APNP, PEN, copy of letter from Prague P.E.N. to Minister J. Slávik, May 23, 1930.
173. APNP, PEN, letter from Prague P.E.N. to Edvard Beneš, “Slovutný pane minist
ˇ
re!,”
May 18, 1931.
174. APNP, PEN, letter from Václav Tille to Ji
ˇ
rina T
˚
umová, February 22, 1932.
175. APNP, PEN. There are many examples of these reports.
176. AMZV, Third Section, spolky-PEN, kar. 70, April 7, 1932, report from Budapest
legation to J. Hájek, head of Third Section. Press reports attached.
177. APNP, PEN, carbon copy of letter from Ji
ˇ
rina T
˚
umo
vá
to Edmond Konrád, “Milý
Edmondk
˚
u,” May 6, 1932.
178. APNP, PEN, copies of Edmond Konrád (article signed “kd.”), “Spisovatelé v
Budapesti,” Národní osvobození,May31, 1932, 5; and František Langer (signed F.L.),
Lidové noviny,May28, 1932.
179. APNP, PEN, Adolf Hoffmeister, “X. kongres P.E.N. klub
˚
u v Budapešti,” Literární
noviny, undated.
180. Ibid.
181. APNP, PEN, letter from Radó Antal to Prague P.E.N., July 20, 1932.
182. APNP, PEN, undated reports from Zamini’s Denní pˇrehled zahraniˇcního tisku
(contents discuss press reports from September 1932), sent as enclosures in a letter to
Edmond Konrád from Leo Singer, Budapest correspondent for the Prager Tagblatt,
postmarked October 12, 1932.
183. APNP, PEN, clipping of “P
ˇ
ri otázce p
ˇ
rístupu maïarské literatury na Slovensko,”
Lidové noviny, November 4, 1932.
184. APNP, PEN, letter from Radó Antal to Karel
ˇ
Capek, December 5, 1932.
185. APNP, PEN, letter from Vilém Pospíšil to Karel
ˇ
Capek, November 24, 1932.
186. APNP, PEN, copy of letter from Zamini to Prague P.E.N., January 23, 1933.“
ˇ
cj
8264/33-III-2.V
ˇ
ec: D
evisy
pro nákup cizí literatury.”
187. On this topic, see APNP, PEN, “La censure en Slovaquie”; APNP, PEN, clip-
ping of “Protest slovenských um
ˇ
elc
˚
u a spisovatel
˚
u proti tiskování Slovák
˚
uv
Mad’arsku,” Národní listy (undated, March 10 byline); APNP, PEN, letter from